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This paper aims to investigate the effect of straight phenolic resin content on the fade behavior, frictions and wear characteristics of pre-determined brake pad composite matrix having specific amount of barite (BaSO₄), rock wool, Kevlar, graphite and magnetite.

Different amount of resin ranging between 16 and 20 wt. per cent were added by changing only the filler (barite) content of composite matrix. Subsequently, friction and wear behavior of the composite samples were analyzed using a special pin-on-disc type test system developed for brake pad sample. The worn surfaces were investigated by SEM and three-dimensional (3D) surface profilometer.

The average coefficient of friction (CoF) of composite samples and temperature of the disc surface showed a linear increase with decreasing the resin content. The sample having 20 wt. per cent resin showed the minimum wear rate with smooth worn surface. But the amount of fade is quite high in that sample. Decreasing resin content decreased the fade formation, and the composite with 16 per cent resin brought about the minimum fade formation. As the fade formation is unwanted in brake pad applications, the composite with 16 wt. per cent resin was proposed as the most appropriate one considering the performance parameters related to friction and wear.

This paper optimizes the resin content of composite brake pad materials to achieve the best combination of its tribo-performance and mechanical properties and provides valuable information for scientists and engineers working in that area.

The need for seeking alternate materials with increased performance in the field of composites revived this research, to prepare and evaluate the mechanical properties of e-glass and aloe vera fiber-reinforced with polyester and epoxy resin matrices.

The composites are prepared by hand layup method using E-glass and aloe vera fibers with length 5-6 mm. The resin used in the preparation of composites was epoxy and polyester. Fiber-reinforced composites were synthesized at 18:82 fiber–resin weight percentages. Samples prepared were tested to evaluate its mechanical and physical properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

SEM analysis revealed the morphological features. E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite exhibited better mechanical properties than other composite samples. The cross-linking density of monomers of the epoxy resin and addition of the short chopped E-glass fibers enhanced the properties of E-glass epoxy fiber-reinforced composite.

This research work enlists the properties of e-glass and aloe vera fiber-reinforced with polyester and epoxy resin matrices which has not been attempted so far.

In this study, TiO2 is used to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite material containing agave Americana fiber and polyester resin.

Agave Americana fiber was first treated with 5% of NaOH, and the composition of treated and untreated fiber was kept constant, whereas the particulate and resin were alternatively used. The handlay method is used to fabricate the composite plates. The morphology of the composites was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

The composite was composed of 30% treated agave Americana, 10% of TiO₂ particulates and 60% of a polyester resin for better and enhanced mechanical properties.

The composite can be used for aero-structural components, automobile components and other areas where light-weight components are required.

A new type of agave Americana fiber with TiO₂ and polyester resin composite was fabricated and investigated.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the usability of waste paper sludge on the production of composite materials and the printability of their surfaces were investigated.

First, composite plates were produced by using dried and milled waste sludge together with polyester resin and epoxy. Screen printing using water, solvent and UV-based inks were carried out.

It was determined that UV and solvent-based inks in both resin groups were permanently attached to the surface of composite plates produced using paper mill waste sludge, while it was found that the adhesion was not achieved sufficiently in cardboard factory waste sludge.

The unique aspect of this study is obtained the composite plates from paper mill and cardboard mill waste sludge and improved the printability of them.

The purpose of this study is to develop jute-glass hybrid fibre reinforced polyester-based bio-composites using an indigenously developed pultrusion set-up and to present a detailed discussion on their mechanical characterization.

The work was carried out to observe the hybridization effect of natural and synthetic fibres in combination with hybrid fillers loading mainly on strength and other properties. The used hybrid fillers were a combination of 9 Wt.% of carbon black%, 6 Wt.% of eggshell ash powder and 6 Wt.% of coconut coir ash powder. A lab-based developed pultrusion set-up was used to develop these hybrid GJFRP composites of 1,500 mm length. The developed composites were tested for tensile strength, compressive strength and impact strength.

The maximum tensile, compressive and impact strength obtained are 88.37 MPa, 56.13 MPa and 731.91 J/m from 9 Wt.%, 9 Wt.% and 0 Wt.% of hybrid fillers loading, respectively. Breaking energy was found maximum as 7.31 J in hybrid glass-jute hybrid fibre reinforced plastic composites with no filler loading and it was observed that filler loading was decreasing the impact strength of developed hybrid composites. Shrinkage and its variations in the diameter of the finally developed cylindrical shape composites were observed after cooling and solidification. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the internal cracks, bonding of fibres and resin, voids, etc.

Development of hybrid filler based novel eco-friendly bio-composites and its experimental investigation on the impact strength, tensile strength and compressive strength has not been attempted yet.

The industrial application of continuous glass fabric-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) is growing; however, the manufacturing boundedness of complex structures and the high cost of molds restrict their use. This research proposes a three-dimensional (3 D) printing process for GFRPCs that allows low-cost and rapid fabrication of complex composite parts.

