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Consumer behavior in international markets is a topic that is still not well understood. Proposes a framework, called the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm. Suggests that a marketer examine four stages – access, buying behavior, consumption characteristics, and disposal – covering the entire spectrum of consumer behaviors with respect to a product/service. The paradigm is universally applicable to any particular culture or country of interest. Since there has been no comprehensive examination of consumer behavior in eastern Europe and the Third World, focusses on using the A‐B‐C‐D paradigm to gain a better insight into consumer behavior in these countries. Offers recommendations to companies wishing to market their products in these countries.

This article presents an approach for measuring consumer preferences in developing countries. The role of marketing research in developing countries and the salient factors which have an impact on how marketing research should be conducted in these countries are briefly discussed. The popular preference measurement procedures developed in the advanced nations are briefly reviewed and found to be unsuitable for use in developing countries. Hence, an alternative approach is proposed which reduces the data collection demands imposed on the respondents. It makes use of pictorial or visual stimuli and requires input from the respondents using a simple binary scale. An empirical investigation illustrating the proposed approach is reported. The convergent validity of the proposed procedure is assessed and found to be highly satisfactory.

Food safety in emerging and developing regions is receiving increased attention from economists, researchers and policymakers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature on the economics of food safety in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Of interest are studies exploring consumer demand and producer behavior regarding food safety. Particular attention is given to areas in need of additional research. The studies’ common implications for future research are discussed.

Two English language searches were conducted in the summer of 2013 to identify relevant studies on the economics of food safety, one each in Google Scholar and Web of Science. The authors carefully reviewed the abstracts of these studies for content, and select papers were identified that capture overarching themes found in the literature. Findings are presented by region.

Consumers in developing countries will become increasingly aware of food safety issues as urbanization proceeds and incomes continue to rise at robust rates. However, assuring food safety in modernizing food systems involves significant costs, and current incomes in developing SSA are far lower than in Asia. The authors find that overall consumer awareness of food safety problems in SSA is low relative to Asia. Moreover, knowledge of producer behavior and consumer demand for food safety in developing countries is very limited.

Limitations include a lack of information available on domestic food safety issues and overall knowledge of how food safety affects developing agrifood systems.

The findings from this review contribute to a better understanding of the economics of food safety in emerging and developing regions.

The behavior compelling the consumer’s intention to purchase organic food has received little attention in developing countries. There is limited knowledge concerning the factors that impact consumer’s intention to purchase organic food in these countries. The study empirically examined the impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control on the consumer intention to buy organic food. The study also aimed to explore whether knowledge about organic food and health consciousness has an indirect effect on the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and intention to buy.

To accomplish the study’s objectives, the questionnaires were administered to a convenience sample of 730 consumers using a traditional paper and pencil questionnaire interview (PAPI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to validate the data, and the Structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the hypotheses.

The findings showed that subjective norms and attitudes were positively correlated, and they significantly impacted the purchase intention of organic food. The findings also showed that knowledge about organic food and health consciousness has an indirect effect on the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, and intention to buy.

The findings stimulate the momentum to the growing literature, particularly in the developing countries on consumer behaviors regarding organic foods. Also, they will help stakeholders to achieve the marketing strategy for the growth of this sector.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how developing country brand name and brand origin affect the customer’s evaluation of the brand in radically new high-tech products. Using processing fluency as a theoretical underpinning, this study can answer the following questions: first, does foreign brand name (developed vs developing Asian brand name) affect the customer’s attitude toward the brand? Second, does the brand origin (developed vs developing country) moderate the effect of foreign brand name on attitude toward the brand? Third, does the individual difference (knowledge and technological sophistication) matter in determining the brand origin and fit effect on willingness to buy?

A 2×2 between subject experiment was conducted in which two factors were manipulated: foreign brand name (developed: Japan vs developing: China) and brand origin (developed: Japan vs developing: China).

