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The purpose of this paper is the evaluation of the degree of sustainable urban development in Poland in terms of spatial management and laws applying to the process.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the evaluation of the degree of sustainable urban development in Poland in terms of spatial management and laws applying to the process.
Design/methodology/approach
The study provides an analysis of the key legal bases fundamental to sustainable development. Instruments that can be used to implement development guidelines (strategy, budget, “the study”, local zoning plan), revitalisation processes and to identify barriers to sustainable urban development.
Findings
The paper finds a recognition of the main spatial and legal barriers to urban development. The lack of zoning plans in many cities delays new investments. Revitalisation programmes are essential for maintaining a sustainable and stable polycentric structure of cities and towns within regions and across the country as a whole.
Practical implications
Results of analysis describe the main barriers to urban development, while the lack of zoning plans and practical strategies mainly contribute to unsustainable development of cities. Long‐term planning requires more rigorous and coordinated measures on different levels of administration.
Originality/value
The paper provides specialists and students with a new look at sustainable urban development; the latter is assumed to not only be connected with economic, social and environmental spheres, but also with spatial spheres.
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Inna Blam, Katarína Vitálišová, Kamila Borseková and Mariusz Sokolowicz
The paper aims to analyze actual issues of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in monofunctional towns in Russia, Slovakia and Poland. The process of social…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to analyze actual issues of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in monofunctional towns in Russia, Slovakia and Poland. The process of social investment restructuring is obviously under way in these countries. However, there can be identified a few examples where the dominant employer with the long tradition (from the soviet period, even longer) has initiated and directly influenced by the social policy the local and regional development. The paper analyzes their development during the past decades, with the special emphasis on social issues. It identifies its strengths and weaknesses and defines future research areas.
Design/methodology/approach
The first part of the paper defines the CSR with focus on the social sphere and relationships between local dominant employer, local government and community. Refer to the theory, the paper adopts a case study methodology to explore the specifics of CSR with a focus on monotowns, especially the role of local dominant employer and its relationship with local government and community in three selected post-communist nations – Russia, Slovakia and Poland. The research uses also the secondary data (the strategic documents, statistical data) and own observation during the study visits to the selected cities. The authors analyze the town’s development during the past decades, with the special emphasis on the social issues.
Findings
It is shown that maintenance and development of essential living conditions in many monofunctional towns depends upon the direct participation of large dominating companies. The paper argues that there is a principal difference between the current social policy conducted by these dominant local employers and the policy that was conducted in the past. What is more, most of the engagement of large in the social affairs in monotowns refers to the CSR concept. The paper summarizes the common features and differences in functioning monotowns in selected states, from the perspective of social responsible behaviors of dominant companies, suggests the practical implications and identifies future research areas.
Originality/value
The paper maps the specific kind of social responsibility interconnected with the issue of local and regional development – monotowns in Russia, Poland and Slovakia – in the countries with common political and social history. It brings in the form of case studies the detailed overview of the selected examples from Russia, Ukraine and Poland dealing with the CSR. Based on the collected data, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantage of these towns and opens the new research areas.
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Paul Foley, Jo Hutchinson, Andrzej Kondej and Jim Mueller
Explores the local impact of market reform in a former communist country. Uses the Bialystok voivodship in Poland to discuss the local impact of monetary reform and the banking…
Abstract
Explores the local impact of market reform in a former communist country. Uses the Bialystok voivodship in Poland to discuss the local impact of monetary reform and the banking system, local business development, the impact of Western influences, and finally the problem of unemployment and policies intended to combat it. The voivodship is geographically remote from areas currently favoured by foreign investment which contributes to a growing sense of East‐West inequality. Despite showing ingenuity and entrepreneurialism to work the system many businesses are still struggling to adapt and realize that the market economy has significant individual costs. Highlights the local impact of national policy and re‐emphasizes the potential for local economic opportunities not only between countries but also between different regions within those countries.
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Kazimierz Górka and Paulina Szyja
The purpose of this paper is to assessment of actions for sustainable transport based on analysis of projects in selected major Polish cities carried out in cooperation with the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assessment of actions for sustainable transport based on analysis of projects in selected major Polish cities carried out in cooperation with the motor industry and power sector enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach
Analysis of projects in selected major Polish cities.
Findings
All initiatives aimed at making municipal transport more environmentally friendly have been launched by the local governments, in accordance with strategic government documents, acts and other legal regulations. The steps that have been taken are not just intended to improve the quality of the urban environment, but also to streamline transport systems and ensure greater mobility for city dwellers. Enterprises can engage in similar projects mostly by placing their bids in municipalities of transport companies’ public tenders.
