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21 – 30 of over 5000Despite an apparent increase in investment and commitment over the last ten years, more recent studies now give grounds for reservations about overall ability of management…
Abstract
Despite an apparent increase in investment and commitment over the last ten years, more recent studies now give grounds for reservations about overall ability of management development to meet the challenges of radical change and fulfil its strategic potential. Argues that the constraints imposed by a complex array of contextual influences emanating from an increasingly turbulent organisational system pose risks to investment and commitment in development. Unless these influences can be managed effectively, management development may start to lag behind or fall out of synchronisation with the needs and demands of managers and their employing organisations. Examines the case for a shift towards a more situated and contextual view of management development where the complex dynamics induced by radical change are considered and managed alongside or even ahead of development strategies and approaches. Posits a framework for a more relational approach and explores some of the issues this raises.
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Yuan Ye, Xiaosong (david) Peng, Raymond Lei Fan and Arunachalam Narayanan
Drawing on transaction cost economics (TCE) theory and organizational information processing theory (OIPT), this study investigates how the alignments between the characteristics…
Abstract
Purpose
Drawing on transaction cost economics (TCE) theory and organizational information processing theory (OIPT), this study investigates how the alignments between the characteristics of service (i.e. task complexity and measurement ambiguity) and governance mechanisms (i.e. contract specificity and monitoring) can affect service performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a rigorously designed survey to collect data from professionals who manage service outsourcing contracts in various industries. The respondent pool consists of randomly selected members of the Institute of Supply Management (ISM). The authors’ research question is analyzed using 261 completed and useable responses. Structural equation modeling is adopted to examine the data and test the proposed hypotheses.
Findings
The authors find that both contract specificity and monitoring have a positive impact on supplier performance. Further, for high task complexity services, contract specificity is more effective than monitoring, and for high measurement ambiguity services, the opposite is true. Moreover, the effect of contract specificity is mediated by monitoring.
Practical implications
Service outsourcers should use both contract specificity and monitoring in governing outsourced services and know that the former depends on the latter during execution. Facing resource constraints, they can prioritize crafting detailed contract provisions over implementing monitoring for highly complex services but consider monitoring as the primary governance tool in services whose outcomes are difficult to measure.
Originality/value
This study is the first to couple TCE with OPIT and consider the nature of outsourced services in the choice of governance mechanisms and empirically test the simultaneous effects of contract specificity and monitoring in the context of service outsourcing.
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Accurate documentation of damaged or destroyed historical buildings to protect cultural heritage has been on the agenda of architecture for many years. In that sense, this study…
Abstract
Purpose
Accurate documentation of damaged or destroyed historical buildings to protect cultural heritage has been on the agenda of architecture for many years. In that sense, this study uses machine learning (ML) to predict missing/damaged parts of historical buildings within the scope of early ottoman tombs.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs), a subset of ML to predict missing/damaged parts of historical buildings within the scope of early Ottoman tombs. This paper discusses that using GAN as a ML framework is an efficient method for estimating missing/damaged parts of historical buildings. The study uses the plan drawings of nearly 200 historical buildings, which were prepared one by one as a data set for the ML process.
Findings
The study contributes to the field by (1) generating a mixed methodological framework, (2) validating the effectiveness of the proposed framework in the restitution of historical buildings and (3) assessing the contextual dependency of the generated data. The paper provides insights into how ML can be used in the conservation of architectural heritage. It suggests that using a comprehensive data set in the process can be highly effective in getting successful results. The findings of the research will be a reference for new studies on the conservation of cultural heritage with ML and will make a significant contribution to the literature.
Research limitations/implications
A reliable outcome has been obtained concerning the interpretation of documented data and the generation of missing data at the macro level. The framework is remarkably effective when it comes to the identification and re-generation of missing architectural components like walls, domes, windows, doors, etc. on a macro level without details. On the other hand, the proposed methodological framework is not ready for advanced steps of restitution since every case of architectural heritage is very detailed and unique. Therefore, the proposed framework for re-generation of missing components of heritage buildings is limited by the basic geometrical form which means the architectural details of the mentioned components including ornaments, materials, identification of construction layers, etc. are not covered.
Originality/value
The generic literature as to ML models used in architecture mostly constitutes design exploration and floor plan/urban layout generation. More specific studies in the conservation of architectural heritage by using ML mostly focus on architectural component recognition over 3D point cloud data (1) or superficial damage detection of heritage buildings (2). However, we propose a mixed methodological framework for the interpretation of documented architectural data and the regeneration of missing parts of historical buildings. In addition, the methodology and the results of this paper constitute a guide for further research on ML and consequently contribute to architects in the early phases of restitution.
