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This study aims to contribute to the debate about the place of corporate taxation in corporate social responsibility (CSR) by reviewing the present state of research, offering a comprehensive understanding of the content and dimensions of corporate tax responsibility (CTR) and discussing further developments in research and action.

The study builds on a systematic literature review of 117 theoretical and empirical papers on tax within the broad field of CSR published in peer-reviewed academic journals and books.

The analysis unfolds and discusses the construct of CTR and proposes a unified conceptualisation that elucidates for what firms are (or should be) held accountable on tax matters and the different dimensions (i.e. instrumental, political, integrative and ethical) which justify greater tax responsibility and enable its achievement.

The results can provide companies with practical guidance to enhance their tax responsibility and can give stakeholders and policymakers suggestions for new mobilisation strategies to achieve more responsible tax behaviour.

Corporate tax payments are a fundamental dimension of CSR, as they fund public goods and services and reduce the unequal distribution of wealth. Providing a more structured understanding of CTR, this paper can contribute towards attaining more responsible tax outcomes which can better serve and benefit the whole society.

This study offers a structured overview of the present state of tax research in CSR, while providing a comprehensive understanding and conceptualisation of the construct of CTR, thus enabling scholars to situate their work and develop further relevant research in this field.

This chapter analyzes how the industry environment determines corporate dividend decisions. First, common participants in the product market are competitors, suppliers, and customers. These micro-stakeholders create competitive pressures on firms and thus affect their current and future performance. Competitors influence dividend decisions through three mechanisms, namely predation threat, corporate governance, and imitation. Predation threat reduces firms' incentives to pay dividends when facing high rivalry. Competition helps firms improve corporate governance. However, strong corporate governance may increase or decrease dividend payments since dividend policy may be the outcome of strong corporate governance or the substitute for weak corporate governance, respectively. Besides, firms tend to imitate their industry peers in dividend policy. Second, as a financial policy, dividend policy is also affected by participants in the financial market like investors, creditors, and auditors. These financial stakeholders' behaviors are important to stock prices. Due to the agency problem, creditors have high incentives to restrict firm's dividend payments in order to protect their benefits. On the other hand, creditors are effective external monitors who help firms improve their corporate governance. Outside investors affect corporate dividend policy through their valuation. Firms pay more dividends if investors prefer dividends to capital gains. Auditors play the role of a third-party monitor, and thus, they help firms reduce managers' expropriation of shareholders and improve the quality of accounting information. Furthermore, we also investigate dividend policy of regulated industries in both financial sector (banking, insurance, and real estate) and utilities sector (energy, telecommunications, and transportation).

This chapter introduces dividend smoothing, presents theories to explain dividend smoothing behavior, and analyzes how different levels of business environment affect dividend smoothing. First, dividend smoothing describes a mechanism in which a firm is reluctant to reduce dividends and only increases dividends when its earnings increase permanently. In practice, dividend smoothing behavior is found in both developed and developing countries. Firms in developed countries are more likely to smooth dividends than those in developing countries. Second, although Miller and Modigliani (1961) posit that investors are indifferent between stable and unstable dividend payments in a perfect environment, market frictions in the real world make stable and unstable dividends have different effects on firm value. Three common frictions are information asymmetry, agency problem, and investors' demand for income smoothing. Due to information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders, firms tend to smooth their dividends to signal outside investors about their quality. In addition, dividend smoothing may be the substitute for weak corporate governance and/or the outcome of free cash absorption behavior. Besides, dividends are more convenient for investors' consumption; therefore, firms are more likely to smooth dividends in order to satisfy investors' demand for smooth income. Finally, as a special dividend decision, dividend smoothing is also affected by an internal micro (industry) and macro-environment. Dividend smoothing theories are the behind mechanisms to explain these effects.

