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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between tax avoidance, firm value and managerial ability in Tehran Stock Exchange and Over the Counter (OTC), according to the related theoretical foundations.

To calculate the managerial ability in this study, DEA is used based on the accounting data, company profile and industry and the hypotheses are estimated in a period of 12 years during 2004 to 2015 in TSE and OTC. Within the previous studies, to test the hypotheses, only the classical regression method is usually used and most of the times the effect of macroeconomic variables is not considered. In this study, in a new act for testing the hypotheses, three statistical methods are used, that is, classical regression models, mixed effects multilevel models and Bayesian multilevel models. Also in this study, the test of structural change is used to control the effects of macroeconomic variables, like inflation and other economic and political influence, on the results.

The results of these three methods show that the effect of income smoothing and earnings quality on the relationship between tax avoidance and firm value are significant.

Although several studies are conducted so far on the subject of the study, the current study is the first project which combined Bayesian econometrics. Therefore, the results are quite noble.

This chapter provides an overview of the status of applied econometric research in hospitality and tourism management and outlines the econometric toolsets available for quantitative researchers using empirical data from the field. Basic econometric models, cross-sectional models, time-series models, and panel data models are reviewed first, followed by an evaluation of relevant applications. Next, econometric modeling topics that are germane to hospitality and tourism research are discussed, including endogeneity, multi-equation modeling, causal inference modeling, and spatial econometrics. Furthermore, major feasibility issues for applied researchers are examined based on the literature. Lastly, recommendations are offered to promote applied econometric research in hospitality and tourism management.

Since 2000, China, along with the USA, UK, France, Japan and many other developed countries have drawn up new blueprints for the development of a marine economy. At present, international marine economics research has entered into a new period of development, and the research methods of ocean econometrics are becoming more complex and mature. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress of international marine econometrics research and gives the development direction of marine econometrics.

The Web of Science core collection database was utilized, harvesting data from 1996 to May 2018, measuring the marine economy research from 1,489 articles as its sample, using CiteSpace visualization analysis tools.

Mapping the knowledge map from annual international marine economic metrology, literature identification, keywords, involving disciplines and related journals, countries (regions) and research and analyzing the research status of reveals the research frontiers of international marine economy measurement (learning) by using CiteSpace.

The conceptions and characteristics of marine econometrics are defined and analyzed, and the theoretical method of marine econometrics is sorted out. Mapping the knowledge diagram of marine econometrics and discussing the research status of international marine economics, and clarifying the existing problems, future opportunities and challenges of international marine econometrics research.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an optimized hybrid model based on artificial intelligence methods, use the method of time series forecasting, to deal with the price prediction issue of China’s table grape.

The approaches follows the framework of “decomposition and ensemble,” using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to optimize the conventional price forecasting methods, and, integrating the multiple linear regression and support vector machine to build a hybrid model which could be applied in solving price series predicting problems.

The proposed EEMD-ADD optimized hybrid model is validated to be considered satisfactory in a case of China’ grape price forecasting in terms of its statistical measures and prediction performance.

This study would resolve the difficulties in grape price forecasting and provides an adaptive strategy for other agricultural economic predicting problems as well.

The paper fills the vacancy of concerning researches, proposes an optimized hybrid model integrating both classical econometric and artificial intelligence models to forecast price using time series method.

This article provides an overview of the panel vector autoregressive models (VAR) used in macroeconomics and finance to study the dynamic relationships between heterogeneous assets, households, firms, sectors, and countries. We discuss what their distinctive features are, what they are used for, and how they can be derived from economic theory. We also describe how they are estimated and how shock identification is performed. We compare panel VAR models to other approaches used in the literature to estimate dynamic models involving heterogeneous units. Finally, we show how structural time variation can be dealt with.

This study aims to statistically investigate the place of the eurozone countries in the framework of the international economy and particularly within the most advanced non Euro‐currency countries; second it attempts to explain the eventual discrepancies in the performing of the eurozone from the most advanced non‐eurozone countries by the weaknesses of some eurozone members. The discriminant analysis as an investigation tool has been chosen as an as unbiased as possible investigation technique. Of course, every discriminant analysis requires classification criteria. The criteria adopted in this study result to more or less the same conclusions.

