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Book part
Publication date: 26 March 2024

Farha Khan and Akansha Mer

Introduction: The ethical implications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling or DNA fingerprinting or forensic genetics in criminal investigations have gained significant…

Abstract

Introduction: The ethical implications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling or DNA fingerprinting or forensic genetics in criminal investigations have gained significant attention worldwide. In India, DNA profiling in criminal investigations has increased over the years. However, the ethical considerations of DNA profiling in India have yet to be examined adequately.

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the ethical considerations of DNA profiling in India and compare them with international guidelines. By examining the ethical considerations of DNA profiling in India, this study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the responsible use of DNA profiling in forensic investigations.

Methodology: The study used a qualitative research design, and data were collected by reviewing relevant literature and laws.

Findings: The findings indicate that the Indian legal framework has gaps in addressing the ethical considerations raised by international guidelines, such as the admissibility of DNA evidence in court, oversight of DNA laboratories, safeguards against discrimination, and privacy and confidentiality protections.

The comparative analysis highlights the need for strengthening the legal framework in India, adopting best practices from international guidelines, and incorporating safeguards to protect against discrimination and ensure the privacy and confidentiality of individuals. By adopting these recommendations, India can ensure that DNA profiling is conducted ethically and responsibly, promoting public trust in the criminal justice system and upholding the rights of all individuals.

Details

The Framework for Resilient Industry: A Holistic Approach for Developing Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-735-8

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Article
Publication date: 19 May 2022

Priyanka Kumari Bhansali, Dilendra Hiran, Hemant Kothari and Kamal Gulati

The purpose of this paper Computing is a recent emerging cloud model that affords clients limitless facilities, lowers the rate of customer storing and computation and progresses…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper Computing is a recent emerging cloud model that affords clients limitless facilities, lowers the rate of customer storing and computation and progresses the ease of use, leading to a surge in the number of enterprises and individuals storing data in the cloud. Cloud services are used by various organizations (education, medical and commercial) to store their data. In the health-care industry, for example, patient medical data is outsourced to a cloud server. Instead of relying onmedical service providers, clients can access theirmedical data over the cloud.

Design/methodology/approach

This section explains the proposed cloud-based health-care system for secure data storage and access control called hash-based ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption with signature (hCP-ABES). It provides access control with finer granularity, security, authentication and user confidentiality of medical data. It enhances ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) with hashing, encryption and signature. The proposed architecture includes protection mechanisms to guarantee that health-care and medical information can be securely exchanged between health systems via the cloud. Figure 2 depicts the proposed work's architectural design.

Findings

For health-care-related applications, safe contact with common documents hosted on a cloud server is becoming increasingly important. However, there are numerous constraints to designing an effective and safe data access method, including cloud server performance, a high number of data users and various security requirements. This work adds hashing and signature to the classic CP-ABE technique. It protects the confidentiality of health-care data while also allowing for fine-grained access control. According to an analysis of security needs, this work fulfills the privacy and integrity of health information using federated learning.

Originality/value

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology and smart diagnostic implants have enhanced health-care systems by allowing for remote access and screening of patients’ health issues at any time and from any location. Medical IoT devices monitor patients’ health status and combine this information into medical records, which are then transferred to the cloud and viewed by health providers for decision-making. However, when it comes to information transfer, the security and secrecy of electronic health records become a major concern. This work offers effective data storage and access control for a smart healthcare system to protect confidentiality. CP-ABE ensures data confidentiality and also allows control on data access at a finer level. Furthermore, it allows owners to set up a dynamic patients health data sharing policy under the cloud layer. hCP-ABES proposed fine-grained data access, security, authentication and user privacy of medical data. This paper enhances CP-ABE with hashing, encryption and signature. The proposed method has been evaluated, and the results signify that the proposed hCP-ABES is feasible compared to other access control schemes using federated learning.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 20 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

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Article
Publication date: 12 December 2022

Nick Goodwyn, Nick Beech, Bob Garvey, Jeff Gold, Richard Gulliford, Tricia Auty, Ali Sajjadi, Adalberto Arrigoni, Nehal Mahtab, Simon Jones and Susan Beech

The “Germanwings” air crash in 2015 in which 150 people were killed highlighted the challenges pilots working in the aviation industry face. Pilots regularly work for extensive…

Abstract

Purpose

The “Germanwings” air crash in 2015 in which 150 people were killed highlighted the challenges pilots working in the aviation industry face. Pilots regularly work for extensive periods in inhospitable and high-pressure operational conditions, exposing them to considerable work-related stress. This has raised calls for a more systemic cultural change across the aviation industry, championing a more holistic perspective of pilot health and well-being. The study aims to explore how peer coaching (PC) can promote an inclusive psychosocial safety climate enhancing pilot well-being and can mitigate hazardous attitudes and dysfunctional behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were conducted with military and civilian peer coach/coachee pilots and key industry stakeholders, totalling 39 participants. The research provided significant insights into the perceived value of PC in promoting both pilot health and mental well-being (MW) and flight safety across the aviation industry.

