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1 – 10 of over 3000
Article
Publication date: 25 January 2021

Mueen Ahmed and Sankalp Pratap

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the motivation for firms in emerging economies to engage in constraint absorption. It illustrates the mechanisms that enable business…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the motivation for firms in emerging economies to engage in constraint absorption. It illustrates the mechanisms that enable business group (BG) affiliated firms to manage interdependencies vis-à-vis standalone firms in emerging economies.

Design/methodology/approach

The propositions outlined in this study are rooted in the theoretical lens of resource dependence theory (RDT). The authors integrate RDT with the resource-based view and institutional theory to explain the effect of BG affiliation on the relationship between the two types of interdependence (i.e. mutual dependence and power imbalance) and the likelihood of constraint absorption.

Findings

This paper theorizes that BG affiliation influences the relationship between mutual dependence/power imbalance and the likelihood of constraint absorption. However, if both the firms in a dyad are affiliated to a BG, the likelihood of constraint absorption is likely to be low owing to a process called “co-optation” even if mutual dependence or power imbalance between the firms is high.

Originality/value

This paper highlights how BG affiliated firms are better at managing contingencies in the external environment vis-à-vis standalone firms. This paper also advises managers that the type of organizational form is an important factor to be considered while engaging in constraint absorption in an emerging economy.

Details

International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. 30 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1934-8835

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 2002

Rexford H. Draman, Archie Lockamy and James F. Cox

Since its inception, cost accounting has provided data to managers for the development of internal organizational performance measures. In the mid 1980s, Dr Eli Goldratt…

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Abstract

Since its inception, cost accounting has provided data to managers for the development of internal organizational performance measures. In the mid 1980s, Dr Eli Goldratt introduced a new management philosophy called the theory of constraints (TOC). This philosophy contained a new set of performance measures which linked together the strategic objectives and operational capabilities of the organization. This linkage allows for the maximization of profits. Since its introduction, there has been a growing amount of evidence documenting TOC’s ability to more tightly link local decisions to organizational performance than those of traditional cost accounting. This research used a simple Gedunken experiment to evaluate the difference between strategy driven product‐mix decisions based on TOC accounting and traditional cost accounting. In all cases, the constraint‐based approach to costing outperformed the traditional approach based on cost accounting.

Details

Integrated Manufacturing Systems, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0957-6061

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 May 2021

Prajwal Eachempati and Praveen Ranjan Srivastava

A composite sentiment index (CSI) from quantitative proxy sentiment indicators is likely to be a lag sentiment measure as it reflects only the information absorbed in the market…

Abstract

Purpose

A composite sentiment index (CSI) from quantitative proxy sentiment indicators is likely to be a lag sentiment measure as it reflects only the information absorbed in the market. Information theories and behavioral finance research suggest that market prices may not adjust to all the available information at a point in time. This study hypothesizes that the sentiment from the unincorporated information may provide possible market leads. Thus, this paper aims to discuss a method to identify the un-incorporated qualitative Sentiment from information unadjusted in the market price to test whether sentiment polarity from the information can impact stock returns. Factoring market sentiment extracted from unincorporated information (residual sentiment or sentiment backlog) in CSI is an essential step for developing an integrated sentiment index to explain deviation in asset prices from their intrinsic value. Identifying the unincorporated Sentiment also helps in text analytics to distinguish between current and future market sentiment.

Design/methodology/approach

Initially, this study collects the news from various textual sources and runs the NVivo tool to compute the corpus data’s sentiment polarity. Subsequently, using the predictability horizon technique, this paper mines the unincorporated component of the news’s sentiment polarity. This study regresses three months’ sentiment polarity (the current period and its lags for two months) on the NIFTY50 index of the National Stock Exchange of India. If the three-month lags are significant, it indicates that news sentiment from the three months is unabsorbed and is likely to impact the future NIFTY50 index. The sentiment is also conditionally tested for firm size, volatility and specific industry sector-dependence. This paper discusses the implications of the results.

