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1 – 10 of over 1000
Open Access
Article
Publication date: 11 January 2024

Ameni Ghenimi, Hasna Chaibi and Mohamed Ali Omri

The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of whether Islamic banks was more or less resilient/risky than…

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of whether Islamic banks was more or less resilient/risky than conventional counterparts to the pandemic shock. It also examines the role of capital in improving the performance and stability within the two banking systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses 82 banks from MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region for periods across 2011–2020, and employs a dynamic panel data approach to examine the resilience within both banking systems during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Findings

The results show that the Covid-19 pandemic has a negative impact on conventional banks' stability. However, Islamic banks performed better and were less risky than conventional ones. Banks with high-quality capital are more effective at controlling their risks and improving their performance during the pandemic.

Practical implications

The results offer important financial observations and policy implications to many stakeholders engaging with banks. Actually, the findings of this study facilitate to the stakeholders and bankers to have an alluded picture about determinants of risk and performance. The results can be used by bankers’ policy decision-makers to improve and enhance their consideration for risk management, taking into consideration the type of banking systems.

Originality/value

Compared to the various studies on the stability of Islamic and conventional banks, researchers have not sufficiently addressed the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on risk and performance. Moreover, none of these studies has examined if Islamic banks was more or less resilient/risky than conventional counterparts to the pandemic shock. This leads the authors to identify the similarities and differences between two types of banks in the MENA region in a pandemic shock context.

Details

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1985-9899

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 6 August 2018

Fekri Ali Shawtari, Milad Abdelnabi Salem and Izzeldin Bakhit

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the efficiency types of Islamic and conventional banks. It seeks to show whether the efficiency level of conventional and…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the efficiency types of Islamic and conventional banks. It seeks to show whether the efficiency level of conventional and Islamic banks significantly differs from each other. In addition, it investigates the influential factors on each type of efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilises the data envelopment analysis in its windows version to estimate the efficiency scores reflecting the time variance and compares between banking models. The paper uses pure technical efficiency (TE) and scale efficiency to achieve the objective of the study. In addition, the panel data technique is adopted to assess the determinants of the efficiency of the banks econometrically.

Findings

The findings of panel regression initially indicate that the pure TE is higher for conventional banks compared to Islamic banks. However, the Islamic banks are more scale efficient than their conventional counterpart. Macro and micro indicators have different impacts on the both types of efficiency. However, the unique factors that show consistent influence on the efficiency types were loans/finance, non-interest income/finance/liquidity and GDP. Furthermore, the determinants are shaped differently for Islamic and conventional banks when the banking model is controlled for.

Originality/value

This paper examines the efficiency types using a unique window analysis approach to examine the types of efficiency with a longitudinal set of data from 1996 to 2011.

Details

Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 25 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-5771

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 16 June 2021

Achraf Haddad, Anis El Ammari and Abdelfattah Bouri

This study aims to test empirically the differences between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of impacts of the audit committees' quality on financial performance between…

3240

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to test empirically the differences between Islamic and conventional banks in terms of impacts of the audit committees' quality on financial performance between Subprime and Corona crises.

Design/methodology/approach

The variables are articulated in four hypotheses tested by the GLS analysis. The data were collected via DATASTREAM and from banks' annual reports. The collected data covered four continents: America, Asia, Africa and Europe. The financial performance measures and audit committee's determinants of the conventional and Islamic banks concerned 112 banks of each type after the Subprime crisis and before the Corona crisis (2010–2019).

Findings

Results showed that the audit committee reduced the profitability of two bank types. Moreover, it harmed the conventional banks' efficiency, but reported an unclear effect within Islamic banks. Even so, the authors noticed that the audit committee had a positive impact for the conventional banks' liquidity, while the same effect was apparently ambiguous on the Islamic banks' liquidity. For solvency, the audit committee positively influenced conventional banks, while it affected that of Islamic banks.

Research limitations/implications

Empirically, the authors’ results can serve as a reference for decision-makers allowing to clarify the data on the financial competitiveness of two bank types to facilitate the planning of strategic performance programs based on the audit committee quality. Theoretically, researchers found that the differences between the results are due to the audit committee quality of each bank type or to the financial performance evaluation method. However, there are further factors that are related to the research peculiarities, the methodology, the data and the interpretation.

Originality/value

Based on the comparative literature review between conventional and Islamic banks, this study is the first conditional and comparative research between the audit committee quality and the financial performance of conventional and Islamic banks in a specific period (after Subprime and before Corona crises).

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 2 April 2019

Ahmad Sahyouni and Man Wang

Islamic banks have significantly different balance sheets from their conventional counterparts, leading to different implications in relation to liquidity creation compared to…

7884

Abstract

Purpose

Islamic banks have significantly different balance sheets from their conventional counterparts, leading to different implications in relation to liquidity creation compared to conventional banks. This work, first, investigates the liquidity creation of conventional and Islamic banks in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries between 2011 and 2016. It then tests the relationship between liquidity creation and performance of these banks.

