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1 – 10 of over 6000Sukhendu Deb Roy and M. Jagadesh Kumar
The main purpose of this paper is to find a simple method to improve the breakdown voltage of BJTs fabricated on SOI.
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to find a simple method to improve the breakdown voltage of BJTs fabricated on SOI.
Design/methodology/approach
We have used two‐dimensional device simulation to examine the effect of a collector tub on the collector breakdown of the SOI based BJTs. This method involves creating a collector tub by etching the buried oxide followed by an n‐type implantation on the collector n/n+ junction side.
Findings
First, our method reduces the peak electric field at the silicon film‐BOX interface and secondly, the collector‐tub facilitates the collector potential to be absorbed by both collector drift and substrate regions improving the collector breakdown significantly.
Practical implications (if applicable)
An improved breakdown voltage improves the reliability of BJTs on SOI.
Originality/value
Our results show that the BVCEO of the bipolar transistors with a collector‐tub is enhanced by 2.7 times when compared with a conventional lateral bipolar transistor (LBT) with identical drift region doping. This improvement has an important practical value in the fabrication of SOI‐based LBTs.
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This paper aims to study the electric sliding wear performance of a rigid overhead line/contact strips and to find an optimal overhead line/contact strip pair to minimize the wear…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the electric sliding wear performance of a rigid overhead line/contact strips and to find an optimal overhead line/contact strip pair to minimize the wear of the contact strip under direct current (DC) passage.
Design/methodology/approach
The tribological characteristics of an overhead line against four contact strips with DC were experimentally investigated using a block-on-disc tester. The wear and temperature of the contact strips were collected and analysed. The severe wear mechanism of the contact strips was discussed.
Findings
Using Taguchi’s method, DC was found to be the most important factor affecting the wear and temperature of current collectors, the normal force being the second and the sliding velocity the weakest. The abnormal wear of current collectors was attributed to arc ablation and poor thermal stability of collectors. The wear performances of current collectors could be optimized by matching different Cu-impregnated carbon strips with the Cu–Ag wire and the wear of current collectors could be reduced by selecting the appropriate normal force, DC and sliding velocity.
Originality/value
Among all test parameters such as the DC, normal force, sliding speed and collector type, DC was identified as the most important factor affecting the wear and temperature of contact strips for the first time. The arc ablation and thermal stability of collectors were considered to be two main factors affecting the wear of the collectors.
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K. Horio and A. Nakatani
Cutoff frequency ƒT characteristics for AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs with planar structures are studied, by two‐dimensional simulation, with an emphasis placed on their dependences on the…
Abstract
Cutoff frequency ƒT characteristics for AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs with planar structures are studied, by two‐dimensional simulation, with an emphasis placed on their dependences on the collector parameters. It is shown that the sub‐collector resistance becomes an important factor to achieve a higher ƒT in the high current region, and so it should be made as low as possible. Effects of introducing semi‐insulating external collectors are also studied. It is shown that the introduction of semi‐insulating layer is effective to improve the ƒT characteristics provided that it is slightly away from the intrinsic collector region.
Fahim Ullah, Min Kang, Lubna Hassan, Ninghui Li, Jun Yang, Xingsheng Wang and Mansoor Khan Khattak
The purpose of the study was to develop a performance flat-plate solar collector that would be used as a solar drier for fruit fig (Ficus carica L). This study proposes how and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to develop a performance flat-plate solar collector that would be used as a solar drier for fruit fig (Ficus carica L). This study proposes how and why solar energy is important for drying the agricultural products. This study aims to expand the domain of solar collector for different purposes and, most important, for agricultural resource normally found in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an exploratory study using the flat-plate solar collector with drying chamber for drying purposes of agricultural products. During the experiment, the data were collected with moisture content, drying rate of the product and solar irradiation falls on the collector.
Findings
This paper describes that how flat-plate collector works for agricultural products and how to reduce the moisture content in the product (fig). Efficiency of collector was evaluated under the ambient temperatures of 24°C. Efficiency also significantly increased from 53 to 55 per cent with an increase in ambient temperature from 22 to 24 °C. Figs (Ficus carica L) were dried in the drying chamber of the flat-plate solar collector. The products were dried at temperature of 55-65°C and 15 to 20 per cent humidity.
Research limitations/implications
Because of this research chosen, the research results are beneficiary for agricultural users for drying purposes. Therefore, the researchers are encouraged to dry the agricultural product with flat-plate solar collector, because it reduced the moisture content of the product very fast.
Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study that how flat-plat solar collector can be used.
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Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate whether and to what extent economic transactions are influenced by social structures, power distributions, and cultural…
Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to investigate whether and to what extent economic transactions are influenced by social structures, power distributions, and cultural understandings through an analysis of exchange at a scrap metal yard in Chicago.
Methodology/Approach – Between March 2000 and December 2002, 72 interviews were conducted with collectors who bring metal to City Iron. With 16 of these collectors the author had a working relationship, assisting the collector in all aspects of the job. Data were coded and analyzed with the assistance of NVIVO, a qualitative data management program.
Findings – The author finds that market transactions are not impersonal and that moral characterizations matter. In this universally risky business in which some level of in-market cheating is expected, material and moral appraisals become intertwined as participants look to extra-market cues and clues in evaluating with whom to transact and how. While the ascription of ethnicity serves as a proxy for the particularistic judgment of trustworthiness, this sorting is accomplished and legitimated by an ostensibly universal moral discourse. Actors evaluate each other using a moral yardstick, paying as much – if not more – attention to what one believes the other is doing when not working as to when one is.
Originality/Value of paper – By focusing on exchange-in-interaction and articulating how economic transactions are culturally embedded, this research contributes to scholarship in the sociologies of work and economies, and provides a glimpse into an understudied work world.
The process of commercialization of art is often referred to as “monetization,” denoting the use of art as an investment class. I discuss the reverse mechanism, defined as…
Abstract
The process of commercialization of art is often referred to as “monetization,” denoting the use of art as an investment class. I discuss the reverse mechanism, defined as “Monet-ization,” where investment is overlaid with artistic value, and unproven art is imbued with aesthetic qualities. This mechanism is derived from a historical overview of key periods in the history of art, such as the flourishing of new genres in early 17th century Dutch art and the rise of Modern art in the early 20th century. An analysis of original data on the leading art collectors in the world in the period 1990–2015 highlights the tendency for collectors with an “investor” profile and eclectic taste to buy contemporary art. Combining artworks from diverse periods and styles, eclectic personal collections contribute to the conversion of economic into aesthetic value by way of spill-overs across genres and to the attribution by association of “old” value to “new” art. The “Monet-ization” process helps elucidate how paradigm shifts occur in the art world and how innovation survives under conditions of insufficient demand.
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Daiane Scaraboto, Marcia Christina Ferreira and Emily Chung
The purpose of this study is to examine the interplay between the curatorial practices of consumers as collectors and the materiality of the collected objects. In particular, this…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the interplay between the curatorial practices of consumers as collectors and the materiality of the collected objects. In particular, this study explores how the material substances of collected objects shapes curatorial practices and how the ongoing use of the collected objects challenges curatorial practices.
Methodology/approach
Taking advantage of the publicization of once-private collections on social media, we collect 111 YouTube videos created by plastic shoe aficionados. Drawing from visual anthropology and theorizations of materiality, we analyze consumer interactions with the objects they collect.
Findings
This study’s findings elucidate consumers’ interactions with the material substances of the objects they collect and demonstrate how these interactions shape the ways in which consumers curate their collections, including how they wear, care for, catalog, and display the collected objects.
Research implications
Our findings have implications for theorization on consumer collections, consumer identity, and consumer participation in brand communities and are relevant for consumer researchers who study the interactions and relationships between consumers and consumption objects.
Originality/value
This study is the first to re-examine consumers as collectors to extend and update consumer research on the curatorial practices of physical, wearable collectibles. This study sets the foundations for further research to advance our understanding of consumers as collectors as well as to illuminate other theories and aspects of consumer research that consider consumer–object interactions.
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Arch G. Woodside, Xiang (Robert) Li and Karlan Muniz
“Country-collectors” (CCs) are defined here as international leisure travelers who have visited 6 + countries within the five most recent calendar years primarily to pursue…
Abstract
“Country-collectors” (CCs) are defined here as international leisure travelers who have visited 6 + countries within the five most recent calendar years primarily to pursue leisure activities. The study here contributes by offering an early workbench model of antecedents, paths, and outcomes of country-collectors’ evaluations and behavior toward countries as place-brands competing for such visitors. This study reports findings from a large-scale omnibus survey in three large Japanese cities (total n = 1,200). Key findings support the model and the following conclusions. Generally, country-collectors represent a small share of a nation’s adult population (less than 5%) but over 40% of the total leisure trips abroad; country-collectors are classifiable into distinct sub-segments according to the country place-brands that they visit; CC sub-segments, less frequent international leisure travelers, and stay-in-country travelers and non-travelers each offer unique assessments of competing countries as place-brands. National place-brand strategists planning a marketing campaign to influence a given nation’s residents to visit a specific destination (e.g., persuading Japanese nationals to visit the United States) may increase the campaign’s effectiveness by using this workbench model. The study offers a blueprint of how to appraise strengths and weaknesses of competing national place-brands among realized and potential visitors in specific national markets.