Most econometric studies prefer the popular econometric techniques employing classical regression techniques, while methods of multivariate statistics and non‐linear regressions occupy a minor place as statistical tools. Numerous and multivariate data call for multivariate techniques, which at the cost of losing information and details allow for better a perception of the data structure. Therefore, a great part of the statistical analysis focuses on multivariate techniques and non‐linear regression.

The study concludes that despite the present budget and debt crisis hitting some major and minor eurozone members the “real” economy of the eurozone posseses a first class place in the World economy – both in relative and absolute terms. During the course of the study effort was paid to balancing the tools of investigation and the fertility of the results, in particular to approach questions such as: what is present condition of the eurozone? How solid are the predictions for a hanging collapse of the euro currency and the eurozone? At the end of the study is given an apercu on the transition of the member countries to the eurozone and their economic status by the end of 2011 tries to soften the fears for the eurozone future.

This study tries to analyze the position of the eurozone countries from an arithmetic/objective perspective, ignoring as much as possible the (geo) political and national interests of the principal countries involved as an effort to check the solidity of the fears. Not all parameters of the economy can enter the study. The author has chosen a few variables, which to their opinion reflect the overall performance of an economy. Parameters relating to financial aspects have nowadays in great degree become autonomous and call for special inquiry. The study seeks to add to econometric studies carried out by national and international institutions and Universities. It mainly concerns the statistical techniques and to treat eurozone as a whole entity vs the rest of the developed non‐eurozone world. Indeed, the study tries to defend the eurozone using objective data against a multitude of gloomy predictions, raised by several world partners, for the performance and the future of the eurozone.

This paper aims to make an analysis of investment behaviour in mutual funds, by looking at different investment decision influencers and trying to identify the extent to which the investment decision is knowledge-based. The paper has three main purposes, namely, to assess the degree to which the considered factors influence investment decision-making in young capital markets from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE); to compare the investment behaviour in the three considered countries; and to characterise investment behaviour in periods of economic turbulence.

The researchers considered a model of investment behaviour comprising six influencing factors. Inferential statistics through multiple linear regression was applied using the MATLAB R2014a software. The decision to invest was measured by the flow of new capital attracted by the fund (dependent variable) and the considered influencing factors (independent variables) were: the size of the fund, the risk associated to the fund, the growth of the fund, the growth of the fund category, the performance of the fund in its category. The research was conducted in Romania, Slovakia and Hungary. The period of study included the global economic crisis of 2007-2008.

The results illustrated that all considered factors do have an influence on the investment behaviour of investors in CEE, but with different levels of impact. The study concludes that the investment decision is partially knowledge-based, as investors in the region consider only some of the available information when making the decision to invest. Investment behaviour of investors in CEE is rather similar than dissimilar when deciding to invest in mutual funds. However, based on the differences between countries, it can be stated that the Hungarian investor is more mature and more informed than the others, when making investment decisions.

The study contributes to the exiting literature through the analysis of investment behaviour in young capital markets that are less studied in the literature. The limited number of studies considering mutual funds, usually comprise one fund category, while the present research considers all five most prevalent mutual funds categories for the studied period. It also contributed by collecting data from a less studied geographical region, CEE with three specific case studies, namely, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary that are looked at in a comparative manner.

I survey applications of Markov switching models to the asset pricing and portfolio choice literatures. In particular, I discuss the potential that Markov switching models have to fit financial time series and at the same time provide powerful tools to test hypotheses formulated in the light of financial theories, and to generate positive economic value, as measured by risk-adjusted performances, in dynamic asset allocation applications. The chapter also reviews the role of Markov switching dynamics in modern asset pricing models in which the no-arbitrage principle is used to characterize the properties of the fundamental pricing measure in the presence of regimes.

“Digital India” was launched by the Government of India in July 2015, with a vision of transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. India's momentum toward digitalization took a swift pace after the demonetization of currency notes of 500 and 1,000 rupees. The government stressed the use of digitalized payments through apps that use UPI (Unified Payment Interface) and Core Banking System to move the banking sector toward a more digitalized system. The Nordic countries, on the other hand, had a developed digitalized system from the late 1990s and in the present context, they are in paramount positions in terms of global digitalized economies. In recent times Nordic countries like Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Finland have performed overwhelmingly in terms of Digital Economy and Social Index (DESI). The Internet penetration in India and the use of mobile phones in the country is compared with the Nordic countries, trying to present the comparative advantage in those countries.