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A total of 12 Alliums, used for culinary purposes, were examined for anti‐bacterial activity against Escherichia coli using disc assay and minimum lethal concentration methods. The 12 Alliums were: garlic (Allium sativum); onion (A. cepa); shallot (A. cepa var. ascolonicum); everlasting onion (A.cepa “Perutile”); ramsons (A.ursinum); leek (A. porrum); chives (A. schoenoprasum); wild leek (A. ampeloprasum); Babington’s leek (A. ampeloprasum var. babingtonii); Chinese chives (A. ramosum); nodding onion (A. cernuum) and crow garlic (A. vineale). Garlic, ramsons, wild leek, Babington’s leek, Chinese chive and crow garlic exhibited anti‐bacterial activity. The correlation coefficient between the results of the disc assay and minimum lethal concentration methods was highly significant (r = 0.977; p = 0.0001).

A quantitative method involving colony counting was undertaken to assess the antibiotic effects of garlic Allium sativum on possible food‐borne bacteria. The investigation using garlic was targeted at higher education students planning an Independent Study or Dissertation into the antibacterial properties of food plants. The effect of concentrations of garlic varying from 0 per cent to 20 per cent in chicken stock, which had been inoculated with either E.coli B and S. albus, was investigated over three days. Bacterial numbers were reduced with increased garlic concentration and with the duration of incubation. Heating the garlic for 30 min at 100 C destroyed its anti‐bacterial activity.

ON the face of it the Report of the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London might seem to be of no concern to authorities outside the area, but it is certain that all concerned with local government have their eyes firmly glued on the eventual fate of the Report. For what happens in Greater London could well be a pointer for local government reform in the rest of the country. Librarians are among the many people who have an intense interest in this, despite the fact that only one of the Report's 1,011 paragraphs dealt with libraries.

The composition of the Editorial Board has recently undergone a fairly fundamental change as a consequence of the resignation, for a variety of reasons, of four of its members. Mr B. C. Brookes, a long‐serving member of the Board, and until recently its Chairman, Mr J. W. Jolliffe, Mr W. R. Maidment, and Dr R. C. Young all leave us at a time when the Journal enjoys a healthy circulation which can only be a reflection of the esteem in which the readership holds the publication and is sufficient tribute in itself to the valuable contribution which these members have made. We are all very grateful for their help.

A question of size THE Committee set up by the Minister of Education in 1957 to “consider the structure of the public library service in England and Wales, and to advise what changes, if any, should be made n the administrative arrangements, regard being had to the relation of public libraries to other libraries,” was the first such since the Kenyon Committee which reported in 1927. One of the most controversial aspects of the Roberts Committee's deliberations was the consideration of the minimum size (in terms of population) of an independent library system.

The α‐amylase activity of ten human saliva samples was measured using phadebas, iodine and gel‐diffusion procedures. Highly significant correlations (p = 0.001) were found between the results of the three methods, namely phadebas and iodine r = –0.907, phadebas and gel diffusion r = +0.928, and iodine and gel diffusion r = –0.948. The suitability of the three methods for use in an educational context is discussed.

Despite ample international literature regarding the school-to-prison pipeline, researchers in the Australian context have remained relatively silent about this phenomenon. While there are several studies investigating the criminological characteristics of juvenile detention in Australia, a substantial gap exists examining the educational exclusion of young First Nations males from the education system and whether this has a direct bearing on their overrepresentation in juvenile incarceration. Highlighted in this chapter are the cultural complexities and inequitable practices associated with high rates of exclusion of First Nations boys from school resulting in the likelihood of potential incarceration for some. Finally, certain pragmatic solutions are offered so that educators may reflect upon their important role in disrupting the school-to-prison pipeline.

Mr L.J.Anthony, FLA, has been appointed to a new post of Assistant Director (Services) on the staff of Aslib and takes up his appointment at the beginning of October. Mrs Sauvee has kindly agreed to remain at work until he takes over. Mr Anthony is well known to the membership as the Librarian and Head of Documentation Services of the Culham Laboratory of the UK Atomic Energy Authority and as the former Deputy Librarian at Harwell; members of longer standing will remember him as Assistant Director at Aslib in 1954–55, when the consultancy service and first research activities were being established, and previously as Information Officer at British Telecom‐munications Research Ltd.