Findings

Based on information theories and empirical findings, the paper demonstrates that it is possible to identify unincorporated information and extract the sentiment polarity to predict future market direction. The sentiment polarity variables are significant for the current period and two-month lags. The magnitude of the sentiment polarity coefficient has decreased from the current period to lag one and lag two. This study finds that the unabsorbed component or backlog of news consisted of mainly negative market news or unconfirmed news of the previous period, as illustrated in Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 2. The findings on unadjusted news effects vary with firm size, volatility and sectoral indices as depicted in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Originality/value

The related literature on sentiment index describes top-down/ bottom-up models using quantitative proxy sentiment indicators and natural language processing (NLP)/machine learning approaches to compute the sentiment from qualitative information to explain variance in market returns. NLP approaches use current period sentiment to understand market trends ignoring the unadjusted sentiment carried from the previous period. The underlying assumption here is that the market adjusts to all available information instantly, which is proved false in various empirical studies backed by information theories. The paper discusses a novel approach to identify and extract sentiment from unincorporated information, which is a critical sentiment measure for developing a holistic sentiment index, both in text analytics and in top-down quantitative models. Practitioners may use the methodology in the algorithmic trading models and conduct stock market research.

Article
Publication date: 15 June 2021

Taza Gul, Abdul Qadeer, Wajdi Alghamdi, Anwar Saeed, Safyan Mukhtar and Muhammad Jawad

This paper aims to consider the heat transportation together with irreversibility analysis for the flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid past over a stretching surface. The…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to consider the heat transportation together with irreversibility analysis for the flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid past over a stretching surface. The innovative characteristics of this paper include electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) term, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and heat absorption\omission. The hybrid nanofluid is prepared due to the suspension of the solid nanoparticles of the single wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) in the blood for the testing purpose of heat transfer and drug deliveries. The experimental value of the Prandtl number used for the blood is 21 from the available literature and very large as compared to the Prandtl number of the other base fluids. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the modeled partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain the solution. The explanation for velocity, energy and entropy are exposed under the influence of various parameters such as E, M, k, Q, S and Ec. The numerical values are calculated and summarized for dimensionless Cf and Nu.

Design/methodology/approach

In this investigation, heat transportation together with irreversibility analysis for the flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid past over a stretching surface is considered. The innovative characteristics of this paper include EMHD term, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and heat absorption\omission. The hybrid nanofluid is prepared due to the suspension of the solid nanoparticles of the SWCNTs and MWCNTs in the blood for the testing purpose of heat transfer and drug deliveries. The experimental value of the Prandtl number used for the blood is 21 from the available literature and very large as compared to the Prandtl number of the other base fluids. Appropriate transformations are incorporated to convert the modeled partial differential equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The HAM is used to obtain the solution. The explanation for velocity, energy and entropy are exposed under the influence of various parameters such as E, M, k, Q, S and Ec. The numerical values are calculated and summarized for dimensionless Cf and Nu.

Findings

The explanation for velocity, energy and entropy are exposed and the flow against various influential factors is discussed graphically. The numerical values are calculated and summarized for dimensionless In addition, the current study is compared for various values of to that published literature and an impressive agreement in terms of finding is reported. It has also been noticed that the and factors retards the hybrid nanofluid flow, while the temperature of fluid becomes upsurges by the rise in these factors.

Originality/value

This is examined while evaluating the previously discussed publications that study on EMHD aspects of magnetized Casson type hybrid nanofluid via entropy generation research is innovative but also acknowledging that the couple stress model challenged bilaterally on stretching surface has not yet been studied. So, there is an ongoing attempt to bridge such a space.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 32 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 September 2022

Feda Abdalla Zahor, Reema Jain, Ahmada Omar Ali and Verdiana Grace Masanja

The purpose of this paper is to review previous research studies on mathematical models for entropy generation in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of nanofluids. In addition…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review previous research studies on mathematical models for entropy generation in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of nanofluids. In addition, the influence of various parameters on the velocity profiles, temperature profiles and entropy generation was studied. Furthermore, the numerical methods used to solve the model equations were summarized. The underlying purpose was to understand the research gap and develop a research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reviews 141 journal articles published between 2010 and 2022 on topics related to mathematical models used to assess the impacts of various parameters on the entropy generation, heat transfer and velocity of the MHD flow of nanofluids.

Findings

This review clarifies the application of entropy generation mathematical models, identifies areas for future research and provides necessary information for future research in the development of efficient thermodynamic systems. It is hoped that this review paper can provide a basis for further research on the irreversibility of nanofluids flowing through different channels in the development of efficient thermodynamic systems.

