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21 – 30 of over 29000Yunsoo Lee, Ji Hoon Song and Soo Jung Kim
This paper aims to validate the Korean version of the decent work scale and examine the relationship between decent work and work engagement.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to validate the Korean version of the decent work scale and examine the relationship between decent work and work engagement.
Design/methodology/approach
After completing translation and back translation, the authors surveyed 266 Korean employees from various organizations via network sampling. They assessed Rasch’s model based on item response theory. In addition, they used classical test theory to evaluate the decent work scale’s validity and reliability.
Findings
The authors found that the current version of the decent work scale has good validity, reliability and item difficulty, and decent work has a positive relationship with work engagement. However, based on item response theory, the assessment showed that three of the items are extremely similar to another item within the same dimension, implying that the items are unable to discriminate among individual traits.
Originality/value
This study validated the decent work scale in a Korean work environment using Rasch’s (1960) model from the perspective of item response theory.
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Fu-Chieh Hsu, Jing Liu and Hua Lin
Our knowledge of what emotions are elicited explicitly from food consumption and gastronomy experiences in the travel destination and how these emotions establish a relationship…
Abstract
Purpose
Our knowledge of what emotions are elicited explicitly from food consumption and gastronomy experiences in the travel destination and how these emotions establish a relationship with tourists’ behavior is limited. Thus, this study aims to enrich the current knowledge in the gastronomy tourism field from the affective experience perspective and develop a scale to measure tourists’ affective gastronomy experiences (TAGES).
Design/methodology/approach
Both qualitative scale development and quantitative scale validation were conducted to ensure the psychometric properties of TAGES.
Findings
With the focus group’s contributions and experts’ validation, 12 gastronomy experience affects were identified in the first stage. In the second stage, a quantitative data collection involving 650 samples helped refine the scale. Finally, a reliable and valid scale with five items measuring TAGES was successfully developed.
Originality/value
This study provides a novel perspective by viewing tourists’ gastronomy experiences through an affective lens. Moreover, this study successfully provides evidence for the psychometric properties of the newly developed TAGES by systematically applying item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory (CTT). This study enriches the gastronomy tourism domain by developing the TAGES and presenting a rigorous and exhaustive investigation of its psychometric properties based on an integration of IRT and CTT. A valid and reliable scale that measures the TAGES fills the gastronomy literature gap and proposes an effective tool for future gastronomy experience studies.
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One of the most intractable problems facing marketing managements today is to know when to buy marketing research to enhance their understanding of the probability of success…
Abstract
One of the most intractable problems facing marketing managements today is to know when to buy marketing research to enhance their understanding of the probability of success. Conversely, when will the expenditure and resultant delay outweigh the benefits from a reduction in uncertainty? Nowhere is this problem more keenly felt than in new product development. Launching new products is often vastly expensive, and available evidence suggests that products fail more often than they succeed. However, well researched “pilot” marketing and sequential launches give competition time to retaliate or imitate, thereby constituting risks of a different ilk. None the less, marketing managements are tending to carry out more and more test operations to attempt to assess the likely outcomes of broadscale operations. This article provides an early report from part of a research programme carried out at the University of Bradford into methods of marketing experimentation. It offers an integration of Bayesian decision theory and network analysis which, in conjunction with DCF techniques, provide a powerful tool of cost/benefit analysis.
David B. Szabla, William Dardick and Jennifer A. Devlin
The Perception of Change Strategy Scale (PCS) measures an individual’s perception of the change strategies being used by change agents during an organizational change. To ground…
Abstract
The Perception of Change Strategy Scale (PCS) measures an individual’s perception of the change strategies being used by change agents during an organizational change. To ground the reader in the tool’s history, two published studies are briefly discussed: one in which the measure was developed and a second in which the tool’s reliability was appraised. In a third study presented here a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the theoretical framework and to select the best fitting model amongst several competing models of the constructs identified in the PCS. The results support a three-factor model as the best fit for a change strategy framework based on Chin and Benne’s (1961) three-part conceptualization for leading change: empirical-rational, power-coercive, and normative-re-educative.
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The subject matter of psychology can be illustrated by addressing the questions, ‘who am I?’, ‘what do I spend my time doing?’ and ‘reflecting on my life, where have I come from…
Abstract
The subject matter of psychology can be illustrated by addressing the questions, ‘who am I?’, ‘what do I spend my time doing?’ and ‘reflecting on my life, where have I come from and where am I going?’. I am a human being and also more generally an animal. I am a biological entity and also a psychological entity. I have an identity and a personality. I am an individual and also a member of a social system. I am similar to other human beings but also different. In some respects I am normal and in other respects abnormal.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a mobile social networking service (SNS) addiction scale to measure respondents’ addiction levels.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a mobile social networking service (SNS) addiction scale to measure respondents’ addiction levels.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on the existing literature on the components model of addiction by Griffiths (2005) and mobile SNS addiction, an initial scale in a five-point Likert-format was developed. It was refined through the pilot study with 100 participants and the main study with 423 participants utilizing factor analysis and Rasch analysis.
Findings
Mobile SNS addiction as a behavioral addiction, demonstrated six addiction symptoms: modification, salience, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict and relapse, which were interrelated with each other. The mobile SNS addiction scale developed in this study was found to be psychometrically robust and unidimensional.
Practical implications
The mobile SNS addiction scale consists of nine items, thus making it easier and more convenient to be applied to academic research and clinical practice.