The fit between brand origin and brand name leads to better evaluation of the brand than no fit. On the other hand, for developing country brand origin (e.g. China), the brand naming effect is mitigated by enhanced processing fluency caused by fit, which leads to better evaluation of developing country brand. Fit effect is more pronounced for more knowledgeable consumers. Technologically more sophisticated consumers are more willing to buy the developing country brand origin than technologically less sophisticated consumers due to the processing fluency effect.

This paper introduces the two dimensions of foreign brand name (developed vs developing) and examines the interaction with the brand origin. This research fills the gap of under-researched area in brand naming literature, which is the effect of developing country brand naming on attitude toward the brand of radically new high-tech products. This research extends the previous literature by applying linguistic mechanism, processing fluency to examine the Asian brand naming including emerging market. This research makes an important theoretical contribution by identifying an underlying individual-level construct, “knowledge” and “technological sophistication,” which explains and influences the effects of brand name and brand origin on willingness to buy the brand.

This research aims to undertake a business theory application into the political marketing context, examine the degree and nature of its theoretical and practical compatibility, and develop a preliminary conceptual marketing communications (MCs) framework for small political parties (SPPs) in developed countries.

The paper is conceptual and incorporates and interrelates the findings of existing business marketing research as applied to the context of political marketing. Through a comprehensive literature review, it adopts a multi‐perspective analysis and interrelation of three dimensions of existing theory: the behavioural, the contextual and the operational dimension. The paper eventually bridges the fields of political and business marketing, identifies the underlying causes of voter behaviour, and distils the critical factors of SPPs' marketing communications success.

The research identifies a number of critical factors of SPPs' marketing communications success and four principal SPPs' marketing communications findings: an increasing association between business and political marketing, an environmental context that stimulates and nurtures a symbiotic relationship between parties and voters, a predominant association of SPPs' critical factors of success with the concept of “perception management”, and the existence of a number of discrepancies regarding the application of classical marketing theory to SPPs. Based on these findings, the research finally develops a marketing communications framework for SPPs in developed countries.

While the conceptual nature of the research is a methodologically viable approach to understanding the complex interrelation of the elements involved, so early in the development of a contextually new theory, it is also its main limitation. Hence, the research considers the framework produced to be preliminary and that substantial primary research is further required to test and refine the individual framework components and to provide the necessary validity to the framework in its entirety.

The value of the paper relates to its focus on small political parties, which are largely overlooked by existing research. Additionally, the research adds considerable value to academic knowledge on the fundamental discussion on the applicability of business marketing theory to politics, also contributing an analogous political marketing framework to the existing literature.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of green marketing strategies on consumer purchasing patterns in Mauritius. The present research also explores the possibility of introducing greener patterns of consumption into contemporary lifestyles in the current context where green products are increasingly available.

This paper reviews the theory of green marketing to identify how customers are persuaded to purchase greener products. It also reports the empirical results of a consumer survey on green marketing strategies by the questionnaire method. The survey questionnaires were administered to 150 respondents visiting various hypermarkets and supermarkets. The questionnaires were processed and analysed with the statistical programme SPSS, using descriptive, correlation and factor analysis.

The findings provide some interesting clues regarding customers’ perceptions on environmental concerns and green products. Further findings suggest that most consumers have expressed a great interest in the protection of the environment and they are strongly concerned about the environment and its degradation. Hence, business executives should host workshops and seminars so as to educate customers on environmental protection and environmental‐friendly products. Results also indicated an overall positive correlation between effective green marketing strategies and customers’ purchasing patterns for green products. Therefore, there is a powerful urge for companies to promote green branding, eco‐labelling and green packaging strategies in order to encourage a greener pattern of consumption among consumers in Mauritius.

The paper suggests a stepping approach to consumer purchasing patterns for greener products could be exploited more within consumer groups that have strong environmental concerns and beliefs in Mauritius. The results also offer precious knowledge on the effectiveness of green marketing strategies which can assist both private and public enterprises in developing and designing appealing green products that will be favoured by customers.