Research limitations/implications
Continuing research in the issue of creating jobs in cooperation between local authorities and companies in implementation of green transport in cities. And as well it is introduction to the further study on ways to achieve the partnership, not only by green public procurement but also sustainable public procurement, and their results.
Practical implications
In practical issue authors emphasize the potential of innovation domestic producers of environmentally friendly facilities for transport and limited possibilities to cooperation with local authorities, limited only to public procurement and consultations. Taking into account social implications authors emphasize the potential of cooperation between companies and local authorities in creating jobs.
Originality/value
The new element are information about transformation in public transport in Polish cities based on vehicles, produced by polish company and new project connected with greening up transport. As well important is referring to recent considerations undertaken in the literature and practical examples.
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Malgorzata Zieba, Stanislaw Belniak and Michal Gluszak
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the demand and to estimate the willingness to pay for sustainable (certified) office space in Poland.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the demand and to estimate the willingness to pay for sustainable (certified) office space in Poland.
Design/methodology/approach
Due to limited data on sustainable property performance in Poland, the research is based on stated-preference data. The main research tool is conjoint experiment, run on a sample of office tenants in Krakow.
Findings
Highest utility for office tenants in Poland is linked to BREEAM certificate (highest willingness to pay for having BREEAM certified office space. Slightly lower propensity to pay was observed for LEED certificate. The lowest willingness to pay was estimated for DGNB certificate. One of possible explanations is connected to tenants awareness (BREEAM is the most common certificate in Poland).
Research limitations/implications
The research results suggest increasing demand for sustainable office space in Poland, reflected by willingness to pay for sustainable office space. The main limitations of the research are twofold: geographical limitation (only one city) and hypothetical nature of choices made by tenants in the quasi-experiment.
Practical implications
The results of the research can justify the engagement of investors in sustainable property development in Poland and foster the development of this respective sector.
Originality/value
The paper is unique as it explores the potential for sustainable property development in emerging economies, which is not a common area of scientific interest mainly due to data availability. Traditionally most research focusses on mature markets in North America, and Western Europe, and empirical evidence from less developed markets is scarce. Few papers (if any) use quasi-experimental setting to elicit implicit price of ecological certificates.
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– This paper has two purposes in mind: to present the model of destination brand equity as well as its managerial implications for city brand management.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper has two purposes in mind: to present the model of destination brand equity as well as its managerial implications for city brand management.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a model developed by the author in 2011 which adopts a consumer-based approach to assessing place/destination brand equity, brand equities for two Polish cities were calculated. The research was conducted in two stages on a sample of 800 Poles. Its detailed results served as a basis for a comparison of the two cities’ brand equities.
Findings
The general results show the strength of the cities’ brand equities while the detailed results show the strengths and weaknesses of the specific city brands broken down to the types of respondents and according to the brand equity dimensions.
Research limitations/implications
The discussion and results are based on two cities only, in one country.
Practical implications
The results of the city brand equity survey provide place marketers with information about the existing structure of brand equity and the elements of brand equity which may reinforce a city brand in the consumers’ (potential and current tourists’) eyes. Such an assessment also enables to track destination brand changes over time and in relation to other city destinations. The results offer therefore city managers the knowledge of brand areas which require attention and intervention.
Social implications
The model presents provides place managers with information related to the necessary social support of the residents of destination.
Originality/value
The paper presents comprehensive and original research results of a research into city destination brand equity conducted on a representative national sample. A strong theoretical concept is combined with practical results.
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In the study, an attempt was made to estimate the social benefits resulting from three non-mega sporting events organized in Ergo Arena located on the border of two cities in…
Abstract
Purpose
In the study, an attempt was made to estimate the social benefits resulting from three non-mega sporting events organized in Ergo Arena located on the border of two cities in Poland. By attributing a value to intangible social benefits, the intangible effect was determined and compared to the expenditure incurred in the construction of Ergo Arena Hall.
Design/methodology/approach
In order to value social intangible effects of three non-mega sporting events the Contingent Valuation Method was applied. Each time, the Contingent Valuation Method study covered the area of the two cities: Gdańsk and Sopot and was conducted on a sample of 500 people – 250 per city. The mean values of Willingness-to-Pay were used in order to obtain aggregate values of intangible benefits. Finally, the aggregate results were compared to expenditure incurred in connection with the construction of Ergo Arena Hall.