Originality/value

Entropy generation analysis and minimization constitute effective approaches for improving the performance of thermodynamic systems. A comprehensive review of the effects of various parameters on entropy generation was performed in this study.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 33 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 6 July 2015

Noemi Sinkovics, Rudolf R. Sinkovics, Samia Ferdous Hoque and Laszlo Czaban

The purpose of this paper includes two interconnected objectives. The first is to provide a reconceptualisation of social value creation as social constraint alleviation. The…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper includes two interconnected objectives. The first is to provide a reconceptualisation of social value creation as social constraint alleviation. The second is to respond to the call put forward by Giuliani and Macchi (2014) to produce synergies between bodies of literature exploring the development impact of businesses. The paper focuses on ideas from the global value chain/global production networks (GVC/GPN), business and human rights, corporate social responsibility (CSR), international business (IB) and (social) entrepreneurship literatures.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper offers a reconceptualisation of social value creation by building on the synergies, complementarities and limitations of existing concepts identified through the literature review.

Findings

The reconceptualisation of social value creation put forward in this paper contributes to the literature in the following way. It offers a useful and clear definition of the term “social” (Devinney, 2009), and it attends to the limitations of the constraint concept as put forward by Ted London and his collaborators (London, 2011). Furthermore, it sketches out the basic ideas of a two-system approach to allow for the differentiation between symptom treatment and root cause alleviation. Finally, it offers a refinement of Wettstein’s (2012) proposed capability-based remedial action concept. The paper furthermore proposes that there are three distinct ways in which businesses generally respond to social constraints.

Originality/value

The paper illustrates how the redefined concept of social value creation can connect different bodies of literature and help make sense of existing empirical results, without engaging in definitional debates.

Article
Publication date: 1 April 2008

Roberto S. Vassolo and Jaideep Anand

Firms frequently need to update their capabilities in changing environments but face significant barriers to accomplish this goal due to the stickiness of their routines, local…

Abstract

Firms frequently need to update their capabilities in changing environments but face significant barriers to accomplish this goal due to the stickiness of their routines, local search constraints, bounded rationality, uncertain imitability, and causal ambiguity. Under high levels of uncertainty, dynamic capabilities are often externally oriented, involving acquisitions and alliances. However, nonunique but competitive predictions about the behavior of these capabilities arise from the evolutionary theory. We test these competitive hypotheses analyzing portfolios of acquisitions and alliances made by pharmaceutical firms in search of portfolios of biotech capabilities. The analysis of portfolios enables us to better identify “common practices” in the pharmaceutical industry than using a transactional‐level focus. We develop implications for the evolutionary theory and for managerial practice.

Details

Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1536-5433

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 1999

Paul Sturges

The necessity for social intelligence, broadly defined, to inform decision making in developing countries is apparent as globalization places increasing demands on governments…

Abstract

The necessity for social intelligence, broadly defined, to inform decision making in developing countries is apparent as globalization places increasing demands on governments, non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), parastatals, and business corporations. Yet the existing information systems of developing countries suffer from a range of problems which afflict all three main elements: documentary services (libraries and information centres), statistical services, and management information systems (including records management and computerized systems). Grey literature is vital to each of these three systems, either as the partially‐processed product of the internal information‐generating capacity of the country itself, or in the external scanning process. Information professionals have tended to concentrate on the technical problems of acquiring, listing, indexing, retrieving and alerting potential users to documents. This largely ignores questions about the capacity and propensity of the targeted users to absorb information, however well it might be organized by information systems. An examination of the decision‐making process in a selected country (Malawi) and a case study of planning for technology transfer (from Kenya) are used to illustrate these problems and the role of intelligence. A range of structural and non‐structural constraints on the absorption of information is identified. The conclusion is that the problems of existing information systems can only be relieved by information professionals further processing and refining the information content of grey literature so as to present it to the decision makers in the form of intelligence reports.

Details

Collection Building, vol. 18 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0160-4953

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1997

Mark Butler

The increasing use of helicopters has naturally created demands for improved safety and performance from many of the aircraft’s systems. If the passengers and crew are to survive…

Abstract

The increasing use of helicopters has naturally created demands for improved safety and performance from many of the aircraft’s systems. If the passengers and crew are to survive a crash or even a “heavy landing”, especially from the effects of a ballistic attack, it is vitally important that the aircraft fuel system is also crashworthy. Traditionally, flexible fuel cells have been employed which were constructed of fabric coated with nitrile rubber, with the emphasis being on constraining the forces involved, particularly in a forced landing. This understandably led to heavy fuel cells that were inflexible and difficult to install. Examines the new materials and techniques and the development of significantly lighter, more flexible systems in the construction of crashworthy cells and compares their characteristics and specifications.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 69 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Keywords

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