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This research aims to explore the research data ethics governance framework and collaborative network to optimize research data ethics governance practices, to balance the relationship between data development and utilization, open sharing, data security and to reduce the ethical risks that may arise from data sharing and utilization.

This study explores the framework and collaborative network of research data ethics policies by using the UK as an example. 78 policies from the UK government, university, research institution, funding agency, publisher, database, library and third-party organization are obtained. Adopting grounded theory (GT) and social network analysis (SNA), Nvivo12 is used to analyze these samples and summarize the research data ethics governance framework. Ucinet and Netdraw are used to reveal collaborative networks in policy.

Results indicate that the framework covers governance context, subject and measure. The content of governance context contains context description and data ethics issues analysis. Governance subject consists of defining subjects and facilitating their collaboration. Governance measure includes governance guidance and ethics governance initiatives in the data lifecycle. The collaborative network indicates that research institution plays a central role in ethics governance. The core of the governance content are ethics governance initiatives, governance guidance and governance context description.

This research provides new insights for policy analysis by combining GT and SNA methods. Research data ethics and its governance are conceptualized to complete data governance and research ethics theory.

A research data ethics governance framework and collaborative network are revealed, and actionable guidance for addressing essential aspects of research data ethics and multiple subjects to confer their functions in collaborative governance is provided.

This study analyzes policy text using qualitative and quantitative methods, ensuring fine-grained content profiling and improving policy research. A typical research data ethics governance framework is revealed. Various stakeholders' roles and priorities in collaborative governance are explored. These contribute to improving governance policies and governance levels in both theory and practice.

The ups and downs of the stock markets are consistently in the news. All things considered, there's no end to reporting the trajectory of volatility. Wide value changes in stock prices are a daily event in any stock market as speculators respond to monetary, business, and political situations. The main question is − did the Indian stock market develop a speculative bubble during the time of the US subprime crisis? Also, in terms of knowledge gained for an investor or a policy maker, we ask the following question: As to what extent are speculative bubbles predictable during a financial crisis? Knowledge gained by investors is also a part and parcel of an applied knowledge economy in a broader dimension.

In this chapter, the authors use a speculative bubble tracker, based on a Wiener stochastic process, to check for the existence of speculative bubbles during the 2008–2009 US subprime crisis. The data used in the study are daily SENSEX values (i.e., combination of stock prices of 30 well-established, most actively traded stocks of financially sound companies listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange) for the period between December 2007 and December 2009. Using such forms of daily data, the authors trace out the price movements using a Brownian motion equation and hence, try to correlate the stock price fluctuations with fluctuations in the crisis index (as put together by the authors) in the Indian context. Interestingly, for India, such a speculative bubble was prevalent during the time period considered pertaining to the 2008 US subprime crisis.

Summing up, the implication in terms of knowledge gained is particularly of interest for the portfolio managers who are engaged in devising diversification strategies for their portfolios.

This paper aims to provide an approach to print shell-type objects using a 5-axis printer. The proposed approach takes advantage of the two additional printer degrees of freedom to provide a curved layer path planning strategy.

This paper addresses curved layer path planning on a 5-axis printer. This printer considers movements along the three usual axes together with two additional axes at the printing table (rotation and tilt), allowing to build more complex and reliable objects. Curved layer path planning is considered where polygons obtained from the slicing stage are approximated by linear and cubic splines. The proposed printing strategy consists in building an inner core supporting structure followed by outer curved layers.

The curved layer path planning strategy is validated for shell-type objects by considering a 5-axis printer simulator. An example with an aeronautic object is presented to illustrate the proposed approach.

The paper presents an approach to curved layer path planning on a 5-axis printer, for shell-type objects.

The formation of an aerospace complex in São José dos Campos (SP-Brazil) reflects a process of path dependence, which has favored sectorial technological development and innovation. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the pattern of relationships established between Embraer, the Technological Institute of Aeronautics, the National Institute of Space Research (INPE) and the institutes linked to the Aerospace Technical Center (CTA).

Using patents as a proxy for inventive activity, the authors carried out social networks analysis based on collaboration maps elaborated considering co-assignees in institutional patents.

Over time, Embraer became the main inventor of patentable technologies and a central player in the network of the aerospace complex at São José dos Campos.

Several public institutions analyzed pertain to the Brazilian Ministry of Defence. Therefore, inventive activity may be confidential, which implies a limitation in the analysis.

