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1 – 10 of over 8000
Article
Publication date: 2 August 2021

Tengjiang Yu, Haitao Zhang, Junfeng Sun, Yabo Wang, Shuang Huang and Dan Chen

Using typical structure of asphalt pavement in Harbin area of China, and the formula of generalized friction coefficient between base and surface layers of asphalt pavement in…

Abstract

Purpose

Using typical structure of asphalt pavement in Harbin area of China, and the formula of generalized friction coefficient between base and surface layers of asphalt pavement in cold area is established.

Design/methodology/approach

Through structural characteristics analysis of asphalt pavement in cold area, the generalized formula of friction coefficient between base and surface layers of asphalt pavement in cold area is derived. The formula can quickly calculate the friction coefficient between layers of asphalt pavement.

Findings

Based on quantitative analysis to the contacting state between layers of asphalt pavement in cold area, the relationships between generalized friction coefficient and resilient modulus of asphalt mixtures, temperature shrinkage coefficient and temperature have been established.

Originality/value

The findings can enrich the description methods about the contacting state between layers of asphalt pavement, and have a certain theoretical and practical value. Through the application of the formula of generalized friction coefficient between layers, it can provide a technical basis for the asphalt pavement design, construction and maintenance in cold area.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1999

Paul T. Vianco

An overview has been presented on the topic of alternative surface finishes for package I/Os and circuit board features. Aspects of processability and solder joint reliability…

1318

Abstract

An overview has been presented on the topic of alternative surface finishes for package I/Os and circuit board features. Aspects of processability and solder joint reliability were described for the following coatings: baseline hot‐dipped, plated, and plated‐and‐fused 100Sn and Sn‐Pb coatings; Ni/Au; Pd, Ni/Pd, and Ni/Pd/Au finishes; and the recently marketed immersion Ag coatings. The Ni/Au coatings appear to provide the all‐around best options in terms of solderability protection and wire bondability. Nickel/Pd finishes offer a slightly reduced level of performance in these areas which is most likely due to variable Pd surface conditions. It is necessary to minimize dissolved Au or Pd contents in the solder material to prevent solder joint embrittlement. Ancillary aspects that include thickness measurement techniques; the importance of finish compatibility with conformal coatings and conductive adhesives; and the need for alternative finishes for the processing of non‐Pb bearing solders are discussed.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 25 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2006

Y. Zhang

To review, analyze and present the effects of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage and the critical importance of these effects in…

2043

Abstract

Purpose

To review, analyze and present the effects of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage and the critical importance of these effects in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL).

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental and theoretical research results of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and its caused contact‐fluid interfacial slippage in hydrodynamic lubrication and especially in EHL obtained in the past decades and progressed in recent years by the present author and by others are reviewed. Analysis and presentation are made on both the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength versus fluid pressure curve for a given bulk fluid temperature in an isothermal EHL and the influence of the bulk fluid temperature on this curve.

Findings

It is very clearly and well understood from the present paper that the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in the inlet zone in an EHL contact, i.e. at low EHL fluid film pressures is usually low and usually has rather a weak dependence on the EHL fluid film pressure. This proves the correctness of the EHL theories previously developed by the author based on the assumption of this low value and dependence on the EHL fluid film pressure of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength. It is also very clearly understood that the bulk fluid temperature usually has a strong influence on the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in EHL and the increase of this temperature usually significantly reduces the value of the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength in EHL.

Practical implications

A very useful material for the engineers who are engaged in the design of EHL on gears, cams and roller bearings, and for the tribology scientists who thrust efforts in studying EHL and mixed EHL both by theoretical modeling and by experiments.