Originality/value
The combined use of factor analysis and the Rasch model could largely reduce potential negative effects associated with limitations of classical test theory and improve the chance of developing a psychometrically robust instrument. The mobile SNS addiction scale covers a range of types of SNSs, thus being more generic. The items in the scale are unidimensionally loaded on the latent construct of mobile SNS addiction and demonstrate measurement invariance across respondents of different demographics.
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David V. Day and Matthew F. Barney
This chapter presents Infosys’ approach to leader development that includes the practical benefits of psychometric and statistical methods commonly used by other disciplines, such…
Abstract
This chapter presents Infosys’ approach to leader development that includes the practical benefits of psychometric and statistical methods commonly used by other disciplines, such as Rasch measurement and latent growth modeling. Infosys is beginning to use these with other individualized leader development practices such as coaching, intervention bundling, and evaluation. When combined, these elements have the potential to personalize developmental processes to each leader and improve microlevel leadership theory with the overarching purpose of enhancing global leadership at Infosys and promoting the science of individual leader development.
Mateus Canniatti Ponchio, Mayank Jyotsna Soni, Mousumi Singha Mahapatra and Soumya Sarkar
This study aims to evaluate Netemeyer and colleagues' much cited financial well-being scale in Brazil and India and compare responses from different demographics. It also compares…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate Netemeyer and colleagues' much cited financial well-being scale in Brazil and India and compare responses from different demographics. It also compares the results using two analysis techniques, item response theory (IRT) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 994 survey responses from Brazil and 1,081 from India were collected. IRT and CFA models were used to analyse the data.
Findings
The results demonstrate the two-dimensional structure of the financial well-being scale and show that different items are differentially useful in measuring the construct across different groups. These findings may support the scale's future refinement and use in applied studies that will target specific groups (e.g. males, females, younger respondents and older respondents).
Research limitations/implications
This study serves as an example to others who can explore the advantages of IRT over classical test theory methods to assess the psychometric properties of scales aimed at measuring latent constructs of interest in the field of marketing.
Practical implications
The correct diagnosis of financial well-being is important to guide interventions by governments and non-governmental entities, as well as by financial institutions interested in better understanding individuals.
Originality/value
The authors show how the identification of the characteristics of scale items provided by the IRT technique allows for a better understanding of its properties and how it can be improved.
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New measures in marketing are invariably created by using a psychometric approach based on Churchill's “scale development” procedure. This paper aims to compare and contrast…
Abstract
Purpose
New measures in marketing are invariably created by using a psychometric approach based on Churchill's “scale development” procedure. This paper aims to compare and contrast Churchill's procedure with Rossiter's content‐validity approach to measurement, called C‐OAR‐SE.
Design/methodology approach
The comparison of the two procedures is by rational argument and forms the theoretical first half of the paper. In the applied second half of the paper, three recent articles from the Journal of Marketing (JM) that introduce new constructs and measures are criticized and corrected from the C‐OAR‐SE perspective.
Findings
The C‐OAR‐SE method differs from Churchill's method by arguing for: total emphasis on achieving high content validity of the item(s) and answer scale – without which nothing else matters; use of single‐item measures for “basic” constructs and for the first‐order components of “abstract” constructs; abandonment of the “reflective” measurement model, along with its associated statistical techniques of factor analysis and coefficient alpha, arguing that all abstract constructs must be measured as “formative”; and abandonment of external validation methods, notably multitrait‐multimethod analysis (MTMM) and structural equation modeling (SEM), to be replaced by internal content‐validation of the measure itself. The C‐OAR‐SE method can be applied – as demonstrated in the last part of the article – by any verbally intelligent researcher. However, less confident researchers may need to seek the assistance of one or two colleagues who fully understand the new method.
Practical implications
If a measure is not highly content‐valid to begin with – and none of the new measures in the JM articles criticized is highly content‐valid – then no subsequent psychometric properties can save it. Highly content‐valid measures are absolutely necessary for proper tests of theories and hypotheses, and for obtaining trustworthy findings in marketing.
Originality/value
C‐OAR‐SE is completely original and Rossiter's updated version should be followed. C‐OAR‐SE is leading the necessary marketing measurement revolution.
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Juliano Anderson Pacheco, Dalton Francisco de Andrade and Antonio Cezar Bornia
The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for benchmarking, which allows the construction of scales of competitiveness for the comparison of products using Item…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for benchmarking, which allows the construction of scales of competitiveness for the comparison of products using Item Response Theory (IRT).
Design/methodology/approach
Theoretically, the method combines classic benchmarking process steps with IRT steps and demonstrates through mathematical models how this technique can measure the competitiveness of products by means of a latent trait.
Findings
The IRT method uses the theories of psychometrics to measure the competitiveness of products through qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the tangible and intangible characteristics of those products. To demonstrate the application of the developed method, the items were constructed for teaching staff.
Research limitations/implications
The application of the developed method will increase the accuracy of assessments of the competitiveness of a product because this method uses a mathematical model of the IRT to evaluate the characteristics product that reflect market competitiveness. Items must be selected based on theories relevant to the product and/or expert opinion or customers.
Practical implications
The applicability of the method results in the construction of a scale in which items identify good practice with greater difficulty because they are represented in the same units that index competitiveness. Thus, managers of companies obtain knowledge about their products and the market, which allows them to assess their performance against their competitors and to make decisions regarding the continuous improvement of their production process and expansion of product characteristics.
Originality/value
This work presents a new method for benchmarking using a quantitative technique that enables measurement of the latent trait of “competitiveness” through robust mathematical models.
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