Findings

The study highlights four key PC superordinate themes, namely, coaching skills, significance of well-being, building of peer relationships and importance of confidentiality and autonomy. Such combined themes build reciprocal trust within peer conversations that can inspire engagement and effectively promote personal well-being. The contagious effect of such local interventions can help stimulate systemic cultural change and promote a positive psychosocial safety climate throughout an organisation and, in this case, across the aviation industry. This study provides a PC conceptual framework “Mutuality Equality Goals Autonomy Non-evaluative feedback, Skill Confidentiality Voluntary Supervisory (MEGANS CVS),” highlighting the salient features of PC in promoting MW.

Research limitations/implications

The study highlights the salient features of PC and its role in promoting peer conversations that enable personal transition, openness and acceptance. This study also highlights how PC and well-being can be used to encourage inclusivity and engagement, thereby strengthening institutional resilience.

Practical implications

This study highlights how PC that can assist HRM/HRD professionals to embed a more inclusive and salutogenic approach to MW that can reshape organisational cultures. This study highlights the significance and link of workplace stress to hazardous attitudes and dysfunctional behaviours. It further notes that whilst the MEGANS CVS peer coaching framework has been applied to pilots, it can also be applied across all sectors and levels.

Social implications

This study highlights the value of PC as an inexpensive means to engage at the grassroots level, which not only improves personal performance, safety and well-being but by building peer relationships can also act as a catalyst for positive and deep organisational cultural change.

Originality/value

This study offers the MEGANS CVS framework that exposes insights into PC practice that can assist HRM/HRD professionals embed a more inclusive and salutogenic approach to health and well-being that can reshape organisational cultures. This study highlights the significance and link of workplace stress to hazardous attitudes and dysfunctional behaviours, and whilst this framework has been applied to pilots, it can also have relevance across all sectors and levels. This study calls for a “salutogenic turn,” employing MW and PC to transform organisational capabilities to be more forward-thinking and solution-focused, promoting an inclusive “just culture” where leaders positively lead their people.

Details

European Journal of Training and Development, vol. 48 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-9012

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Article
Publication date: 2 January 2024

Gita Gayatri, Yusniza Kamarulzaman, Tengku Ezni Balqiah, Dony Abdul Chalid, Anya Safira and Sri Rahayu Hijrah Hati

This study aims to examine the perceptions and evaluations of Muslim COVID-19 survivors and health workers regarding the halal, business and ethical attributes of hospitals during…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the perceptions and evaluations of Muslim COVID-19 survivors and health workers regarding the halal, business and ethical attributes of hospitals during their interactions related to COVID-19 treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

Descriptive qualitative research with semi-structured online interviews was used to gather insights from COVID-19 survivors and health workers who treated COVID-19 patients. The findings were then compared with existing literature on hospital services and Sharia attributes.

Findings

The study found that patients and health-care workers in hospitals are concerned about whether the hospital follows Sharia law, the quality of health-care and hospital services and the ethical conduct of hospital staff. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, when patients are more anxious about religious conduct and the afterlife.

Research limitations/implications

Hospitals need to address halal attributes in all aspects of their services for Muslim patients and business attributes such as standard health-care quality, service quality and ethical attributes. Participants indicated that when these needs are met, they are more likely to revisit the hospital and recommend it to others.

Originality/value

This study contributes to understanding the expectations of Muslim patients regarding hospital services that meet Islamic ethical and business requirements. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study broadens the understanding of how to better serve Muslim customers.

Details

International Journal of Ethics and Systems, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9369

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Article
Publication date: 26 February 2024

Himanshu Joshi and Deepak Chawla

The study investigates the influence of perceived security (PS) on behavioral intention (BI) via the trust attitude process and explores the moderating effects of gender. PS in…

Abstract

Purpose

The study investigates the influence of perceived security (PS) on behavioral intention (BI) via the trust attitude process and explores the moderating effects of gender. PS in mobile wallets enhances user trust (TR), attitude (ATT) and intention (INT). Using a multiple and serial mediation model, both TR and ATT were found to mediate the relationship between PS and BI.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory, the proposed conceptual model comprises PS, TR, ATT and BI. An online survey was conducted with a cross-sectional sample of 744 mobile wallet users in India. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships and test the mediation effects.