With acquisition of Embraer by the US company Boeing, there could be a loss of the company's technical capacity in product development. The paper argues that the aerospace complex itself might also be impacted, considering that Embraer is the most relevant inventor of patentable knowledge locally in recent decades.

La formación de un complejo aeroespacial en São José dos Campos (SP-Brasil) refleja un proceso de path dependence de la ciudad en pro del desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en el sector aeroespacial. En este sentido, el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar las relaciones establecidas entre la Embraer, el Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (INPE) y los institutos vinculados al Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA).

Utilizando las patentes como proxy para atividade inovativa, se realizaron análisis de redes sociales a partir de mapas de colaboración elaborados considerando la copropiedad de patentes pertenecientes a las instituciones analizadas.

A través del tiempo, Embraer se convirtió en la principal inventora de tecnologías patentables y actor central en la red del complejo tecnológico de São José dos Campos.

La mayoría de las instituciones seleccionadas para la realización del artículo pertenecen al organigrama del Ministerio de Defensa. Por lo tanto, pueden existir proyectos que son sigilosos, no siendo expuestos al conocimiento público, lo que implica una limitación de los análisis a las patentes encontradas.

Con la adquisición de Embraer por Boeing, es posible la pérdida de la capacidad técnica de la empresa para el desarrollo de nuevas productos, el artículo discute que el propio complejo tecnológico aeronáutico también pondrá ser impactado, que Embraer es la mayor productora de conocimiento patentable en el sector en el período reciente.

A formação de um complexo aeroespacial em São José dos Campos (SP-Brasil) reflete um processo de path dependence da cidade em prol do desenvolvimento e da inovação tecnológica no setor aeroespacial. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os padrões de relacionamento entre a Embraer, o Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) e os institutos vinculados ao Centro Técnico Aeroespacial (CTA).

Utilizando as patentes como proxy para atividades inovativas, foram realizadas análises de redes sociais a partir de mapas de colaboração elaborados considerando a co-titularidade de patentes pertencentes às instituições analisadas.

Ao longo do tempo, a Embraer tornou-se a principal inventora de tecnologias patenteáveis e ator central na rede do complexo tecnológico de São José dos Campos.

Diversas instituições analisadas pertencem ao Ministério da Defesa brasileiro. Logo, a atividade inovativa pode ser sigilosa, não sendo exposta ao conhecimento público, o que implica em uma limitação das análises às patentes encontradas.

A conclusão da compra da Embraer pela Boeing pode implicar na perda da capacidade técnica da empresa para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, o artigo discute que o próprio complexo aeroespacial também seria impactado, considerando que Embraer é a maior inventora de conhecimento patenteável no setor em período recente.

A new type of high‐level robot command library is presented, which can be viewed as a marriage between simulation and control. The library commands contain simulations of the physical abilities of the robots as well as having the ability to control the physical machinery. The control of the machinery is performed by translating parameter information and then mapping the library commands to the robot controller commands. To demonstrate the use of the libraries, two robot programming languages have been analysed and new robot command libraries created for two types of machine. The robots selected were a Fanuc A600 and a Unimation PUMA robot. The paper also presents criteria that were used for assessing programming languages for use in programming and controlling robots. The paper shows how simulation can be incorporated into a high‐level robot command library (or object library) and how the command library can be used for the programming of industrial robots. The work has demonstated the advantages of including simulation within robot command libraries. The purpose of the research has not been to define another new robot command library, and the techniques presented here can be applied to other robot languages and high level robot command libraries.

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the friction and wear performance of grooves textured cylindrical roller thrust bearings with different groove dimensions under starved lubrication.

The groove dimensions include: width of grooves (WOG, 50 µm, 100 µm and 150 µm), depth of grooves (DPOG, 7 µm, 11 µm and 15 µm) as well as groove deflection angle (GDA, 45°). A fiber laser marking system was used to prepare groove patterns on the raceways of shaft washers. The friction and wear properties of grooves textured bearings were researched through a vertical universal wear test rig using a customized roller bearing tribo-pair under starved lubrication. Static finite element analyses were conducted to reveal their surface stresses. Through the comprehensive comparison and analyses, the influence mechanism of grooves on the tribological behavior of cylindrical roller thrust bearings was proposed and discussed.

