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A primary task of wireless sensor networks is to measure environmental conditions. In most applications, a sink node is responsible for collecting data from the sensors through multihop communications. The communication pattern is called convergecast. However, radio congestion around the sink can easily become a bottleneck for the convergecast. The purpose of this paper is to consider both scheduling algorithms and routing structures to improve the throughput of convergecast.

The paper addresses the issue from two perspectives. First by considering the transition scheduling that reduces radio interference to perform convergecast efficiently. Second, by studying the effects of routing structures on convergecast. A routing algorithm, called disjoint‐strip routing, is proposed as an alternative to existing shortest‐path routing.

The paper shows that constructing a shortest‐length conflict‐free schedule is equivalent to finding a minimal vertex coloring. To solve the scheduling problem, a virtual‐node expansion is proposed to handle relay operations and then coloring algorithms are utilized. Regarding the routing structures, a disjoint‐strip algorithm is proposed to leverage possible parallel transmissions. Proposed algorithms are evaluated through simulations.

This paper separates the problem for optimizing data‐collection throughput into two stages: constructing a routing structure on a given deployment; and scheduling the activation time of each link. Determining routing topologies and communication schedules for optimal throughput are shown to be hard, so heuristics are applied in both stages. VNE is proposed, which makes traffic information visible to coloring algorithms. The advantage of VNE is verified through simulations. VNE can be applied to any coloring algorithm and any deterministic traffic pattern. It is shown that routing structures set a limit on the performance of scheduling algorithms. There are two possible ways in routing algorithms to improve convergecast throughput: first, by reducing the total number of transmissions during data collection; second, by transferring data in parallel. The shortest‐path routing addresses the first point while DS addresses the second one. As expected, when the deployments are even and balanced, minimizing the number of transmissions is more effective than parallelizing them. On the other hand, when the deployments are unbalanced and conflicts are not strict, parallel transmissions can improve the throughput.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of regulatory foci (promotion focus and prevention focus) to expatriate adjustments (general, interaction, and work adjustments) and explore whether mentoring functions (psychosocial support, role modeling, and career development) moderate the aforementioned relationship.

Using 141 questionnaired primary data (response rate 32.25 percent) gathered from at least six months experienced expatiates of multinational companies in six industries, this study adopts regression method to examine the moderating effect.

This study found that promotion focus was positively related to the interaction and work adjustment, respectively; prevention focus was positively related to the general, interaction, and work adjustment, respectively. Psychosocial support function moderates the relationship between promotion focus and general adjustment. Career development function moderates the relationships between promotion/prevention foci and work adjustment.

According to the interactionism perspective, behavior is a result of the interaction between personality and situational influences, has a long history in social and personality psychology. This study extends this perspective to the interactive effects of mentorship (situational factor) and expatriates’ regulatory foci (personality factor) on expatriate adjustment.

The origins of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been widely attributed to the work of scholars, and business managers as well, in North America and Western Europe. Inevitably, however, as the economic interaction of individual firms and entire nations has grown over the past several decades — call it globalization — so too has the concept and the practice of CSR spread throughout the world. It is certainly time to explore how CSR is being incorporated into the practice of business management in other regions and other countries. Therefore, in this chapter we will focus on Asia: specifically on Japan, South Korea, India, and China. It is interesting for academicians to understand how CSR is being absorbed and adapted into the business cultures of these four countries. Perhaps of even greater importance, it is vital that business managers know what to expect about the interaction between business and society as well as the government as their commercial activities grow in this burgeoning part of the world.

For each of these four countries, we will provide an overview of the extent to which CSR has become a part of the academic community and also how it is being practiced and incorporated in everyday management affairs. We will see that there are very significant differences among these countries which lead to the natural question: why? To answer this question, we will use an eight-part analytical framework developed specifically for this purpose. We will look at the history, the dominant religious beliefs, the relevant social customs, the geography, the political structures, the level of economic development, civil society institutions, and the “safety net” of each country. As a result of this analysis, we believe, academicians can learn how CSR is absorbed and spread into commercial affairs, and managers can profit from learning more about what to expect when doing business in this increasingly important region.

This study aims to explore the mediating effects of role overload and job security on the relationship between leader–member exchange and work engagement and simultaneously examines the impact of role overload on employees’ job security.

By means of telephone and email, the study inquired eight international tourist hotels’ willingness, and questionnaires were distributed to employees of these hotels in 2014. The hotel employees were asked to participate, and they have the right to agree or not. After discarding unusable responses, 310 individual surveys ratings were collected from a total of 500 self-administrated questionnaires were distributed (a 62.0 per cent response rate).

The result indicates that role overload and job security have mediating effects on the relationship between leader–member exchange and work engagement. Also, role overload can positively influence job security.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the mediating roles of role overload and job security between LMX and work engagement, as well as the influence of role overload on job security. This study attempts to make contributions to human resource management literatures of hospitality and tourism.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of home and host country leader–member exchange (LMX) on expatriate voice and determine whether perceived organizational support (POS) moderates the relationship between home or host country LMX and expatriate voice.

This study surveyed 300 expatriates (expatriation of at least six months) working for Taiwanese banks. The participants had expatriated to Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, the USA and Vietnam. Convenience sampling was adopted.

Based on an analysis of 132 expatriates working for Taiwanese banks, home and host country LMX were positively related to expatriate voice. Moreover, host country LMX accounted for more variance in expatriate voice than home country LMX did. Financial POS moderated the relationship between home country LMX and expatriate voice. Career POS and adjustment POS moderated the relationships between home and host country LMX and expatriate voice.

In the field of expatriate management, whether expatriate voice is influenced by home and host country LMX requires further exploration. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of home and host country LMX on expatriate voice in host countries, as well as the moderating effect of POS on the aforementioned relationships.

Drawing upon resource-based view (RBV) and attribution theoretical lenses, this chapter provides a paradigm for examining the interplay among environmental investment towards green innovation, environmental disclosure as well as firm performance using the structural equation modelling (SEM) methodology. This chapter demonstrate a growing environmental awareness among stakeholders of the relevance of environmental performance to share value. It is also suggested that the mediating power of environmental disclosure between environmental investment and firm value as well as incremental goodwill is crucial. The findings of this chapter provide critical implications for several stakeholders that if environmental performance is hypothesised to affect the firm's value, companies may take proactive measures to avert potential environmental-related violations. Besides, investors may trade based on the evidence as to how firm value and its goodwill from acquisition will be affected by news of its environmental performance.