Design/methodology/approach

It uses the data of 491 commercial banks across 18 MENA countries between 2011 and 2016. The analysis is based on panel data techniques.

Findings

The banks created US$18.596 trillion of liquidity, about 28.4% of total assets. Conventional banks created more liquidity compared with Islamic banks. Nevertheless, Islamic banks created more liquidity per asset compared with conventional banks. The regression analysis revealed a significant and negative correlation between liquidity creation and performance of the banks using return on average equity (ROAE) measure. However, no significant relationship is observed between liquidity creation and return on average assets (ROAA) of MENA banks. Moreover, there is no difference between Islamic and conventional banks in the relation between liquidity creation and bank performance.

Research limitations/implications

The data are limited to the period 2011-2016; the period of this study was selected based on yearly data availability from the data source. Accounting measures were used to study the effect of liquidity creation on bank profitability, and the market-based measures were excluded, as there is no uniform sources in these countries that can be used to collect market-based data.

Practical implications

Bank managers must reach a trade-off between the advantages and disadvantages of liquidity creation, as well as consider the negative relationship between liquidity creation and bank performance when making their decisions.

Originality/value

First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first to analyse the relationship between the liquidity creation and performance of conventional and Islamic banks in MENA. Second, this study uses a sample of Islamic and conventional banks in MENA that have detailed information on the Orbis Bank Focus dataset, which is the most comprehensive database of commercial banks in the MENA region.

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0128-1976

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 26 August 2020

Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq, Tanmay Biswas and Shukla Proshad Dola

This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of managerial ownership on bank value concerning conventional and Islamic bank. The analysis uses a balanced panel data set…

2778

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of managerial ownership on bank value concerning conventional and Islamic bank. The analysis uses a balanced panel data set based on a sample consisting of 480 bank-year observations between 2003 and 2017.

Design/methodology/approach

Ordinary least squares, fixed effect and random effect have been used primarily to examine the relationship between managerial ownership and banks' value. Later, the authors validate the core results by using the generalized linear model.

Findings

This study provides general support for the claim of interest alignment that encourages bank standards with a high level of managerial ownership and partly opposes the view of the entrenchment effects.In addition, the study finds a U-shaped and insignificant relation between managerial ownership and bank value. This indicates that initially, managerial ownership is a blessing, and later, it becomes a curse in considering bank value. Moreover, bank value affects managerial ownership positively both for conventional and Islamic banks.

Originality/value

A good number of studies are available in the current literature, which examine the impact of managerial ownership on either bank performance or risk-taking. However, very few studies are found that examine the bidirectional relationship between managerial ownership and banks' value. Moreover, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there is a dearth of literature on this topic that is built on the comparative analysis between conventional and Islamic banks.

Details

Asian Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 5 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2443-4175

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 18 October 2018

Muhamed Zulkhibri

This paper aims to examine the distributional differences of Islamic bank financing responses to financing rate across bank-specific characteristics in dual banking system. The…

9667

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the distributional differences of Islamic bank financing responses to financing rate across bank-specific characteristics in dual banking system. The study also aims to provide understanding of how efficiently Islamic banks perform their roles as suppliers of capital for businesses and entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses panel regression methodology covering all Islamic banks in Malaysia. The study estimates the benchmark model for Islamic bank financing with respect to bank characteristics and monetary policy.

Findings

The evidence suggests that bank-specific characteristics are important in determining Islamic financing behaviour. The Islamic financing behaviour is consistent with conventional lending behaviour that the Islamic bank financing operates depending on the level of bank size, liquidity and capital. There is no significant difference between Islamic bank financing and conventional bank lending behaviour with respect to changes in monetary policy.

Originality/value

Many problems and challenges relating to Islamic financing instruments, financial markets and regulations must be addressed and resolved. In practice, it would be a good idea if Islamic banks move away from developing debt-based instruments and concentrate more efforts to develop profit and loss sharing instruments.

Details

Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, vol. 23 no. 46
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2077-1886

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 16 April 2019

Ahmad Al-Harbi

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of internal and external variables on the profitability of conventional banks operating on developing and underdeveloped…

10238

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of internal and external variables on the profitability of conventional banks operating on developing and underdeveloped countries, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) states.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the author uses ordinary least squares fixed-effects model on an unbalanced panel data set of all conventional banks operating in OIC countries (52 countries included from 57) over the period 1989-2008, 686 banks.

Findings

The results suggest that equity, foreign ownership, off-balance sheet (OBS) activities, real gross domestic product growth, real interest rate and concentration foster banks’ profitability. In addition, the results showed that the banking sector development and loans will increase banks’ profitability in the long run in the countries of the studies. In contrast, the study reported that deposits lower profitability. The study also revealed that GDP per capita, market capitalization and banks size have no impact on profitability.

Practical implications

The findings of this study have considerable policy implications. First, policymakers need to regulate nontraditional activities to avoid any financial crisis because banks in OIC countries are heavily engaged in nontraditional activities to boost its profit. Second, policymakers are advised to improve the deposit insurance system to insure the stability of the financial system as well as improving banks’ profitability. Third, policymakers need to improve the efficiency of the stock market, maintain small banking system and encourage foreign investments in the banking system.

