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Article
Publication date: 3 February 2012

Martin Goosey and Rod Kellner

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for using chitin and chitosan sustainable materials to absorb copper from PCB manufacturing effluent and to report the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential for using chitin and chitosan sustainable materials to absorb copper from PCB manufacturing effluent and to report the results of an initial feasibility study aimed at demonstrating proof of concept.

Design/methodology/approach

Crab shells and prawn shells, both waste products of the seafood industry, as well as chitosan, were evaluated as potential absorbents for recovering copper present at low levels in the manufacturing effluent produced in a UK‐based PCB manufacturing facility. Various conditions were investigated and efforts were also made to recover absorbed copper via a regeneration process that enabled the metal to be electroplated from solution.

Findings

Although only a short feasibility study, conditions were found that enabled copper to be absorbed by the ground crab shells and chitosan and then subsequently recovered by electrowinning to produce the metal.

Research limitations/implications

Although successful as a feasibility study, the experimental work highlighted the large number of variables that need to be investigated and optimised in order to obtain the most efficient copper capture and recovery. Further work needs to be carried out to determine these optimum conditions and to investigate the potential for recovery of other metals from a wider range of solutions.

Originality/value

The paper details how individual treatment technologies can be combined to enable a much more sustainable approach to PCB manufacturing which offers the benefits of reduced effluent metal levels, metal recovery and a novel use for another sector's waste products.

Article
Publication date: 19 April 2011

Özkan Özden and Nuray Erkan

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the proximate composition, amino acid and mineral profiles of seafood for human consumption.

1052

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the proximate composition, amino acid and mineral profiles of seafood for human consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 21 seafood species (eight seawater, one fresh water fish, six crustacean and six mollusc species) of commercial importance were chosen and purchased from the Istanbul local fish market. The sample to amino acids analyze was prepared in accordance with the hydrolysis technique described by Waters AccQ.Tag Chemistry Package Method (HPLC). Determination of iron (Fe), sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), selenium (Se), phosphorus (P) and iodine (I) was performed with thermo electron X7 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS).

Findings

The lipid contents of species were found to be very low and considered as lean. The highest total amino acid values of fishes, crustaceans and molluscs were determined in John Dory, hake, red scorpion fish, spiny lobster, Norway lobster, sea snail and pecten. The mineral content of seafood species were found to be 9.3‐157.11 mg/kg Fe, 558.13‐6095.89 mg/kg Na, 253.25‐1032.29 mg/kg Mg, 125.43‐17174.76 mg/kg Ca, 0.18‐7.76 mg/kg Se, 1586.45‐5811.16 mg/kg P and 0.086‐2.630 mg/kg I.

Originality/value

This paper is helpful to consumers and academics concerning the proximate, amino acid and mineral composition of 21 estimable seafood species (nine fish, six crustacean and six mollusc species).

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 113 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1957

With rather less than a year and a half gone by since the provisions of the Food Hygiene Regulations came into force, it is perhaps not too soon to sit back and look around at the…

Abstract

With rather less than a year and a half gone by since the provisions of the Food Hygiene Regulations came into force, it is perhaps not too soon to sit back and look around at the progress that has been made. Few without bias would doubt that there have been substantial steps forward; their effects can be readily seen in our shopping centres and in the now prevailing more acute sense in matters of food hygiene, displayed both by shopkeepers and their assistants and by the general purchasing public. The latter, indeed, are playing an increasingly important part in furthering the interests and lightening the burden of those whose duty it is to administer the Regulations.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 59 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Article
Publication date: 3 July 2009

Abel Duarte Alonso

Marron growing is practiced in some regions of Western Australia where this crustacean is a native species, and offers potential opportunities to be marketed as a delicacy and…

Abstract

Purpose

Marron growing is practiced in some regions of Western Australia where this crustacean is a native species, and offers potential opportunities to be marketed as a delicacy and also to blend with other industries, including tourism, contributing to the marketing of a region. While these opportunities exist, to date little is known about the extent to which marron growing is meaningful to local entrepreneurs in commercial terms, their level of involvement with this industry, or constraints they may face. This paper aims to examine these dimensions to illustrate marron's importance for the areas where they are grown.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 26 small marron growers accepted the invitation to participate in semi‐structured face‐to‐face and telephone interviews.

Findings

Operators' comments illustrate the significant potential for marron to become both a niche market product as well as a rural niche market that helps promote the area where they are grown. However, growing marron as a full‐time activity is still very limited; in fact, many respondents grow marron marginally and as an extra income stream because of the crustacean's current high commercial value, thus suggesting the industry's current developmental stage.

Research limitations/implications

With some 200 marron growers in Western Australia, the number of participating operations is limited to make generalisations of the industry.

Practical implications

With growing consumer sophistication, knowledge and interest in gourmet foods, the findings not only have implications for the marron growing industry, but also for hospitality and tourism, particularly in view of marron growing's potential to blend with these industries.

