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Presents a review on implementing finite element methods on supercomputers, workstations and PCs and gives main trends in hardware and software developments. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on the subjects retrospectively to 1985 and approximately 1,100 references are listed.

From the moment the ASU Libraries migrated from dumb terminals to PC workstations for access to electronic resources, there was great concern that these workstations would be used “inappropriately”. Whether students should be allowed to check their e‐mail from the workstations was debated, as was the need to restrict access to the Internet. The Information Technology division at the University was concerned with how the Library would provide accountability for anything that happened at a public workstation. After much discussion, it was decided that the Library PC workstations would provide unrestricted access to the Internet. Telnet access was limited to library‐related resources requiring Telnet, in an effort to keep students from doing computing assignments and personal e‐mail on these workstations. The systems department developed an approach to data collection that included both an observational system and an electronic data collection system, using sampling techniques, to collect data on the use of the PC workstations at the main library (Hayden) at Arizona State University. This presentation will describe the data collection techniques, the results of data analysis, and how the results of data analysis are being used to better manage the PC workstations in the Library.

Professional workstations are dedicated computers that possess sufficient hardware power and software capabilities to allow the routine performance of job‐related activities by professional users. The advent of these computers reflects current trends in decentralization and specialization of computer equipment. The paper presents an informal review of classes of workstations of potential interest to engineers and scientists. The review was motivated by projected computing needs in a software‐intensive research‐and‐development industrial laboratory.

THE APPLE MACINTOSH IN THE '90S: PROSPECTS AND DILEMMAS. Over the past six years, technological developments have encouraged librarians to migrate more and more of their computing tasks to the desktop. Routines once left to mainframes and minicomputers are now completed on personal computers and workstations in administrative offices, reference desks, and cataloging carrels. The Apple Macintosh has grown in the past five years to meet these needs of librarians, not in any organized fashion specifically designed for librarians, but as part of a larger trend of greater computing strength for a given price, in pace with hardware offerings from other manufacturers.

Presents the development of the Information Commons in the new Lied Library at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, from conceptualization to realization. Discusses the goals of the facility, including the need to create a space that simultaneously supports access, collaboration, and production in scholarly endeavors. Also addresses the impact of the Information Commons concept on patterns of service, and illustrates the challenges in designing Information Commons workstations, including such considerations as user authentication and resources for those with disabilities.

As a terminal hooked to a mainframe utility, the typical PC is an excellent example of a Trojan Horse. Although extremely versatile, these machines are perfectly capable of acting as dumb as the terminals they replaced. Many of them do. Nevertheless, they sit and wait for you to do something innovative. Through your own expertise or daring spirit, you may have placed a hard disk on the terminal, perhaps tried a few other programs such as word processors or maybe even a spreadsheet. Over time the terminal became a little smarter, capable of more and greater activities.

Looks at potential uses for old M300 series machines that have been replaced by newer models, and gives advice on how to go about upgrading the workstations in order that they can be used to their full potential in other areas. Highlights the point that upgrading needs to be carried out by somebody with at least some specialist knowledge, and that upgraded machines will still be much slower than new models.

Discusses why computer‐integrated manufacturing (CIM) is an important subject area that should be incorporated in technology‐focused coursework at the collegiate level. Presents an innovative and successfully implemented strategy for utilizing a CIM lab workstation in teaching a CIM course and provides a description of the workstation. Examines concept coverage and the pedagogical resources needed to support a CIM course. In this CIM course, several functional areas of business are integrated through hands‐on, real‐world projects. Discusses the numerous benefits of this interdisciplinary approach to student learning.

The advancement of electronic technology and popularity of computer use have resulted in a variety of work related hand, wrist and arm injuries in computer operators. The phenomenon has raised public consciousness about ergonomics and the study of how humans interact with their physical environment. This article includes an annotated bibliography of books, book chapters, magazines, journal articles, and Internet resources from 1990 to the present dealing primarily with library ergonomic issues and concerns. The publication is suitable for researchers, administrators, librarians, library staffs, subject specialists, ergonomic consultants, physical therapists, or anyone interested in the topic to identify and locate useful information resources on library ergonomics.