When grooves textured bearings run under starved lubrication, their average coefficients of friction (COFs) and wear losses are all significantly reduced and much lower than those of smooth group. The influence of DPOG on the COF curves is significant, while the influence of WOG on the COF curves is a little weak. The influence of groove dimensions on the surface stresses of grooves textured bearings is weak, whether the WOG or DPOG. In this work, when the WOG is 100 µm and the DPOG is 15 µm, its average COF and wear loss are both the lowest, 0.0066 and 0.61 mg, respectively. Compared with the data of smooth group, its friction coefficient is reduced by 75.3% and its mass loss is reduced by 95.8%, showing a significant improvement in this condition.

This work can provide a valuable reference for the raceway design and reliability optimization of rolling element bearings.

The purpose of this paper is to report the tribological behavior of dimples textured rolling element bearings (REBs) under variable load and starved lubrication.

The pattern parameters include line-diameter of dimples (200 µm, 250 µm, 300 µm), depth of dimples (10 µm, 20 µm, 30 µm). Dimple patterns were prepared on the raceways of the shaft washers of cylindrical roller thrust bearings (CRTBs). A vertical wear test rig was used to obtain their coefficients of friction (COFs) under stepped load (1200–6000 N, with a manually increase of 1200 N every 3600 s) and starved lubrication. The wear losses and worn surfaces were characterized. The tribological performance between stepped load and fixed load (4000 N) was compared. The influence mechanism of dimples on the friction and wear properties of CRTBs under stepped load and starved lubrication was also discussed.

Compared with the data of smooth ones, the average COFs of the dimples textured bearings are almost all reduced under stepped load and starved lubrication, while their mass losses almost all get higher. The depth−diameter ratio and the effective volume coefficient of dimples are the important factors. In this work, compared with the smooth group, when the line-diameter of dimple is 250 µm and the depth is 20 µm, i.e. the depth−diameter ratio is 0.08, its average COF is reduced by 46.8% and its mass loss is reduced by about 7%, showing wonderful friction-reducing effect and good wear resistance.

This work can provide a reference for the raceway design of REBs.

As social media technologies permeate public life, the current forms of collaboration between government and non-government stakeholders are changing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how social media use reconfigures the organizing practices around such collaboration. A case study of a collaborative e-government project showcases how emergent organizing practices through external social media differ from existing ones along the dimensions of time, task, team and transition.

This paper presents a case study of a collaborative e-government project on open data, organized by Shanghai Municipality, local businesses, universities and non-governmental organizations, using an external social media platform, WeChat. Adopting the theoretical lens of temporary organization, the paper identifies the key aspects of change emerged in the organizing practices of this collaboration.

The findings outline how the use of external social media reconfigures the collaboration between government and non-government stakeholders along the four dimensions of time, task, team and transition. The new form of collaboration is reconfigured along the lines of (1) an ad hoc and non-linear management of time; (2) discursive task creation, assignment and engagement among stakeholders; (3) a serendipitous engagement of team members based on expertise; and (4) a shift in formal and informal organizing practices.

This paper provides insights on the use of external social media for collaboration in e-government research and develops the concept of temporary organization in a sociomaterial setting. It also provides practical suggestions on how to manage new forms of public projects leveraging on the capacity of external social media.

This chapter presents a study on the work of commercial diplomats as international business promoters at foreign posts. Research has largely overlooked the actual roles and activities of commercial diplomats in explaining the effectiveness of commercial diplomacy and international business support. In this study, it is assumed that commercial diplomats’ behavior is influenced by informal institutions. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 23 commercial diplomats at foreign posts from different countries were conducted and analyzed. The results show three different types of role behavior and differences in proactivity per type. Informal institutions such as background, skills, and experience, cultural differences, and the working environment suggest to explain the differences in levels of proactive international business support behavior of commercial diplomats. Further research is needed to assert these findings.

Aiming at the positioning accuracy control problem in the running of the assembly machine for assembled camshaft, a kind of position controller based on the feedforward‐feedback control of speed and acceleration is designed.

It combines feedforward‐feedback control with the quartic displacement curve acceleration/deceleration algorithm.

The axial dimension and the phase angle of the cam obtained after being assembled is checked. The result shows that for each type of camshaft, the error of the axial dimension of the cam is less than ±0.2mm and the error of the phase angle of the cam is less than ±30′. In addition, production efficiency is greatly improved (the assembling time is 90‐120S/piece).

The paper combines feedforward‐feedback control with the quartic displacement curve acceleration/deceleration algorithm for the first time.