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This paper aims to investigate the coupled effects of electrohydrodynamic and gravity forces on the circulation effectiveness of working fluid in an inclined micro heat pipe driven by electroosmotic flow. The effects of the three competing forces, namely, the capillary, the gravitational and the electrohydrodyanamic forces, on the circulation effectiveness of a micro heat pipe are compared and delineated.

The numerical model is developed based on the conservations of mass, momentum and energy with the incorporation of the Young–Laplace equation for electroosmotic flow in an inclined micro heat pipe incorporating the gravity effects.

By inducing electroosmotic flow in a micro heat pipe, a significant increase in heat transport capacity can be attained at a reasonably low applied voltage, leading to a small temperature drop and a high thermal conductance. However, the favorably applied gravity forces pull the liquid toward the evaporator section where the onset of flooding occurs within the condenser section, generating a throat that shrinks the vapor flow passage and may lead to a complete failure on the operation of micro heat pipe. Therefore, the balance between the electrohydrodyanamic and the gravitational forces is of vital importance.

This study provides a detailed insight into the gravitational and electroosmotic effects on the thermal performance of an inclined micro heat pipe driven by electroosmotic flow and paves the way for the feasible practical application of electrohydrodynamic forces in a micro-scale two-phase cooling device.

To examine the heat transfer characteristics of soild‐liquid phase change material (PCM) suspensions in a rectangular natural circulation loop.

A continuum mixture flow model is used for the buoyancy‐driven circulation flow of the PCM suspensions together with an approximate enthalpy model to describe the solid‐liquid phase change (melting/freezing) process of the PC particles in the loop. Numerical simulations via a finite difference method have been conducted for the pertinent physical parameters of a loop with fixed geometrical configuration in the following ranges: the modified Rayleigh number Ra*=10⁹‐10¹³, the modified Stefan number Ste*=0.05‐0.5, the particle volumetric fraction C_v=0‐20 percent and the modified subcooling factor Sb*=0‐2.0.

The melting/freezing processes of the PCM particles at the heated/cooled sections of the loop are closely interrelated in their inlet conditions of the suspension. The influences of the modified Rayleigh number, the particle fraction, the modified Stefan number, and the modified subcooling factor on the heat transfer behavior, as well as the thermal efficacy of the PCM suspensions are elucidated. There could be a flow regime in the parametirc domain where heat transfer performance of the suspension circulation loop is significantly enhanced, due to contribution of the latent heat transport associated with melting/freezing of PCM particles.

Future work to address effects of the geometric parameters such as the aspect ratio; the lengths and locations of, as well as the relative height between the heated and cooled sections is definitely needed, which are necessary steps towards developing more reliable predictive tools for system design of a circulation loop containing PCM suspension.

This work has explored the feasibility and quantified the efficacy of incorporating the PC suspensions as the heat transfer enhancement medium in a natural circulation loop, which has not been examined previously.

Argues availability of research into how industrial advertising media compares unfavourably with that of its consumer counterpart. Discusses the survey, spread over three years, which attempts to provide a more scientific approach to this crucial marketing problem – profitability was key throughout. Evaluates the leading marketing and advertising journals stating that research as to ‘profitability’ of placing adverts in any specific media seems to be a subject that is relatively ignored, or is not readily available to the marketing or sales manager. Uses figures for added emphasis and lists the media involved in this survey at the end. Concludes that, this survey possibly does not really tell us much more than is already known, but that a few misconceptions may have been clarified, and it is hoped food has been provided for further thought.

The purpose of this paper is to attempt to assist firms in applying knowledge management (KM) through developing an integrated model which considers knowledge enablers, knowledge circulation processes (KCP), and job performance.

This study utilizes a questionnaire technique to validate the proposed integrated model. Structural equation modeling also validated the model.

All dimensions in the construct of organizational culture positively impact KCP. However, the formalized organizational structure appears to have a positive impact on KCP, while the autonomous organizational structure did not. This study also finds that KCP has a positive impact on both task outcomes and contextual job performance.

The integrated model, which served to examine the impact of KM enablers on KCP, from the standpoints of organizational culture and organizational structure, along with the impact of KCP on job performance, has improved understanding of the relationships among KM enablers, KCP, and job performance.

Firms should carefully consider methods for adjusting internal structural designs or institute various mechanisms to promote the use of KM to maintain the organization's long-term competitive advantage.

The model contributes to firms’ understanding the influence of knowledge enablers on KCP, and provides a KM performance index for assessment of individual performance. Research results can provide enterprises with guidance for implementing initiatives for KM initiatives.

The purpose of this study is to master the development process and the construction effectiveness of backbone circulation network in an all-round way, formulate regional logistics development planning as well as promote the development of logistics industry by scientifically evaluating the logistics development of node cities with a view to analyzing their spatial differentiation features.

In this paper, an integrated evaluation model is constructed by adopting factor analysis, gray target decision-making model based on cone volume and other methods so as to evaluate the logistics development of node cities. The dimensionality of three-dimensional panel data is reduced by factor analysis at first. Then, the gray target decision-making method based on cone volume is adopted to evaluate the development of node cities, whose evaluation results are carried out through the clustering analysis. The clustering analysis is used to determine the development level of node cities and to extract the spatial differentiation features of node cities.

The results show that the proposed model can comprehensively evaluate the logistics level of node cities and clarify the overall logistics development and spatial differentiation of node cities, which could provide objective evidence for formulating national policies as well as promoting the balanced and coordinated development of regional logistics in China.