Although green marketing has been an important research topic for several decades, hardly any research has been focused on the impact of green marketing strategies on consumer purchasing patterns in the context of developing countries. This paper has analysed the strength of environmental concerns and beliefs and has provided some insights on green marketing strategies and the various managerial implications have been fully addressed in order to favour the consumption of greener products in Mauritius.

Through a comprehensive literature review and data analysis, the purpose of this paper is to adopt a multi‐perspective interrelation of different dimensions of existing theory to eventually bridge the fields of political and business marketing, identify the underlying causes of voter behaviour, and distil the critical factors of small political parties' (SPPs') strategic marketing communications (MCs) success. The research finally develops a preliminary conceptual strategic MCs model for SPPs that fits the context of developed countries and concentrates on the strategic aspects of MCs.

The paper is largely conceptual and is based on an extensive literature review and secondary data; strengthened through additional and focused quantitative and qualitative data.

The findings indicate an increasing association between business and political marketing, an environmental context that stimulates and nurtures a symbiotic relationship between parties and voters, an enhanced role of “perception management”, and substantial divergence of SPP reality from classical theory.

Further and focused primary research is required towards model testing.

A scientific basis is provided for practical strategic implementation of MCs by SPPs.

The research value stems from its focus on SPPs, its contribution to the generic discussion on business marketing theory applicability to politics; its reinforcement of existing research on the subject through further data and analyses; and additionally to existing researches' focus, its concentration on the strategic aspects of the subject and its contribution to literature of an analogous strategic political marketing model.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the economic crisis in organic consumption in order to better understand how to meet the emerging challenges that the crisis is creating for future consumption and production of organic products in Costa Rica, and to review the material available in the commercial and scientific literature.

A sample survey of 63 consumers was carried out based on an average population of 75 visitors every Saturday, the only day of the week that the market takes place. The analytical procedure was divided in two parts: the descriptive statistic's section base on histograms showing the distribution of the variable's responses; and the inferential statistic's analysis which used standardized forward elimination regression modeling to arrive at the final models to explain the importance of the selected variables in each equation, along with a thorough search of the available and the most recent material.

The profile of the organic consumer in 2009 was very similar to that of 2000, 2004 and 2007. The willingness to pay premiums went down from 25 per cent in 2007, to 15 per cent in 2009 and was associated primarily with irregular availability, limited supply, limited variety and the location of the market. Price was an integral part of all three derived models, something that was not the case in past surveys. Even though consumer's income is very high, the crisis was affecting the purchase of organic products. The hypotheses that the crisis had not affected consumption and willingness to pay were both rejected based on the results obtained.

The crisis is still with us, most of the material available for comparison at this time comes from “commercial surveys”, sources with basically no “hard” research with which to compare the results that were secured in this survey.

The findings can help developing countries in Latin America with similar conditions meet the challenges of the future, as the developing countries overcome the crisis in terms of better policies and strategies.

To the author's knowledge, this is the first paper of its kind in a developing country. It provides evidence of the impact of the economic crisis on organic consumption in a developing country and the author knows of no other in Latin America.

The current study aims to investigate gender differences in hedonic and utilitarian values on Iranian young consumers' intentions for eating in fast‐casual restaurants.

By testing a sample of 189 young consumers, aged 18 to 24, this study applied descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression analysis and independent samples t‐test to analyze the collected data.

The findings revealed that both hedonic and utilitarian values are significant determinants of behavioural intentions to eat in fast‐casual restaurants. However, no moderation effect was found for gender in the above‐mentioned relationship.

Convenience sampling technique applied in this research limits the generalizability of the findings.

Findings of this study provide invaluable insights about young consumers from a developing country, which has been rarely investigated. This expands the understanding about their consumption behaviour and the role of underlying values in their behavioural intentions.

By examining two distinct types of consumption values on the behavioural intentions of consumers, this study provides insights from young consumers in a developing country, namely Iran, which has been rarely investigated before.