Originality/value

The study provides several insights into an unexplored area, marron growing and provides several areas for future research.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 21 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1949

S.R. RANGANATHAN

WHEN Miss Ditmas sent me a copy of the proceedings of the conference convened by the Royal Society in June last to consider the improvement of documentation service for scientific…

Abstract

WHEN Miss Ditmas sent me a copy of the proceedings of the conference convened by the Royal Society in June last to consider the improvement of documentation service for scientific workers, I was very pleased to read the resolution regarding the library profession. I took it as an S O S from those engaged on research calling for help from those engaged on library work. The downpour of literature has become so heavy, specialization among scientific workers so intense, and coverage of publications is becoming so narrow in extension and so deep in intension that a worker is in danger of missing much nascent thought, so essential for economic pursuit of research. Unless there is proper reference service in libraries the work of the specialists will suffer, and unless there is proper documentation the reference service will suffer—they say. Unless a powerful scheme of classification is brought into use and unless cataloguing is intimately integrated with such a classification, proper documentation will not be possible, we say. Unless some of the best brains of the day are spared for the library profession and the library profession itself is made attractive enough in status and salary to retain them, those necessary library techniques, that have the modern alternative name of documentation technique, will not be forged and kept continuously sharpened, we say. It is gratifying that the conference has by a resolution conceded our demand about status and emoluments. I welcome this opportunity to expound along what lines we should proceed to improve our technique to the necessary level of efficiency. The table on p. 224 gives a synopsis of what I propose to say.

Details

Journal of Documentation, vol. 4 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1952

Just a hundred years ago great developments were pending in this country in matters relating to health and to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. It was in 1852 that Pasteur…

Abstract

Just a hundred years ago great developments were pending in this country in matters relating to health and to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. It was in 1852 that Pasteur began his epoch‐making researches on the subject of bacterial fermentation. At about the same time the ophthalmoscope was introduced. In 1854 Florence Nightingale was busy demanding reforms in nursing, and in 1855 the hypodermic syringe was invented. In 1858 a register of qualified dentists was established for the first time. But the years 1851 to 1854 were remarkable also for the institution and prosecution for the first time in British history of an active campaign for the suppression of the adulteration of food. There was little knowledge of this subject and almost no laws, with two minor exceptions. It was nominally an offence under a statute of George IV to adulterate bread with alum—but no public official had any duty to enforce it. Also, there were certain Revenue Acts, enforceable by the Customs and Excise Department, which in the interests of the Revenue, not of consumers, forbade the adulteration of certain excisable articles of food. But the machinery of the Department was clumsy and inefficient. To two far‐seeing and very courageous men is due the credit for the overdue enactment in 1860 of legislation intended to protect the public from the wholesale adulteration which was rampant a hundred years ago. One was Thomas Wakley, F.R.C.S., Editor of The Lancet. Wakley in 1851 appointed an Analytical and Sanitary Commission, with Dr. A. H. Hassall, M.D., M.R.C.P., as Chief Analyst, to make investigations on a large scale, and promised that the results would be published in his journal, which would announce also the names and addresses of retailers, and of manufacturers when known, of all articles found to be adulterated. A great number of these reports appeared in The Lancet from 1851 to 1854, and were afterwards reprinted in a book by Dr. Hassall. They threw much light on many black spots. The first subject to be tackled was coffee, which was almost invariably adulterated with chicory. Analytical chemists until then had stated that it was impossible for them to detect the adulteration in their laboratories. But Dr. Hassall was a skilled microscopist, as well as a chemist and a doctor. He was the first person in this country to “ apply regularly and systematically the powers of the microscope to the elucidation of the subject of adulteration ”. He was able to detect by his microscope flagrant and widespread adulteration of the following, among many other, foods :—

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 54 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Article
Publication date: 1 October 1899

That ice‐creams prepared with dirty materials and under dirty conditions will themselves be dirty is a proposition which, to the merely ordinary mind, appears to be sufficiently…