Findings
It appeared that intangible effects were eagerly valued by the residents of Gdańsk and Sopot. The aggregated value of all three sporting events was estimated at PLN 8.8 million. The obtained results question the equal share of both cities in financing but confirm that under certain circumstances, hosting non-mega sporting events may justify the use of public funds. In the case of the two cities, the reasonable reason for the employment of public means is the size of Gdańsk compared to Sopot.
Originality/value
The paper fulfils the research gap which arises regarding Willingness-to-Pay in estimating the intangible social effects of non-mega sporting events and considering these effects in the net effect valuation. The findings have implications for policy makers since they show to what extent it may be justified to use public means in order to host non-mega sporting events.
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Michal Gluszak and Bartlomiej Marona
This paper aims to discuss the link between socio-economic characteristics of house buyers and their housing location choices. The major objective of the study is an examination…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the link between socio-economic characteristics of house buyers and their housing location choices. The major objective of the study is an examination of the role of household socio-economic characteristics. The research addresses the importance of previous residence location and latent housing motives for intra-urban housing mobility.
Design/methodology/approach
The research examines housing preferences structure and analyzes housing location choices in the city of Krakow (Poland) using discrete choice model (conditional logit model). The research is based on stated preference data from Krakow.
Findings
The results of this study suggest that demand for housing alternatives is negatively linked to the distance from current residence. Other factors stay equal, the further the distance, the less likely a household is willing to choose a location within the metropolitan area. The study indicates that housing motives can help explain housing location decisions.
Practical implications
The paper provides an empirical assessment of housing decisions in Krakow, one of the major metropolitan areas in Poland.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to a better understanding of the nature of housing decision and housing preferences in emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe. As a result, presented research helps to fill the gap in housing market and urban economics literature.
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Chay Brooks, Tim Vorley and Cristian Gherhes
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the role of public policy in the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Poland.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the role of public policy in the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Poland.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper assumes a qualitative approach to researching and analysing how public policy enables and constrains the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The authors conducted a series of focus groups with regional and national policy makers, enterprises and intermediaries in three Polish voivodeships (regions) – Malopolska, Mazowieckie and Pomorskie.
Findings
The paper finds that applying the entrepreneurial ecosystems approach is a challenging prospect for public policy characterised by a theory-practice gap. Despite the attraction of entrepreneurial ecosystems as a heuristic to foster entrepreneurial activity, the cases highlight the complexity of implementing the framework conditions in practice. As the Polish case demonstrates, there are aspects of entrepreneurial ecosystems that are beyond the immediate scope of public policy.
Research limitations/implications
The results challenge the view that the entrepreneurial ecosystems framework represents a readily implementable public policy solution to stimulate entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial growth. Insights are drawn from three regions, although by their nature these are predominantly city centric, highlighting the bounded geography of entrepreneurial ecosystems.
Originality/value
This paper poses new questions regarding the capacity of public policy to establish and extend entrepreneurial ecosystems. While public policy can shape the framework and system conditions, the paper argues that these interventions are often based on superficial or incomplete interpretations of the entrepreneurial ecosystems literature and tend to ignore or underestimate informal institutions that can undermine these efforts. As such, by viewing the ecosystems approach as a panacea for growth policy makers risk opening Pandora’s box.
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This study aims to identify clusters amongst the county housing markets in Poland, taking into account the criteria of size and quality of the housing stock, as well as price…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to identify clusters amongst the county housing markets in Poland, taking into account the criteria of size and quality of the housing stock, as well as price level. In addition, this work is intended to detect the socio-economic factors driving the cluster formation.
Design/methodology/approach
To group the studied housing markets into homogeneous clusters, this analysis uses a proprietary algorithm based on taxonomic and k-means++ methods. In turn, the generalised ordered logit (gologit) model was used to explore factors influencing the cluster formation.
Findings
The results obtained revealed that Polish county housing markets can be classified into three or four homogeneous clusters in terms of the size and quality of the housing stock and price level. Furthermore, the results of the estimation of the gologit models indicated that population density, number of business entities and the level of crime mainly determine the membership of a given housing market in a given cluster.
Originality/value
In contrast to previous studies, this is the first to examine the existence of homogeneous clusters amongst the county housing markets in Poland, taking into account the criteria of size and quality of the housing stock, as well as price level simultaneously. Moreover, this work is the first to identify the driving forces behind the formation of clusters amongst the surveyed housing markets.
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