The composite is manufactured using a digital light processing (DLP) based Vat-photopolymerization (VPP) process. For the composites, suitable resin material and glass fabrics are chosen based on their strength, stiffness, and printability. Jacob's working curve characterizes the curing parameters for adequate adhesion between the matrix and fabrics. The tensile and flexural properties were examined using UTM. The fabric distribution and compactness of the cured resin were analyzed in scanning electron microscopy.

The result showed that the object could print at a glass fabric content of 40 volume%. In DLP-based VPP printing technology, the adequate exposure time was found to be 30 seconds for making a GFRPC. The tensile strength and Young's modulus values were increased by 5.54 and 8.81 times, respectively than non-reinforced cured specimens. The flexural strength and modulus were also effectively increased to 2.8 and 3 times more than the neat specimens. In addition, the process is found to help fabricate the functional component.

The experimental procedure to fabricate GFRPC specimens through DLP-based AM is a spectacular experimental approach.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the preparation and the flexural property of hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) filled resin-matrix composites, which have been widely applied in deep-sea fields.

The composites with different contents of HGMs from 47 to 57 Wt.% were studied. The voids in syntactic foams and their flexural properties were investigated.

The results showed that the voids quantity increased because of the increment of HGM content, whereas the exural strength and the exural modulus decreased. The fracture mechanism of the composites was also investigated by scanning electron microscope, which indicated that the composites failed by the crack extending through the microspheres.

The advantages of HGMs with similar hollow spheres will be further investigated in a future research.

Results demonstrated that the properties of the composite might be tailored for specific application conditions by changing the HGM volume fraction.

The HGM filled resin-matrix composite materials have their unique properties and significant application potential. In this work, the resin-HGM composites were synthesized by mechanically mixing defined quantities of HGMs into epoxy resin, by which a kind of syntactic foams with good flexural properties could be obtained.

The growing environmental awareness all through the world has motivated a standard change toward planning and designing better materials having good performance, which are very much suited to the environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact on mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties of sawdust-based composites reinforced by epoxy, and the amount of sawdust in each form.

Manufacturing of the sawdust reinforced epoxy composites is the main area of the research for promoting the green composite by having good mechanical properties, biodegradability or many applications. Throughout this research work, the authors emphasize the importance of explaining the methodology for the evaluation of the mechanical and water absorption properties of the sawdust reinforced epoxy composites used by researchers.

In this paper, a comprehensive review of the mechanical properties of sawdust reinforced epoxy composite is presented. This study is reported about the use of different Wt.% of sawdust composites prepared by different processes and their mechanical, thermal and water absorption properties. It is studied that after optimum filler percentage, mechanical, thermal properties gradually decrease, but water absorption property increases with Wt.% of sawdust. The changes in the microstructure are studied by using scanning electron microscopy.

The novelty of this study lies in its use of a systematic approach that offers a perspective on choosing suitable processing parameters for the fabrication of composite materials for persons from both industry and academia. A study of sawdust reinforced epoxy composites guides new researchers in the fabrication and characterization of the materials.

This paper aims to study strength properties and accuracy of a new type of composites, in which matrix is manufactured additively, whereas infill is a polyurethane resin. The process of manufacturing these composites is invented and patented by authors.

The authors developed a method of manufacturing composites, which was then used to build samples for tensile and bending tests (according to ISO 572 and ISO 178 standards), as well as measurements of accuracy.

It was found that the method of composite manufacturing designed by the authors allows obtaining both stronger and cheaper parts in comparison with the traditional acrylonitrile butadiene styrene FDM parts.

The research was limited to static tests only, and no dynamic tests were performed on the manufactured samples. The accuracy analysis is only a basic one.

Developed method allows to shorten the FDM process with simultaneous decrease of costs (in professional processes) and increase of strength of obtained products.

Application of composite materials presented in the paper will significantly expand possibilities of using FDM method to manufacture functional, strong parts able to carry higher loads. Application of different combinations of thermoplastic matrix materials with different resin infills will allow to control properties of obtained composites. The solution is currently subject of a patent.

This paper aims to evaluate the resin infiltration influence on the mechanical properties of components 3D printed by the material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM), also known as fused deposition modeling and commonly uses the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as depositing material. Improvements in their mechanical properties are desirable due failure resulting from the extrusion process. In this way, resin infiltration is considered a candidate solution to enhance 3D printed components’ strength.

The mechanical properties of AM samples produced with and without the resin infiltration were assessed under torsion, tensile and flexural stresses. Torsional tests are rarely found applied for this case, an alternative torsion test developed by one of the authors was used. The torsion modulus (G) is obtained without the Poisson’s ratio, which is usually unknown for recently made composites. Scanning electron microscopy was also done to verify the resin infiltration on the samples.

Results demonstrated that the resin infiltration on ABS can improve the mechanical properties of samples compared to non-infiltrated. The tensile and bending strength increased more than 6%. Both Young’s and torsion modulus also presented a significant increase. The samples did not present any considerable change in their weight property.

This paper discusses on resin infiltration on print ABS, as to produce a composite material, enhancing ABS properties without gaining weight. This paper also used the torsion modulus instead of the common approach of bringing only tensile and flexure strength.