This paper aims to investigate whether the level of social capital of the region in which a firm is headquartered affects its tax avoidance activities. Social capital can be defined as the mutual trust in society and literature shows that firms headquartered in high social capital regions exhibit higher level of corporate social responsibility. Recent research suggests that some stakeholders consider tax avoidance as a socially irresponsible and illegitimate activity, whereas others deem corporate tax payments as detrimental to social welfare because they hurt economic development. Building on this debate, the relationship between social capital and tax avoidance is empirically investigated.

A sample of 52,962 firm-year observations over the period 1990-2014 was used to empirically investigate the relationship between social capital and tax avoidance.

Consistent with the idea that managers consider corporate tax payments as a socially responsible action, evidence was found that firms headquartered in areas with high social capital engage significantly less in tax avoidance activities. It was also documented that the negative impact of social capital on tax avoidance is stronger in the presence of high religiosity, high corporate performance and lower sensitivity of CEO’s compensation to stock volatility.

This paper extends research on social capital and improves the understanding of the effect of the social environment on managerial decision. Importantly, by studying the relationship between social capital and tax avoidance, the authors add to the recent debate on companies’ perception of the desirability of tax avoidance activities from a social viewpoint.

The financial supply chain, running parallel to the flow of goods and information, is common to all economic supply networks, and its integration with the physical supply chain is therefore a critical and ubiquitous aspect of supply chain integration (SCI) largely ignored in the literature. This paper aims to develop a model of physical and financial SCI, which is based on a process view from both buyers' and suppliers' perspectives, and explores the role of banks in enabling SCI.

The paper reports an exploratory study of the role of banks in improving SCI, by presenting a case study analysis of two international banks.

The findings show that banks can support buyers and suppliers by contributing to the enablers of SCI, namely coordination, collaboration, information sharing and information visibility.

The research is limited in that it is explorative; further studies are required in order to quantify the impact of banks' interventions on SCI.

Improved SCI requires an understanding of the flow of physical and financial resources across supply networks. Banks can help buyers and suppliers develop a more holistic understanding of the supply chain, thus improving integration and optimising working capital.

The paper presents a process model of physical/financial SCI which uniquely recognises the role of banks in enabling buyers and suppliers to improve SCI, synchronisation and performance.

This review analyzes the existing theoretical and empirical research on the relation between corporate taxation and corporate social responsibility (CSR). By synthesizing the current literature regarding the directional relation between tax avoidance and CSR, the authors are able to identify areas where further research on this relation should be targeted to maximize the public interest.

The authors conduct a literature review of articles published in leading journals in the fields of accounting, finance and management. Reputable working papers are included to support emerging trends in the research and suggest meaningful paths forward.

The literature reveals a complex relation between corporate tax avoidance and CSR. The published research offers theoretical and empirical support for both a substitutive and a complementary directional relation. An actionable takeaway from this review is that corporate taxation must be considered jointly with CSR when seeking to maximize the public interest.

The authors find a rapid influx of research over the past decade that explores the complex directional relation between corporate tax avoidance and CSR. This review will be useful to researchers that are interested in moving beyond a directional characterization of this relation. By synthesizing both established and emerging literature, the authors provide a foundation and direction for future research to examine issues that may directly inform tax or firm policies to increase overall stakeholder welfare.

This study aims to find whether the Indian private corporate sector follow stable cash dividend policies, whether dividends smoothen earnings, estimate the implicit target dividend ratio, and examine the determinants along with speed of adjustment of dividends towards a long run target ratio.

The study uses the instrumental variable (IV) approach for dynamic panel data for 1971‐2010 periods controlling for economic reforms. The GMM‐in‐levels model, GMM‐in‐first‐differences and GMM‐in‐systems are alternatively estimated to include other lag structures.

In the post‐reform period lower dividends are consistent with rapid growth in the economic environment and the tendency to smoothen dividends has considerably decreased over time. The estimated model suggests dividends substitute for less opportunity for internal growth and increased general likening to relatively retain their earnings and finance their growth, unlike the past.