Abstract

That ice‐creams prepared with dirty materials and under dirty conditions will themselves be dirty is a proposition which, to the merely ordinary mind, appears to be sufficiently obvious without the institution of a series of elaborate and highly “scientific” experiments to attempt to prove it. But, to the mind of the bacteriological medicine‐man, it is by microbic culture alone that anything that is dirty can be scientifically proved to be so. Not long ago, it having been observed that the itinerant vendor of ice‐creams was in the habit of rinsing his glasses, and, some say, of washing himself—although this is doubtful—in a pail of water attached to his barrow, samples of the liquor contained by such pails were duly obtained, and were solemnly submitted to a well‐known bacteriologist for bacteriological examination. After the interval necessary for the carrying out of the bacterial rites required, the eminent expert's report was published, and it may be admitted that after a cautious study of the same the conclusion seems justifiable that the pail waters were dirty, although it may well be doubted that an allegation to this effect, based on the report, would have stood the test of cross‐examination. It is true that our old and valued friend the Bacillus coli communis was reported as present, but his reputation as an awful example and as a producer of evil has been so much damaged that no one but a dangerous bacteriologist would think of hanging a dog—or even an ice‐cream vendor—on the evidence afforded by his presence. A further illustration of bacteriological trop de zèle is afforded by the recent prosecutions of some vendors of ice‐cream, whose commodities were reported to contain “millions of microbes,” including, of course, the in‐evitable and ubiquitous Bacillus coli very “communis.” To institute a prosecution under the Sale of Food and Drugs Act upon the evidence yielded by a bacteriological examination of ice‐cream is a proceeding which is foredoomed, and rightly foredoomed, to failure. The only conceivable ground upon which such a prosecution could be undertaken is the allegation that the “millions of microbes ” make the ice‐cream injurious to health. Inas‐much as not one of these millions can be proved beyond the possibility of doubt to be injurious, in the present state of knowledge; and as millions of microbes exist in everything everywhere, the breakdown of such a case must be a foregone conclusion. Moreover, a glance at the Act will show that, under existing circumstances at any rate, samples cannot be submitted to public analysts for bacteriological examination—with which, in fact, the Act has nothing to do—even if such examinations yielded results upon which it would be possible to found action. In order to prevent the sale of foul and unwholesome or actual disease‐creating ice‐cream, the proper course is to control the premises where such articles are prepared; while, at the same time, the sale of such materials should also be checked by the methods employed under the Public Health Act in dealing with decomposed and polluted articles of food. In this, no doubt, the aid of the public analyst may sometimes be sought as one of the scientific advisers of the authority taking action, but not officially in his capacity as public analyst under the Adulteration Act. And in those cases in which such advice is sought it may be hoped that it will be based, as indeed it can be based, upon something more practical, tangible and certain than the nebulous results of a bacteriological test.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 1 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Article
Publication date: 1 September 1965

Since the widespread finding by public analysts of penicillin in milk as the result of the treatment of bovine mastitis, it could only be a matter of time before there were…

Abstract

Since the widespread finding by public analysts of penicillin in milk as the result of the treatment of bovine mastitis, it could only be a matter of time before there were prosecutions under Sect. 2, Food and Drugs Act, 1955. In this issue we report a successful case at Leeds, in which the defendant was convicted and fined. In our July issue (p. 98) we also reported a case brought by the Milk Marketing Board, where the defendant was given an absolute discharge, but although this was the first reported case in England and Wales, the complaint was laid earlier at Leeds, so the distinction of being the first food and drugs authority in the country to test the decision of whether or not penicillin traces in milk constitutes an offence rests with Leeds. The amount present—0.06 I.U. per ml.—was much lower than analysts have often reported, but on medical grounds, the possibility of hypersensitivity reactions and the development of antibiotic‐resistant types of organisms, comparison of amounts present in samples is a refinement not particularly relevant. Another important point about the prosecution at Leeds is that the authority was prepared to prove toxicity and to fight the case on these grounds, with expert witnesses lined up for the purpose. A plea of not guilty obviated the necessity of this. The defence naively suggested that the choice was either penicillin traces or the pathological products of mastitis in the milk, but in truth, it is neither. A purchaser expects genuine milk, pure and of the quality demanded

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 67 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

Open Access
Book part
Publication date: 4 May 2018

Eka Maida, Adhiana and Zuriani

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the diversity of macrozoobenthos as well as its relationship with water quality and substrate in the pond culture area…

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the diversity of macrozoobenthos as well as its relationship with water quality and substrate in the pond culture area.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The method of sampling area is on five observation stations by purposive sampling. The research was done indirectly (ex situ) for macrozoobenthic identification at the Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.

Findings – The fairness/uniformity index obtained from the five research stations ranging from 0.483 to 0.923 indicates a high degree of uniformity. This indicates that the macrozoobenthos biological index at the study site can be used as an indicator that water quality is in good condition and has the potential to be developed into an aquaculture area as well as supporting the success of the shrimp farming as one of the sub-systems of the shrimp agribusiness.

Research Limitations/Implications – This research can be a source of information for the management and utilization of environment in the research area, so that shrimp harvest can be optimized in the pond farming area.

Originality/Value – This research has found that macrozoobenthos included 61 species.

Details

Proceedings of MICoMS 2017
Type: Book
ISBN:

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 1962

A.J. CAIN

Living organisms are immensely complicated things, most of which (except the minutest) present at a glance a vast variety of structural and other characters that can be considered…

Abstract

Living organisms are immensely complicated things, most of which (except the minutest) present at a glance a vast variety of structural and other characters that can be considered from many aspects. The analogy between animals and writings would seem to be clear, and the necessity for co‐ordinate classification equally great for both. Certainly, many different sorts of classification are used for animals and their parts, in relation to their genetics, development, functions in the widest sense, distribution, ecology, and evolution. Yet there is one principal classification which bears the principal reference system, and co‐ordinate classification is only subsidiary.

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 14 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

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