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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contents of bioactive compounds and/or that of interest for the brew quality (trigonelline, caffeine, total chlorogenic acids and melanoidins), acidity and antioxidant activity (AA) of roasted coffee brews produced with Coffea canephora.

Coffee samples corresponded to three cultivars – Diamante ES8112, ES8122 “Jequitibá,” and Centenária ES8132 – with different fruit-ripening seasons (early, medium and late, respectively). The study evaluated five genotypes from each cultivar and coffees were cultivated in two sites, a total of 30 samples.

The average contents on the coffee brews varied from 1,176 to 1,452 µg mL⁻¹ for caffeine; from 206 to 413 µg mL⁻¹ for trigonelline; from 528 to 942 µg mL⁻¹ for total chlorogenic acids; from 6.8 to 7.8 mg mL⁻¹ for melanoidins; showing total titratable acidity between 1.15 and 1.79 mL of NaOH 0.1 mol L⁻¹ by 20 mL of the brew. AA varied from 6.78 to 8.80 mg of TROLOX mL⁻¹, correlating positively with the contents of caffeine, total chlorogenic acids, melanoidins. Fruit-ripening seasons had no effect on coffee brew composition and AA.

The results presented provide not only a unique analysis of coffee brew from genotypes developed to improve the good agricultural practice and brew quality, but also relevant information that can be extended for research in coffee composition and for the coffee industry.

This paper investigates the incentives to coffee farmers to participate in certification schemes that require improved agricultural practices.

The authors ran a choice experiment among 250 Brazilian coffee farmers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The authors’ findings show that both cash and non-cash payments are likely to incentive farmers' participation in a certification scheme. Besides price premium, incentives as long-term contracts and provision of technical would encourage producers to adopt eco-certification schemes. Our results also suggest that non-cash payments may be appropriate substitutes to a price premium to some extent.

The large coffee producers are over-represented in our sample compared to the population of Brazilian coffee farms. However, it seems reasonable to focus on these producers, as they are usually the ones who individually adopt strategies, since small farmers are induced by collective strategies (e.g. cooperatives).

The result regarding technical assistance makes sense given that Brazilian farmers generally have poor access to rural extension services.

We contributed in the literature about adoption of sustainable agriculture practices analyzing the requirements and motivations for farmer participation in certification schemes. We also contribute private and public strategies to encourage the adoption of sustainable practices.

This study aims to identify and classified non-tariff measures (NTMs) on Brazilian imports of robusta coffee beans, calculated a tariff-equivalent of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) and assessed the effects of removing NTBs from upstream and downstream domestic instant coffee supply chain.

The analysis uses documentary research to identify NTMs and the price-wedge method is applied to estimate a tariff-equivalent. The effects of suppressing the tariff-equivalent were evaluated using a partial equilibrium model with constant elasticity of substitution (Armington, 1969) and by incorporating vertical integration and uncertainty (Hallren and Opanasets, 2018).

The results show that NTMs seemingly hinder the entrance of coffee beans into the domestic market. The tariff-equivalent was estimated at 13.61%. Suppressing it reveals that the share of domestic coffee beans used to produce domestic instant coffee falls 0.21 p.p. while the share of domestic instant coffee consumed by the international trade rises 8.60 p.p.

What makes this paper original is that this paper investigated the effects of NTMs in a developing country, namely, Brazil. Although Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world, it has not appeared in literature in this type of analysis until now. Furthermore, it contributes to the literature on using existing techniques to investigate the impact of NTM removal on individual products in a specific country, in contrast to more recent papers that discuss using multi-country and multi-product data sets at the HTS-6 level. Thus, this paper demonstrates how a case study approach can be useful in quantifying policy changes.