Findings

Results show that the stimulus, PS, has a positive and significant influence on TR and ATT, which eventually has a positive influence on BI. The research model explains 64.4 percent of the variance in BI. Further, both TR and ATT independently and parallelly mediate the relationship PS and BI. Lastly, gender is found to moderate the relationship between TR and BI and ATT and BI.

Practical implications

The research showed the importance of PS, TR and ATT towards mobile wallet adoption INTs. Further, the findings support the idea that developing TR and ATT is essential for shaping INTs. This suggests that mobile wallet service providers should invest in methods that not just enhance user TR but also reinforce a positive ATT towards the platform. To demonstrate TR, mobile wallet providers must ensure the confidentiality and privacy of user data, keep customer interests in mind and fulfill commitments. Lastly, for strengthening customer TR, excellent customer support is extremely important.

Originality/value

While prior researchers have majorly used technology acceptance model (TAM) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) models to explain adoption INTs, this study examines the relationship between PS, TR, ATT and BI through the lens of the SOR framework.

Details

International Journal of Bank Marketing, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0265-2323

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Article
Publication date: 24 October 2023

Asmita Verma and Anjula Gurtoo

The paper aims to review rules and policy guidelines worldwide around non-personal data (NPD) and evaluate the policies on criteria that allow for the use of data for economic and…

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to review rules and policy guidelines worldwide around non-personal data (NPD) and evaluate the policies on criteria that allow for the use of data for economic and social good. A review related to diverse policy approaches of various countries remains a research gap, and hence the analysis in the paper is designed with the intention of developing a research framework and providing policy gaps for further exploration.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of academic and non-academic literature on theoretical foundations, applications of NPD for economic and social good and NPD policies and regulations was conducted to identify the evaluation criteria. A total of 32 dimensions got identified for evaluation. As second step, content analysis was used for evaluation. A total of 13 documents from 6 countries and 1 geographical region were identified for evaluation. The documents were evaluated based on the 32 dimensions spread across 5 domains that facilitate data access and sharing for economic and societal benefit.

Findings

The analysis highlights three distinct emerging perspectives on data exchange: most policy and regulatory documents acknowledge the importance of identifying different types of NPD and accordingly describing the distinct roles and responsibilities of data actors for leveraging the data; the policy and regulatory frameworks clearly focus on increasing business opportunities, data sharing cooperation and innovation; and findings also demonstrate certain gaps in the policy frameworks such as a more comprehensive discussion on data access and sharing mechanisms, particularly data sandboxes and open data, and concrete norms and rigorous standards regarding accountability, transparency, ownership and confidentiality. Furthermore, policies and regulations may include appropriate incentive structures for data providers and users to ensure unhindered and sustainable access to data for the common good.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents one of the first research contributions evaluating global data policies focused on NPD in the context of its increasing use as a public good. The paper first identifies evaluation criteria for the analysis on public and social good, and, thus, provides a conceptual framework for future research. Additionally, the analysis identifies the broad domains of policy analysis on social and public good for data economics.

Details

Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-5038

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Article
Publication date: 14 March 2023

Apoorva Goel, Nabila Khan and Lata Dyaram

This study examines the yin (promotive) and yang (prohibitive) of employee voice based on employee preference for voice channel attributes. Employee inputs may be disregarded…

Abstract

Purpose

This study examines the yin (promotive) and yang (prohibitive) of employee voice based on employee preference for voice channel attributes. Employee inputs may be disregarded, requiring employees to maneuver for unheeded voice and adopt alternate voice tactics. The authors emphasize the ubiquity of lurking employee silence and its affective effects on subsequent cycles of voice or silence.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative design involving semi-structured interviews of employees from service sector firms in India assisted the inquiry.

Findings

Employees prefer voice channel attributes that ensure visibility and data substance for promotive voice and anonymity and confidentiality for prohibitive voice. Voice target switching and message reframing were common employee strategies. Silence on both sharing views/opinions (promotive) and voicing issues/concerns (prohibitive) weakens employee future voice incidents, besides suppressing the affect. Post-silence cognitive reappraisal increases voice incidences.

Research limitations/implications

Findings may have limited generalizability given the qualitative design of the study. Moving beyond extant episodic voice research, the authors demonstrate the recurrent nature of employee voice and silence. The study broadens perspectives on how varied voice types necessitate nuanced voice channel attributes.