Originality/value

A new and generalized mode of mixed EHL is originally proposed by incorporating the finding of a more realistic mode of the contact regimes in a practical mixed EHL based on the contact‐fluid interfacial shear strength and contact‐fluid interfacial slippage effects. This mode of mixed EHL should become the direction of the theoretical research of mixed EHL in the future.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 58 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2004

George K. Stylios

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects…

3513

Abstract

Examines the tenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 November 1998

Kathleen Conlon Hinge and Antoinette M. Maniatty

A finite element model of large deformation, plane strain rolling contact between rubber‐coated rolls with thin media in the nip is developed. The rubber layers on each roll are…

Abstract

A finite element model of large deformation, plane strain rolling contact between rubber‐coated rolls with thin media in the nip is developed. The rubber layers on each roll are modeled as incompressible, hyperelastic materials using a Neo‐Hookean model. Steady rolling contact is analyzed using a standard Lagrangian finite element code with a modified friction algorithm which converts the code from a Lagrangian framework to an Eulerian framework. The case of a rigid roll against a layered roll is presented. It is shown how this analysis can be easily extended to the case of two layered rolls with thin media in the nip if the thin media has a much higher elastic modulus than the layers. Simple static indentation models are shown to provide useful information regarding the steady rolling case. Numerical results illustrate the effect of indentation, nominal speed ratio and paper velocity on the velocity and traction distributions in the nip.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 15 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 August 2007

G.D. Janaki Ram, C. Robinson, Y. Yang and B.E. Stucker

Ultrasonic consolidation (UC) is a novel additive manufacturing process developed for fabrication of metallic parts from foils. While the process has been well demonstrated for…

3674

Abstract

Purpose

Ultrasonic consolidation (UC) is a novel additive manufacturing process developed for fabrication of metallic parts from foils. While the process has been well demonstrated for part fabrication in Al alloy 3003, some of the potential strengths of the process have not been fully explored. One of them is its suitability for fabrication of parts in multi‐materials. This work aims to examine this aspect.

Design/methodology/approach

Multi‐material UC experiments were conducted using Al alloy 3003 foils as the bulk part material together with a number of engineering materials (foils of Al‐Cu alloy 2024, Ni‐base alloy Inconel 600® AISI 347 stainless steel, and others). Deposit microstructures were studied to evaluate bonding between various materials.

Findings

It was found that most of the materials investigated can be successfully bonded to alloy Al 3003 and vice versa. SiC fibers and stainless wire meshes were successfully embedded in an Al 3003 matrix. The results suggest that the UC process is quite suitable for fabrication of multi‐material structures, including fiber‐reinforced metal matrix composites.

Originality/value

This work systematically examines the multi‐material capability of the UC process. The findings of this work lay a strong foundation for a wider and more efficient commercial utilization of the process.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 February 2017

Mica Grujicic, S. Ramaswami and Jennifer Snipes

Nacre is a biological material constituting the innermost layer of the shells of gastropods and bivalves. It consists of polygonal tablets of aragonite, tessellated to form…

Abstract

Purpose

Nacre is a biological material constituting the innermost layer of the shells of gastropods and bivalves. It consists of polygonal tablets of aragonite, tessellated to form individual layers and having the adjacent layers as well as the tablets within a layer bonded by a biopolymer. Due to its highly complex hierarchical microstructure, nacre possesses an outstanding combination of mechanical properties, the properties which are far superior to the ones that are predicted using techniques such as the rule of mixtures. Given these properties, a composite armor the structure of which mimics that of nacre may have improved performance over a monolithic armor having a similar composition and an identical areal density. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present work, an attempt is made to model a nacre-like composite armor consisting of B4C tablets and polyurea tablet/tablet interfaces. The armor is next tested with respect to impact by a solid right circular cylindrical (SRCC) rigid projectile, using a transient non-linear dynamics finite-element analysis. The ballistic-impact response and the penetration resistance of the armor are then compared with that of the B4C monolithic armor having an identical areal density. Furthermore, the effect of various nacre microstructural features (e.g. surface profiling, micron-scale asperities, mineral bridges between the overlapping tablets lying in adjacent layers, and B4C nano-crystallinity) on the ballistic-penetration resistance of the composite armor is investigated in order to identify an optimal nacre-like composite armor architecture having the largest penetration resistance.

Findings

The results obtained clearly show that a nacre-like armor possesses a superior penetration resistance relative to its monolithic counterpart, and that the nacre microstructural features considered play a critical role in the armor-penetration resistance.