Limitation to capture substitution, ownership and self selection effects stems up from data as the Annual Studies RBI does not include such variables, does not capture qualitative data and disallows identification of the firm.

The paper documents long run trends and inter‐temporal dividend patterns controlling economic reforms for a relatively larger number of public limited firms nearing four decades for an emerging economy.

This is a first attempt to take a holistic view of dividend using rich set of unexplored dynamic panel data on Indian firms controlling for reforms using contemporary econometric models and analyzes issues relating determinants, smoothening and stability of the corporate dividend structure.

The purpose of this paper is to establish whether inefficiency in a tax system and the likely difficulty in resolving tax matters can reduce the appeal for tax shield as incentive for debt financing, and by so doing exacerbate the cases of tax fraud.

A review approach/theoretical approach is adopted in the paper, where, in addition to reviewing literature on the relationship between tax incentives and corporate financing, the paper examines the structure of the Nigerian tax system, the gaps, and some pending tax cases involving foreign firms in Nigeria. Based on some theoretical judgments, efforts were made to link the rising cases of tax frauds to the dwindling appeal for tax shield as an incentive for the use of debt.

The study reveals that, as in the case of Nigeria, an environment of multiple tax system reduces incentives to pay tax or for voluntary compliance; that the exclusion of crucial non‐debt tax shelters such as depreciation, heightens pressure on the use of debt‐based tax shelters; and that controversies on deductibility make it difficult to distinguish between criminal and civil proceedings in tax cases.

The paper is only theoretical. The number of cases captured is very limited. However, the issue of tax frauds among corporate entities in the country remains very popular.

The paper is the first to examine the likelihood of an inefficient tax environment to reduce the appeal of tax shield as an incentive to debt financing.

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale and model to measure suppliers' satisfaction index (SSI) in buyer‐suppliers relationships.

Based on the literature review and opinion of the suppliers, this paper first explores the factors that influence suppliers' satisfaction (SS). Subsequently a questionnaire is designed based on these factors and survey was conducted among 300 suppliers' organizations. Partial least square (PLS) approach is used to validate the model and investigate the relationships of factors or constructs with SS. Finally, the authors compute the extent of SSI using analytical hierarchy process (AHP).

The results indicate that purchase policy, payment policy, coordination policy and corporate image of the buying firm have positive impact on SS. The purchase policy and corporate image have strong impact on SS compared to other factors. The computed value of SSI in this study is 65.25 on the scale of 1‐100.

The data used in this study are collected only from the suppliers of an Indian PSU. The proposed method can also be used by other industries for measuring the value of SS. In the future, one can carry out a study by measuring the satisfaction of both parties simultaneously. Moreover, generalizability of the findings to other industries or other countries is open to scrutiny.

This paper develops a new scale to measure SS and explores the relationships of different factors with SS and among each other. Finally, a method is proposed to compute the current level of SSI.

This study examines the moderating effect of XBRL mandatory adoption on the association between managerial ability and corporate tax outcomes.

This study used a quantitative method with panel data regression models using a sample of listed firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2019.

The regression results indicate that XBRL adoption moderates the relationship between managerial ability on tax avoidance and tax risk. Firms with higher managerial ability have relatively greater tax avoidance practices and lower tax risk following XBRL adoption. In this study, the authors document unfavorable and unexpected consequences of XBRL in an emerging country.

Results are from a sample of firms from one emerging country.

It becomes important and necessary to develop more and better taxonomies with standardized extensions related to taxes information in the XBRL financial reporting to support the tax administrator’s performance in assessing firms’ tax avoidance and tax risk. The authors underscore the importance of improving taxes tags, including tags from financial statements and the disclosure section. This study may also inform policymakers in other countries that more adequate tax tags are needed to leverage benefit from XBRL adoption in monitoring and assessing corporate tax avoidance and tax risk.

This study is among the first to test an explanation for the moderating role of XBRL adoption on the association between managerial ability and corporate tax avoidance and tax risk.