The paper succeeds in overcoming the disadvantages of existing methods assessing the logistics development level, such as principal component analysis and factor analysis, which are not applicable to panel data.

Contemporary international migrations are changing the global labor landscape. However, not all labor migration results are beneficial. Some home countries lose a great amount of home-educated labor to host countries that offer better working and living conditions, consequently lowering the available amount of critically needed intellectual capital for national utility. Ideally, host countries seeking workers should strive to develop a national policy that maximize “brain gain” by attracting workers with complimentary skills and knowledge to fill local employment gaps. Conversely, donor countries that send workers abroad should develop policies that minimize its brain drain by encouraging their skilled citizens to return home after acquiring enhanced skills and knowledge, thus taking advantage of “brain circulation” effects. Therefore, a nation’s best interest, either a host or donor country, may be best served through the development of protocols that minimize friction during the migration process for preferred migrants. Using Malaysia, as an example, we argue that the recognition of dual citizenship would be the appropriate prescription in reducing the “Great Brain Drain” problem afflicting the local labor market. This recognition serves several purposes: (1) provide labor with economic opportunities while retaining their ability to adjust to political climate by taking advantage of the global mobility of talent with favorable immigration policies; (2) increase Malaysia’s financial and human capital stock by leveraging its diasporas; and (3) alleviate friction in the migration process between Malaysia and host countries that will smooth travel between countries and increase economic transactions back to the country in the form of social and economic remittances. This paper examines this allowance and discusses the implications of a potential Malaysian dual-citizenship policy.

Organizations face various situations that require to give decisions. There are many factors that influence their decisions. Organizational identity is one of the factors that can be used as an interpretive schema for decisions. Not only for decisions but also for recognition, legitimacy, allocating the organization among the others organizational identity is viewed as a construct that organizations want to protect. This study aims to contribute to measurement of organizational identity.

National, daily newspapers were chosen as sample for the study. Influence of organizational identity on decisions is highly reflective for newspapers. When they face conflicting demands, they tend not to make any concession from their identities. They want to behave in compliance with their identities. To reveal organizational identity orientation of newspapers, data were collected based on the 18 interviews with executive editors of newspapers.

Content analysis was concluded with ten categories that help in understanding organizational identity orientation. These ten categories were grouped within two broad orientations as business oriented and journalism oriented organizational identity. These categories reveal not only average organizational identity orientation of newspapers industry but also the variations in organizational identity orientation between newspapers.

Limitation of the study is the way to reveal organizational identity orientations studied on only newspapers. Undoubtedly, using this method for other organizations that operate in different industries, contributes to the generalizability of findings.

Significance of the study is to reveal a method to measure organizational identity orientation based on content analysis approach.

University research and academic laboratory facilities are key elements in the support of a successful education and research experience. World-class universities consider the functionality of these facilities as a matter of high priority. The functionality of research and academic laboratory facilities is strongly linked to the productivity of students, teachers and researchers who use these facilities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the functional performance of eight university laboratories using the space syntax approach.

The methodology involved the measurements and drawing of as-built floor plans of selected academic and research laboratories. The main benchmarks involved in measuring the functional efficiency, such as mean depth (MD) of space and real relative asymmetry (RRA), were analyzed using the A-graph software and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

The results show that “Type D” (chemistry teaching laboratory) and “Type C” (concrete teaching/research laboratory) laboratories have the tendency to be more accessible, efficient and flexible compared to the other laboratory layouts with MD and RRA values of 5.947 and 3.472, and 4.287 and 1.674, respectively.

This study shows that the functional efficiency of academic and research laboratories can be influenced by the spatial configuration of the space, as presented by the space syntax theory. Space syntax benchmark elements, such as MD, RRA, R and H*, can be used to compare various spatial arrangements, and the results can inform decisions on ways to re-arrange the space for optimum efficiency.

It is hoped that the idea of space syntax theory in the evaluation of the functional efficiency of laboratory facilities, illustrated in this research, is of significant contribution to the enhancement of the research and educational experience of concerned stakeholders in teaching and research environments.

A unique venture called the Middle Market Drug Project has been raising more than a few eyebrows. Based in the City of London, the new police project is taking out an impressive amount of supply and distribution of Class A drugs. The force behind this success is innovation. Peter Mason of the Centre for Public Innovation (CPI) explains how innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit are changing the shape of policing and efforts to tackle the resourceful drug dealing gangs.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between office rents and mixed-use development in the context of agglomeration economies.

Using a sample of 10,209 observations in 100 Grade A office buildings in Hong Kong from January 2001 to June 2011, the authors estimated office rent regression using unbalanced panel data analysis.

The results show that rents decreased with an increase in distance from retailers and hotels. Furthermore, the results revealed that, ceteris paribus, office tenants were willing to pay higher rents in a mixed-use than in a single-use office development.

There is an existence of agglomeration economies due to the clustering of various industries in mixed-use developments, which allow for their close proximity to potential clients.

The diversity of activities in a mixed-use development benefit its tenants and, thus, convince them to pay higher rents. Higher rents generated by a mixed-use facility will attract more investors to it. Investors should seek opportunities to capitalize on their equity in mixed-use developments.

This paper attempts to uncover a relationship between office rents and mixed-use developments by drawing on the concept of agglomeration economies.