Originality/value

The present work indicates that for a given choice of armor material, penetration resistance may be improved by choosing a structure resembling that of nacre.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 June 2017

Mica Grujicic, Jennifer Snipes and S. Ramaswami

The purpose of this paper is to model a nacre-like composite material, consisting of tablets and polyurea tablet/tablet interfaces, B4C. This composite material is being…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to model a nacre-like composite material, consisting of tablets and polyurea tablet/tablet interfaces, B4C. This composite material is being considered in the construction of the so-called backing-plate, a layer within a multi-functional/multi-layer armor system.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering the basic functions of the backing-plate (i.e. to provide structural support for the ceramic-strike-face and to stop a high-velocity projectile and the accompanying fragments) in such an armor system, the composite-material architecture is optimized with respect to simultaneously achieving high flexural stiffness and high ballistic-penetration resistance. Flexural stiffness and penetration resistance, for a given architecture of the nacre-like composite material, are assessed using a series of transient non-linear dynamics finite-element analyses. The suitability of the optimized composite material for use in backing-plate applications is then evaluated by comparing its performance against that of the rolled homogeneous armor (RHA), a common choice for the backing-plate material.

Findings

The results obtained established: a trade-off between the requirements for a high flexural stiffness and a high ballistic-penetration resistance in the nacre-like composite material; and overall superiority of the subject composite material over the RHA when used in the construction of the backing-plate within multi-functional/multi-layer armor systems.

Originality/value

This study extends the authors previous research on nacre-mimetic armor to optimize the architecture of the armor with respect to its flexural stiffness and ballistic-penetration resistance, so that these properties could be increased over the levels attained in the current choice (RHA) for the backing layer of multi-functional/multi-layer armor.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 1957

A method extensively used in the production of optically flat and finely finished surfaces is that of lapping the surface upon a plate using a loose abrasive mixed into a slurry…

Abstract

A method extensively used in the production of optically flat and finely finished surfaces is that of lapping the surface upon a plate using a loose abrasive mixed into a slurry form with a carrying fluid. If the surfaces finished in this way are in continuous or intermittent sliding contact, it is the author's opinion that any abrasives retained in their surfaces will affect surface wear. This paper reported on some exploratory work to indicate the degree of embedment of abrasive in certain materials lapped by hand.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 9 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Article
Publication date: 16 September 2013

Dagang Wang, Dekun Zhang and Shirong Ge

The objective of this paper is to determine fretting parameters of hoisting rope according to the hoisting parameters in coalmine and to explore the effect of contact load on…

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to determine fretting parameters of hoisting rope according to the hoisting parameters in coalmine and to explore the effect of contact load on fretting-fatigue behavior of steel wires.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the mechanical model of hoisting rope in coalmine, the dynamic tension simulation of hoisting rope was performed. Static equations of hoisting rope under tension and torsion and theories of contact mechanics were applied to obtain fretting parameters. Fretting-fatigue tests of steel wires at different contact loads were conducted using a fretting-fatigue test rig. The fretting regime, normalized tangential force and fretting-fatigue life were studied. The morphologies of fretting contact scars and fracture surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy to examine wear and failure mechanisms.

Findings

Dynamic tension changes from 0 to 30,900 N. In outer strand layer, contact loads between steel wires in certain wire layers are 60.5 and 38.3 N compared with 378 and 102.7 N between wire layers; relative displacements between wires are 62.5 and 113.2 μm, respectively. Mixed fretting regimes develop in all cases. Increasing contact load decreases the stabilized relative slip and normalized tangential force, reduces the fretting fatigue life, induces accelerated adhesive wear and fatigue wear and results in rougher fracture surface topographies. In all cases, fretting zone induces crack initiation; crack propagation and rupture zones present brittle cleavage and longitudinal splitting, respectively.

Practical implications

This paper presents the systemic study on determination of fretting parameters of hoisting rope according to the hoisting parameters in coalmine and the fretting-fatigue behavior of its internal steel wires. The results of fretting-fatigue tests show that the increase of contact load decreases the stabilized relative slip in mixed fretting regime and normalized tangential force, reduces the fretting fatigue life, induces accelerated adhesive wear and fatigue wear and results in rougher fracture surface topographies.

Originality/value

The authors warrant that the paper is original submission and is not being submitted to any other journal. And the research does not involve confidentiality, copyright infringement, leaks and other issues, all the responsibilities that the authors will take.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 65 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

1 – 10 of over 8000