Originality/value

Present work brings together organizational behavior (OB) perspective on discretionary voice through human resource (HR)-based channels, helping bridge the gap between previously disparate stands.

Details

Personnel Review, vol. 53 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0048-3486

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Article
Publication date: 29 March 2024

Tareq Na'el Al-Tawil

The purpose of this paper is to explore the legislative framework that governs whistleblowing in the UAE.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the legislative framework that governs whistleblowing in the UAE.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper examines social perceptions and practical challenges related to the act of whistleblowing. It focuses on the effectiveness, limitations and implications of the current legal status of whistleblowing in the UAE.

Findings

The UAE does not have a unified legal framework that governs whistleblowing and whistleblower protections like in the case of the USA. Therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive federal regulations that will apply to all sectors across the entire UAE. Each emirate and economic zone can then model their whistleblowing regulations against the federal law to ensure consistency and uniformity in application. The UAE will also benefit from public awareness and education programs to address the conservative culture that discourages whistleblowing. Most importantly, corporate governance and culture are central to the success of existing laws considering the overreliance on organizations and employees.

Originality/value

The paper provides a robust and analytical discussion of the whistleblowing laws and regulations in the UAE to dissect current practices and implications for future practice.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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Open Access
Article
Publication date: 19 January 2024

Susanna Aba Abraham, Obed Cudjoe, Yvonne Ayerki Nartey, Elizabeth Agyare, Francis Annor, Benedict Osei Tawiah, Matilda Nyampong, Kwadwo Koduah Owusu, Marijanatu Abdulai, Stephen Ayisi Addo and Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) goal to end the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic as a public health threat by 2030 emphasises the…

Abstract

Purpose

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) goal to end the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic as a public health threat by 2030 emphasises the importance of leaving no one behind. To determine progress towards the elimination goal in Ghana, an in-depth understanding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care from the perspective of vulnerable populations such as persons living with HIV in incarceration is necessary. This study aims to explore the experiences of incarcerated individuals living with HIV (ILHIV) and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in selected Ghanaian prisons to help inform policy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews with 16 purposively selected ILHIV on ART from purposively selected prisons. Interviews were conducted between October and December 2022. Thematic analysis was performed using the ATLAS.Ti software.

Findings

Three themes were generated from the analysis: waking up to a positive HIV status; living with HIV a day at a time; and being my brother’s keeper: preventing HIV transmission. All participants underwent HIV screening at the various prisons. ILHIV also had access to ART although those on remand had challenges with refills. Stigma perpetuated by incarcerated individuals against those with HIV existed, and experiences of inadequate nutrition among incarcerated individuals on ART were reported. Opportunities to improve the experiences of the ILHIV are required to improve care and reduce morbidity and mortality.

Originality/value

Through first-hand experiences from ILHIV in prisons, this study provides the perception of incarcerated individuals on HIV care in prisons. The insights gained from this study can contribute to the development of targeted interventions and strategies to improve HIV care and support for incarcerated individuals.

Details

International Journal of Prison Health, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2977-0254

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Article
Publication date: 6 November 2023

Simon D. Norton

This study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of auditor mandatory suspicious activity reporting versus the exercise of professional judgement in the anti-money…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of auditor mandatory suspicious activity reporting versus the exercise of professional judgement in the anti-money laundering regimes of the UK and the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

The research draws upon the following sources. Firstly, statistics provided by the UK National Crime Agency, 2019 (NCA) regarding suspicious activity report (SAR) filing rates. Secondly, anti-money laundering legislation in the USA and UK. Thirdly, statements made in the political domain in the USA, particularly those which raised constitutional concerns during the progress of the Patriot Act 2001. Finally, statements and recommendations by a UK Parliamentary Commission enquiring into the effectiveness of the suspicious activity reporting regime.

Findings

The UK reporting regime does not accommodate professional judgement, resulting in the filing of SARs with limited intelligence value. This contrasts with discretionary reporting in the USA: voluntary reporting guides and influences auditor behaviour rather than mandating it. Defensive filing by UK auditors (defence to anti-money launderings [DAMLs]) has increased in recent years but the number of SARs filed has declined.

Originality/value

The study evaluates auditor behavioural responses to legislative regimes which mandate or alternatively accommodate discretion in the reporting suspicion of money laundering. Consideration of constitutional and judicial activism in this context is a novel contribution to the literature. For its theoretical framework the study uses Foucault’s concept of discipline of the self to evaluate auditor behaviour under both regimes.

Details

Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 27 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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