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Early access to senior decision makers and investigations has improved outcomes for many conditions. A surgical clinical decisions unit (CDU) was created to allow rapid assessment and investigation by on-call senior surgical team members to facilitate decision making and, if appropriate, discharge within a set time frame (less than four hours). The purpose of this paper is to compare outcomes for unscheduled general surgery admissions to the hospital before and after commissioning this unit.

Prospectively collected hospital episode statistics data were compared for all general surgical admissions for one year prior to (July 2010-June 2011) and two years after (July 2011-June 2013) the introduction of the CDU. Statistical analysis using the Mann Whitney U-test was performed.

More patients were discharged within 24 hours (12 per cent vs 20 per cent, p < 0.001) and total hospital stay decreased (4.6 days vs 3.2 days, p < 0.001) following introduction of CDU. Admission via A & E (273 vs 212, p < 0.01) was also decreased. Overall there was a 25.3 per cent reduction in emergency surgical admissions. No difference was noted in 30-day readmission rates (47 vs 49, p=0.29).

The introduction of a CDU in has increased early discharge rates and facilitated safe early discharge, reducing overall hospital stay for unscheduled general surgical admissions. This has decreased fixed bed costs and improved patient flow by decreasing surgical care episodes routed through the emergency department (ED). In all, 30-day readmission rates have not been influenced by shorter hospital stay. Service redesign involving early senior decision making and patient investigation increases efficiency and patient satisfaction within unscheduled general surgical care. Not original but significant in that the model has not been widely implemented and this is a useful addition to the literature.

Discusses the development of employer liability from its origins in liability for work‐connected physical injury, through liability for work‐related physical injury/illness, mental/nervous disorders as a result of physical injury/illness, to present day liability for stress‐induced illness. The problems of cases of this nature are examined, and it is suggested that employers take reasonable steps to minimise those stresses of the workplace that are foreseeable.

Discusses work‐related stress, focusing on its management, counselling and training. Warns that recent successful compensation claims by employees over work‐related stress are indicative of the needs for companies to introduce programmes to combat stress. Gives examples of companies which have introduced employee assistance programmes and discusses their success. Suggests that such programmes not only help to avoid litigation but also help to combat productivity reduction due to stress in the workplace or at home.

To speak of education and old age in the same breath sounds paradoxical, even slightly absurd. Education has always been for the young, and it seems odd to suggest that the old should continue to be educated; for, as the saying goes, you cannot teach an old dog new tricks. Well there may be some truth in that, although it depends on which old dog you mean.

The purpose of this paper is to consider how male young offenders on community orders made sense of their offending behaviour as well as considering the extent these views aligned with traditional stereotypes of masculinity.

The research adopted a qualitative approach, using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews followed by interpretative phenomenological analysis to identify themes within the participant's narratives.

Two master themes were identified; “dissociating from an offender identity and authoring a new non‐offender identity” as well as “masculinity as multifaceted”. These themes were interpreted using self‐determination theory, highlighting the importance of intrinsic motivation and specific environmental conditions in enabling change and exploration of new identities.

This work was based on a small sample size. Whilst this permitted an in‐depth analysis it is acknowledged that this may have implications for making generalisations across the youth offending population.

This study identifies that the principles of autonomy, relatedness and competence, as outlined in self‐determination theory, potentially offer fruitful areas to be implemented in community orders. Such conditions can help to harness intrinsic motivation to change and self‐regulated behaviour.

This paper is of value to those working and holding an interest within the criminal justice domain. Its adoption of a qualitative approach, considering a UK sample of young offenders on community orders at the time of the interview is unique. This study allows practical recommendations to be made to those engaged in youth rehabilitation.

Previous research into health care professionals' perceptions of self‐harm has found that, although complex, in some cases their perceptions can be somewhat negative and unsympathetic towards individuals who harm themselves. However, it is presently unclear whether these perceptions reflect more general attitudes to self‐harm in broader social groups. The present study aims to represent a preliminary investigation into perceptions of self‐harm in the general public. First, since there is no universal agreement on which behaviours constitute self‐harm, this study aims to investigate public perceptions of this, including whether participants identified more controversial behaviours such as eating disorders and body modification as methods of self‐harm in addition to the more commonly identified behaviours such as cutting and burning. Secondly, it aims to identify whether attitudes towards individuals who self‐harm in a small sample of the general public were similar to the sometimes negative and unsympathetic perceptions of health care professionals demonstrated in some previous studies.

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven participants, none of whom had any professional or academic experience or knowledge of self‐harm, who were recruited via second acquaintances of the first author. A matrix‐based thematic analysis method was used to analyse the data collected.

The main findings of this study were that eating disorders were generally perceived as forms of self‐harm while body modification was not, and that participants generally showed sympathy towards individuals who self‐harm, especially when they perceived the behaviour to be associated with mental illness.

Although, given the small size of the sample, this should be considered a preliminary study, the findings suggest that developing a greater understanding of public perceptions of self‐harm could have important implications for understanding mental health professionals' perceptions of the phenomenon. The authors suggest that stigma and negative perceptions of people who self‐harm may not be inevitable and that further research in this area could be of value in informing public and professional education campaigns in this area.

Using technology to meet national security expectations and requirements is not new. Nations attempt to strike a balance between security and the (expressed or otherwise) privacy needs of citizens. Attacks (physical or cyber) on citizens shift the equilibrium point towards security. In contrast, civil liberties organisations act to preserve or increase privacy. The purpose of this paper is to explore Australian attitudes towards privacy and surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this paper aims to discover what (if any) factors contribute to societal acceptance of privacy encroachment implicated by surveillance programs.

Data collection occurred during 2021 using a cross-sectional survey comprising a variety of self-assessment questions. In addition, anchoring vignettes were introduced as a means of contextualising complex concepts, i.e. privacy and security. Finally, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify homogenous patterns within the data, referred to as “classes” for the analysis of trust.

First, the survey revealed that citizens appear to be unconcerned about surveillance in public and private spaces (although this may be a temporary effect resulting from the pandemic). The potential for identification, however, does raise concerns. Second, LCA surfaced a specific group that were more likely to trust entities and showed less concern about surveillance in society. Finally, even this latter group displayed a “trust deficit” in specific organisations (private businesses and social media firms).

The tension between security and privacy remains, even in a post-pandemic world; therefore, the authors consider that the results, whilst interesting, are preliminary. Notwithstanding this, the findings provide insight into Australian attitudes towards privacy and surveillance and, consequently, provide input into public policy.

This is the most recent survey of the Australian public concerning this issue. The analysis of the effect of the pandemic on attitudes provides further value.

He has been with the company, as personnel manager, since 1982. The new position of manager — customer services, will encompass spares and service, installation and commissioning, rebuild and refurbishing and customer training.

The paper aims to examine the effect of employees' perceived physical attractiveness on the extent to which their voices are “listened to” by management.

Using an experimental research design, the paper estimates main effects of employee attractiveness and possible moderating effects of employee race and gender as well as the gender of their “managers.”

The results suggest that, with few exceptions, more physically attractive employees are significantly more likely to have their suggestions acted upon by managers than less attractive employees, pointing to a powerful form of workplace discrimination. This finding holds across races, with more attractive white, black, and Asian employees exerting a more impactful voice than their less attractive counterparts, although the moderation appears to be stronger for whites than ethnic minorities.

The results have important implications for the extant literatures on employee voice, diversity and discrimination.

This is among the first studies to demonstrate that less attractive employees suffer from an “employee voice deficit” vis-à-vis their more attractive counterparts.