Originality/value

The paper adds to the literature on the commercial bank’s profitability determinants. In particular, such study has not been conducted on OIC countries, and the study included all mainstream banks and incorporated the effect of deposit insurance system so far. Also, pure sample of conventional banks used as many conventional banks in OIC countries have Islamic windows or offer Islamic products. In addition, this study investigated the effect of OBS activities on net interest margin (NIM) because the studies that explored this interrelationship are limited especially for developing and under developed countries. The results showed that OBS activities contributed significantly and positively to return on assets and NIM. Moreover, this paper used a pure sample of conventional banks to avoid any biasness; see data section. Moreover, this study gives an idea about the economic situation and financial conditions of OIC countries during the period of the study.

Details

Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, vol. 24 no. 47
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2077-1886

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 7 November 2023

Malika Neifar and Leila Gharbi

This paper aims to determine whether Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) in Tunisia are distinguishable from one another based on financial characteristics during the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to determine whether Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) in Tunisia are distinguishable from one another based on financial characteristics during the 2005–2014 period covering the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) and the 2011 Tunisian revolution.

Design/methodology/approach

For the comparison between IBs and CBs, 11 hypotheses are formulated to distinguish between the two types of banks. The authors use a univariate analysis based on the multi-dimension figures investigation and a multivariate one based on the robust OLS technique for panel linear regression with mixed effects.

Findings

Bank-specific factors, dummy and dummy interacting variables indicate that there are differences between Islamic and conventional bank behavior. Both methods show that IBs are more liquid, more profitable and riskier than CBs. Post-2011 Tunisian revolution, small IBs (small CBs) are more (less) solvent, large IBs are more stable and both types of banks are more liquid, which explain why Tunisian governments have relay on bank system to cover budget deficits post-2011 revolution.

Originality/value

In investigating the feature of IBs and CBs from the Tunisian context, the authors take into account the effect of two abnormal events (2008 GFC and 2011 Tunisian revolution) on IBs through interaction variables.

Details

Islamic Economic Studies, vol. 31 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1319-1616

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 5 April 2022

Farhana Afroj

This paper investigates the financial strength of banks in Bangladesh and factors affecting the financial strength over the years 2010–2015 on 35 banks.

4082

Abstract

Purpose

This paper investigates the financial strength of banks in Bangladesh and factors affecting the financial strength over the years 2010–2015 on 35 banks.

Design/methodology/approach

Additive value function with CAMEL rating (capital stength, asset quality, managerial efficiency, earning ability, liquidity) has been employed to calculate banks’ financial strength index (FSI). In the second stage, panel regression has been exercised to find out the determinants of banks’ financial strength.

Findings

Empirical finding exhibits that the Islamic banks of Bangladesh are financially stronger and outperform conventional and Islamic window banks with higher liquidity. In the ownership category, private banks have more financial strength with higher capital strength, asset quality, managerial efficiency and earning ability than public banks. Bank size, loan recovery, salary and banking sector development positively affect whereas the loan-asset negatively affect the bank’s financial strength in Bangladesh.

Research limitations/implications

This study has its limitations despite its importance. CAMELS is a more improved form than using CAMEL. But because of the data deficiency on “S” which represents sensitivity, it would not be possible to use CAMELS framework. Further researchers could incorporate this.

Practical implications

Government and banks should allow Islamic banks to enter the market on easy terms because of their outstanding performance in the existing market. In addition, banks should provide loans with consideration so that they cannot create credit risk. In addition, they should calculate composite financial strength annually to understand which components they need to work on.

Originality/value

This study extends the extant result on the composite FSI. It is hard to examine the financial strength of banks using only ratio value, which misleads most of the time. The study offers evidence on how the FSI provides more rigorous results and what are the factors contribute most to the financial strength of banks.

Details

Asian Journal of Economics and Banking, vol. 6 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2615-9821

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 12 November 2018

Fekri Ali Mohammed Shawtari

The purpose of this paper is to examine bank performance using the different performance measures, namely, return on assets, return on equity and bank margins (MAR).

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine bank performance using the different performance measures, namely, return on assets, return on equity and bank margins (MAR).

Design/methodology/approach

Unbalanced panel data were constructed to test the related hypotheses and provide evidence on the relationship between ownership types, banking models and performance indicators adopting the random effects techniques.

Findings

The findings of the paper substantiate that the banking models are significant performance indicators. However, the results are contingent on the GDP growth of the country. Moreover, the evidence indicates that the impact of ownership types is inconclusive in all measures of performance. However, the GDP is significant when it interacts with the types of ownership, particularly for foreign and government banks, although the evidence is mixed and unfavourable for government banks.

Practical implications

The results of the study provide insights for bankers and policymakers to enhancement Yemen’s banking sector.

Originality/value

This study is considered as the first attempt in examining the role of banking model and ownership type and their link to banking model.

Details

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 67 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-0401

Keywords

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