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Tarun Jaiswal, Manju Pandey and Priyanka Tripathi
The purpose of this study is to investigate and demonstrate the advancements achieved in the field of chest X-ray image captioning through the utilization of dynamic convolutional…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate and demonstrate the advancements achieved in the field of chest X-ray image captioning through the utilization of dynamic convolutional encoder–decoder networks (DyCNN). Typical convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are unable to capture both local and global contextual information effectively and apply a uniform operation to all pixels in an image. To address this, we propose an innovative approach that integrates a dynamic convolution operation at the encoder stage, improving image encoding quality and disease detection. In addition, a decoder based on the gated recurrent unit (GRU) is used for language modeling, and an attention network is incorporated to enhance consistency. This novel combination allows for improved feature extraction, mimicking the expertise of radiologists by selectively focusing on important areas and producing coherent captions with valuable clinical information.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, we have presented a new report generation approach that utilizes dynamic convolution applied Resnet-101 (DyCNN) as an encoder (Verelst and Tuytelaars, 2019) and GRU as a decoder (Dey and Salemt, 2017; Pan et al., 2020), along with an attention network (see Figure 1). This integration innovatively extends the capabilities of image encoding and sequential caption generation, representing a shift from conventional CNN architectures. With its ability to dynamically adapt receptive fields, the DyCNN excels at capturing features of varying scales within the CXR images. This dynamic adaptability significantly enhances the granularity of feature extraction, enabling precise representation of localized abnormalities and structural intricacies. By incorporating this flexibility into the encoding process, our model can distil meaningful and contextually rich features from the radiographic data. While the attention mechanism enables the model to selectively focus on different regions of the image during caption generation. The attention mechanism enhances the report generation process by allowing the model to assign different importance weights to different regions of the image, mimicking human perception. In parallel, the GRU-based decoder adds a critical dimension to the process by ensuring a smooth, sequential generation of captions.
Findings
The findings of this study highlight the significant advancements achieved in chest X-ray image captioning through the utilization of dynamic convolutional encoder–decoder networks (DyCNN). Experiments conducted using the IU-Chest X-ray datasets showed that the proposed model outperformed other state-of-the-art approaches. The model achieved notable scores, including a BLEU_1 score of 0.591, a BLEU_2 score of 0.347, a BLEU_3 score of 0.277 and a BLEU_4 score of 0.155. These results highlight the efficiency and efficacy of the model in producing precise radiology reports, enhancing image interpretation and clinical decision-making.
Originality/value
This work is the first of its kind, which employs DyCNN as an encoder to extract features from CXR images. In addition, GRU as the decoder for language modeling was utilized and the attention mechanisms into the model architecture were incorporated.
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Bo Edvardsson, Pennie Frow, Elina Jaakkola, Timothy Lee Keiningham, Kaisa Koskela-Huotari, Cristina Mele and Alastair Tombs
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of context in service innovation by developing a conceptual framework that illuminates the key elements and trends in context…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of context in service innovation by developing a conceptual framework that illuminates the key elements and trends in context change.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a service ecosystem lens for understanding how elements and trends in context foster service innovation. A conceptual framework identifying the role of context change in fostering service innovation is developed and justified through illustrations across industry settings of health, retailing, banking and education.
Findings
Context change is conceptualized by three trends – speed, granularity and liquification – that provide an analytical foundation for understanding how changes in the elements of context – space, resources and institutional arrangements – can foster service innovation. The analysis indicates emerging patterns across industries that allow exploring scenarios, grounded in emerging trends and developments in service innovation toward 2050.
Practical implications
Managers are offered a framework to guide service innovation and help them prepare for the future. The paper also suggests areas for further research.
Originality/value
The paper contributes with a new conceptualization of context change to identify and explain service innovation opportunities. Managers are offered a framework to guide service innovation and help them prepare for 2050. The paper also suggests areas for further service innovation research, zooming in on contextual changes to prepare for 2050.
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Hervé Debar and Jouni Viinikka
Security information management (SIM) has emerged recently as a strong need to ensure the ongoing security of information systems. However, deploying a SIM and the associated…
Abstract
Purpose
Security information management (SIM) has emerged recently as a strong need to ensure the ongoing security of information systems. However, deploying a SIM and the associated sensors is a challenge in any organization, as the complexity and cost of such a project are difficult to bear. This paper aims to present an architecture for outsourcing a SIM platform, and discuss the issues associated with the deployment of such an environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is an overview of the typical SIM and a possible architecture for its outsourcing.
Findings
The paper explains that the day‐to‐day operation of a SIM is beyond the financial capabilities of all but the largest organizations, as the SIM must be monitored constantly to ensure timely reaction to alerts. Many managed security services providers (MSSP), therefore, propose outsourcing the alert management activities. Sensors are deployed within the customer's infrastructure, and the alerts are sent to the outsourced SIM along with additional log information.
