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Cloning software is now becoming quite popular in all types of libraries. Pricing is such that even smaller libraries can afford it. Cloning software basically takes an image of an entire hard drive and stores it on some kind of medium such as zip disks, compact disks, or a server’s hard drive. It can be used to roll out a group of new computers or as a backup system. It can be especially helpful to libraries that have limited staffing resources to devote to troubleshooting computer software problems. If a software problem occurs on a computer, it can basically be restored in a matter of minutes to the state it was in at the time the image was created. It is well worth the cost when purchasing computers in bulk for a new building or replacing a group of old computers. It is wise to consider a couple of things before going into the cloning business. First, design the images carefully. Second, create a method to track the images after they have been created. This article describes how cloning software can benefit a library as well as designing and tracking the images for most efficient usage.

The issue of cloned food labeling came to the forefront on January 15, 2008, with the release of a controversial report by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This paper aims to explore issues surrounding cloned food sources, specifically the increasingly vocal demands by the American public for mandatory labeling.

This paper reviews literature to examine the culture and structure of the FDA over the past ten years. Ethical, economic and public health concerns surrounding cloned food sources are also examined. Comparisons are made to the shared history of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Political process and implementation of the Cloned Food Labeling Act (S. 414) are explored.

The FDA faces legal and cultural pressure to speed medications to market. The processes created by this struggle also affect the regulation of agriculture; this can be seen in the similar histories of GMOs and cloned food. Ethical issues surrounding cloned food labeling include animal welfare and the usurpation of the creator's role. Other ethical issues are entwined in health and economic concerns. Health issues include the capacity of the FDA to track allergic reactions and the possibility of future protein abnormalities among consumers. Environmental and herd health are identified as more global health concerns.

The combined economics of the biotech cloning and agricultural industries invert the usual law of supply and demand. This economic dynamic may either hurt small farmers or potentially benefit those who eschew cloning due to ethical or financial constraints. The current political climate exerts an interesting dynamic on the cloned food labeling debate. Consumer issues are pushed aside in the excitement of a new administration and more pressing issues such as the recessed economy. Biotech industries have the ability to maintain focus in the midst of distracting national issues; however, legislative opponents may have newfound strength with a majority congress.

Functioning as an historical overview and theoretical framework for those studying cloned food safety and labeling issues, this paper is useful in engendering ethical discussions. It also highlights the need for statistical and public health research on cloned food safety.

Produced by a local subsidiary of a global media conglomerate, a licensed clone of Who Wants to be a Millionaire? achieved the highest‐ever ratings in India in the early 2000s, spawning unlicensed clones among its rival channels. This paper seeks to analyse the cultural and economic factors behind this most widely acknowledged example of television format adaptation in India.

Through interviews with media‐owners, programme producers, and advertising agencies, an insider perspective was sought on why some clones had succeeded and others had not in India's competitive television market.

As with other forms of franchising in developing and transitional economies, the industry rationales for adapting television programmes, global and local, prove to be a paradoxical mix of economic pragmatism and cultural hybridity.

The strategy of cloning television raises complex issues of imitation versus inspiration within the increasingly globalised media industries of emerging markets.

The paper examines the impetus for cloning across a variety of programme genre in India.

The purpose of this paper is to assess whether China’s public sector can continue to generate advanced genetically modified (GM) technologies that will be competitive in the market.

The authors investigated all the research teams that have been conducting research projects under the variety development special program. The data collected include detail information on research capacity, research areas, performance, and process of their research projects. Based on the survey data, the authors assessed the innovations and progress of the variety development special program.

Unlike other countries, most GM products in China are developed by public research institutes. There is rising concern on the ability of China’s public sector to continuously generate indigenous GM technology that can compete with multinational companies. The study surveyed 197 research institutes and 487 research teams and found that the GM program in China lacks coordination: researchers do not want to share their research materials with others. Due to the lack of coordination, most of the hundreds of research teams often worked independently in the year 2008-2010. Moreover, the authors found the lack of coordination may be due to the reason that the interests of researchers are not well protected. This paper also provided the recent progress and policy changes of GM program in China, and it found that the efficiency in the later three years improved a lot. In order to establish a competitive national public GM research system, China should continuously consolidate and integrate the upstream, midstream, and downstream activities of the whole GM innovation process. China’s public sector may also need to work more closely with both the domestic and international private sectors.

This paper is a comprehensive analysis on the development of transgenic technology in China. The results of this paper can provide evidence for the dynamic adjustment of the policies in the variety development special program and can also provide reference for the future assessment of the variety development special program.

The announcement in February 1997, that scientists at the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh and at PPL Therapeutics had successfully cloned a sheep from another adult sheep raised many interesting questions. Ignoring the hotly debated and important ethical issues, this note explores the potential consequences of this breakthrough for vertical co‐ordination in meat supply chains. By reducing the biological variation inherent in animal production, cloning technology could allow the final quality of meat products to be linked more closely to managerial ability. It may result in closer contractual relationships between farmers, processors and retailers. This would bring with it, however, the problems of asset specificity and increased risks of opportunism for farmers if they invest in livestock with a specific genetic code for a single buyer. The purpose of this short paper is to raise interesting questions which bear further investigation rather than to offer definitive answers to these questions.

The pupose of this paper is twofold. First, to consider the cultural reception of recent developments in genetic technology and human reproduction, particularly in relation to the prospect of human cloning and the advent of the “designer human”; and second, to explore the ways in which public discussion of these developments presuppose and recast issues of diversity, difference and (in)equality.

The research draws upon UK print media sources (broadsheet and tabloid newspapers) over the past two decades to examine the ways in which cultural expectations concerning developments in reproductive technology are commonly expressed. It does not aim at a quantitative examination of the content of what was said; rather it seeks to explore how it was said and thus the discursive resources that were employed in doing so.

The paper suggests that images of “technology” function simultaneously as “mirrors of society”, providing a means for articulating and rhetorically rehearsing the various philosophical antinomies and moral conflicts that characterize social organization.

The paper adopts a novel approach to the question of diversity, difference and (in)equality by considering the “monsters” discursively associated with recent developments in genetic and reproductive technology as well as the “monstrous” forms of social organization that they foreshadow.

Human reproductive technologies and reproductive rights have been controversial issues for two decades. As cloning techniques develop, it appears that they will only increase their role as one of society’s most controversial subjects. In this annotated bibliography, Rupp‐Serrano presents articles and books written from 1990 through 1997 that address reproductive rights and technologies, as well as relevant Web sites. Her focus is primarily on the United States, with some contributions from Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Items addressing birth control, cloning, and abortion are not included; nor are materials from medicine and law that are highly technical in nature.

This paper describes the field of biotechnology and likely advances in health care, agricultural and other applications in industry, environmental science and energy over the next 15 years. The intent is to give those without a background in the life sciences a perspective of the broad scope of biotechnology. The forecasts at the end of each section illustrate some advances as well as some of the benefits and risks to society that might occur during the next 15 years.

Subsidiaries of French companies operating in the US discover, as do other European firms, that success in America's fiercely competitive market fosters competitive clones. Competitors learn to clone products with proven profitability and to flood confirmed markets with aggressive promotion and price cutting. A competitive response to such cloning requires mutual trust between French companies and their American executives.