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Bibhas Chandra Giri and Sushil Kumar Dey
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of greening and promotional effort dependent stochastic market demand on the remanufacturer's and the collector's profits…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of greening and promotional effort dependent stochastic market demand on the remanufacturer's and the collector's profits when the quality of used products for remanufacturing is uncertain in a reverse supply chain.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model is developed to obtain optimal profits for the remanufacturer, the collector and the whole supply chain. Both the centralized and decentralized scenarios are considered. To motivate the collector through profit enhancement, the remanufacturer designs a cost-sharing contract. Through numerical examples and sensitivity analysis, the consequences of greenness and promotional effort on optimal profits are investigated.
Findings
The results show that the remanufacturer gets benefited from greening and promotional effort enhancement. However, a higher value of minimum acceptable quality level decreases the profits of the manufacturer and the collector. A cost-sharing contract coordinates the supply chain and improves the remanufacturer's and the collector's profits. Besides green innovation, remanufacturing mitigates the harmful effects of waste in the environment.
Originality/value
Two different viewpoints of remanufacturing are considered here – environmental sustainability and economic sustainability. This paper considers a reverse supply chain with a remanufacturer who remanufactures the used products collected by the collector. The quality of used products is uncertain, and customer demand is stochastic, green and promotional effort sensitive. These two types of uncertainty with green and promotional effort sensitive customer demand differs the current paper from the existing literature.
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Uttam Kumar Khedlekar and Priyanka Singh
For smooth running of business affairs, there needs to be a coordination among manufacturer, collector and retailer in forward and reverse supply chain. This paper handles the…
Abstract
Purpose
For smooth running of business affairs, there needs to be a coordination among manufacturer, collector and retailer in forward and reverse supply chain. This paper handles the problem of making pricing, collecting and percentage sharing decisions in a closed-loop supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of responsibility sharing percentage on the profits of a manufacturer, a retailer and a collector. The paper further aims to understand the mutual interactions among decision variables and profit functions. It also determines the optimal selling price, optimal time, wholesale price, sharing percentage and optimal return rate in such a manner that the profit function is maximized.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors presented a three-echelon model consisting of a manufacturer, a retailer and a collector in the closed-loop supply chain and optimized the profits of each supply chain member. The authors introduced SRR models for the remanufacturing by providing some percentage of physical and financial support to the collector. Optimization techniques have been applied to obtain optimal solutions. Numerical examples and graphical representations of the optimal solutions are provided to illustrate the model.
Findings
This study stresses on profitable value retrieval from returned products, and it discusses how responsibility sharing can improve profitability and reduce the workload of an individual. In total, three main results are found. First, sharing and coordination among chain members can improve collector’s profit. Second, supply chain performance may also improve over time. Third, the profit of each member of the supply chain increases with an increase in sharing percentage up to a certain limit. So, the manufacturer can share the responsibility of the collector under a fixed limit.
Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of this model is that there is no difference between manufactured and remanufactured products. There are many correlated issues that need to be further investigated. The future study in this direction may include multi-retailer, stochastic demand patterns.
Practical implications
It is directly utilized by supply chain industries in which coordination among chain members is still needed to maximize profits. This information enables the manufacturer to assist the collector financially or physically for the proper management of the three-layer supply chain. The present work will form a guideline to choose the appropriate parameter(s) and mathematical technique(s) in different situations for remanufacturable products.
Social implications
From the management point of view, this study delivers the strongest result to remanufacturing companies and for whom effective and efficient coordination among chain members is vital to the overall performance of the supply chain.
Originality/value
There are very few studies that consider the remanufacturing of used products under a fixed time period. The authors considered selling price-sensitive and time-dependent exponentially declining demand. This model is developed by considering all possible help to a collector from manufacturer to collect used products from consumers. This research complements past research by showing coordination among supply chain members within a fixed time horizon.
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