Originality/value
The paper illustrates that intrusion detection and SIM as two important and active research domains for information systems security.
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The creation of customized, technology-based services is highly dependent on experience-based knowledge embodied in individual expert employees. Therefore, knowledge upgrading…
Abstract
Purpose
The creation of customized, technology-based services is highly dependent on experience-based knowledge embodied in individual expert employees. Therefore, knowledge upgrading through recruitment is fundamental to advanced services firms. Paying particular attention to the role of pre-existing knowledge bases and organisational contexts, this paper aims to investigate how software services firms search and select new employees. By doing so, it addresses an underdeveloped part of the human resource management (HRM) literature that concerns the relationship between recruitment and organisational learning.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis uses qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews with HR managers and executives in 12 software firms located in the Norwegian capital, and supplementary information from technologists’ CVs. The firms are strategically chosen to support conceptual development and to allow theoretical generalizations that have relevance for practitioners, and for future research.
Findings
The findings point to a challenging tension associated with the need to create stable individual knowledge linkages internally in consultancy-based business environments where technologists tend to develop their careers through external labour market mobility.
Practical implications
Mangers should reflect upon the balance between external and internal competence investments. The creation of an organisational labour market represents one way of co-investing in integrative capabilities and thus of avoiding over-dependency on external sources of knowledge.
Originality/value
The study provides a conceptual model linking recruitment to organisational learning, and emphasises the importance of knowledge management functions at the intersection between external labour markets and the internal organisation.
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Kimmo Alajoutsijärvi and Kerttu Kettunen
The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for identifying the primary tensions that business school dean’s encounter when moving between different university…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for identifying the primary tensions that business school dean’s encounter when moving between different university contexts.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is part of a larger research project on the development of business schools. This conceptual paper builds on the studies and personal experiences of business schools and their management in a number of different countries, primarily in Europe, North America, Asia, and the Middle East.
Findings
The present study argues that as a response to the increasing corporatization of higher education, the university sector has fragmented into at least three identifiable contexts: the traditional research university, the academic capitalist university, and the corporate university. The authors conclude that the match between a dean’s worldview and the university context ultimately determines the appropriateness, survival, and success of deanship.
Practical implications
The paper provides practical suggestions for managing business schools. Given that “good” leadership is always context dependent, no single deanship would fit for all business schools. As an outcome, both deans and the selection committees making decisions regarding their recruitment should be sensitive to their worldviews originating from the university contexts in which they previously worked.
Originality/value
Emphasizing a contextual approach to business school leadership, this paper proposes a new typology of deanship situations.
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Marie Marchand and Louis Raymond
Considering performance measurement and management systems (PMMS) to be “mission-critical” information systems for many business organisations, calls have been made for…
Abstract
Purpose
Considering performance measurement and management systems (PMMS) to be “mission-critical” information systems for many business organisations, calls have been made for researchers to shift from studying the use of such systems to studying their “effective” use, and in so doing to focus on their characterisation as information technology (IT) artefacts. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
In seeking to answer these calls, the authors apply Burton-Jones and Grange’s theoretical framework to study the dimensions, contextual drivers and benefits of the effective use of PMMS. This is done through a field study of 16 PMMS artefacts as used in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Findings
In characterising, contextualising and valuing the effective use of PMMS, this study provides answers to the following questions: What constitutes the effective use of PMMS? What are the user, artefactual and task-related drivers of such use? And what are the benefits for SMEs of using performance measurement and management (PMM) systems effectively?
Practical implications
With regard to the design of a PMMS artefact, the findings imply that one should concentrate on those artefactual attributes that most enable informed action on the part of owner-managers, as it is these actions have the greater consequences for the realisation of IT business value in SMEs. Moreover, the nomological network resulting from this research provides the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of a diagnostic tool meant to develop the PMM function in SMEs.
Originality/value
This study provides further empirical grounding and understanding. This study provides further empirical grounding and understanding of the concept of effective use, as well as further applicability and actionability to this concept and to the nomological network of its dimensions, contextual drivers and benefits in the case of PMMS and in the context of SMEs.
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This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can be used in studying the changing nature of management control in organizations. It is based on four components of the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can be used in studying the changing nature of management control in organizations. It is based on four components of the management control system, namely: organizational structure and strategy; corporate culture; management information systems; and core control package.
Design/methodology/approach
A range of published works is reviewed to explore the nature of management control.
Findings
The conceptual framework developed in the paper can be used in studying the changing nature of management control in organizations.
Research limitations/implications
This is not an empirical investigation of management control.
Originality/value
The framework presented in this article is useful to both practitioners and researchers of management control.
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