Search results

This chapter pulls together the main strands of Child Labour in Global Society, and addresses their implications for the sociological study of children’s lives, schooling and slavery.

In popular and scholarly discourses there is a tendency to emphasize the differences between the social lives of children and those of adults rather than the similarities and continuities; to misrepresent children’s social activities in comparison with those of adults; to rationalize the differential way in which children’s social activities and participation are assessed and rewarded relative to those of adults; and to fortify children’s actual and/or assumed marginal situation in modern society.

There are sociological gains to be had from emphasizing the comparable features and structural links between ‘childhood’ and ‘adulthood’ due especially to the common participation of children and adults in productive labour.

The way in which children’s social activities are differentially assessed and rewarded is reflected in how children are denied full citizenship rights, and so are non-citizens.

In particular, children are denied the right to freely exchange their labour power on the labour market.

While viewing educational labour as forced labour does not sit well with ideas about children and childhood in modern society, doing so is consistent with the element of compulsion in for instance the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

Being compulsorily required to perform educational labour is indicative of how in modern societies children are owned and in slavery, not just of the de facto kind, but also of the de jure kind.

Introduction Within the food industry today, there is an increasing trend towards the production of higher quality products. There are two major motivating factors behind this trend. First, growing public interest in the safety and wholesomeness of foodstuffs has led to increasingly stringent regulations in the EC, the USA and Japan. Second, more and more food companies are realising the financial benefits to be gained from better quality assurance and process control on the production line. By producing quality products through an efficient and controlled process, companies can increase their market share and reduce costs. The penalties to be paid for not paying sufficient attention to quality control can be very high — from a costly recall of a batch of a product to a long‐term fall in market share due to the loss of customer confidence in a brand name.

The paper aims to utilise Adam and Kriesi's network approach to policy analysis to examine the range of exogenous factors that affect interactions in the community sport policy process from a local authority perspective.

The research is based upon two case studies. Each case study involved semi-structured interviews with three local authority middle/senior managers, three senior County Sport Partnership (CSP) representatives, and eight regional/county national governing bodies of sport (NGB) representatives.

While the two cases exhibit distinctive socio-economic and structural profiles they provide valuable evidence regarding the operation of the network of partners involved in community sport and also illustrate the utility of Adam and Kriesi's analytical framework. In relation to Adam and Kriesi's power/interaction model both cases illustrate the fragmentation of power at the community level although interaction in one case exhibits a pattern best characterised as “competition” whereas interaction in the other is more closely associated with “horizontal cooperation”.

The paper highlights the need for improved theorisation of partnership arrangements in community sport, in particular: examining the relationship between issues such as resources, organisational capacity, and traditional involvement in sport development and attitudes toward the community sport policy process; linked to this, mapping the causal relationships in partnerships, i.e. what factors lead to what actions or behaviours; and investigating the utility of various strategies in developing a more cohesive and effective sub-regional policy system.

Local authority perspectives of community sport policy is an under-researched topic. It is timely to study these perspectives due to the refreshed community sport policy for 2013-2017, the traditional status of local government as the major funder of community sport, and the public sector budget reductions and reported implications for non-statutory services, such as community sport

Cultural anthropologists have explored ways in which ritual both imparts and expresses values in societies. Their findings have much to offer to educational managers in democratic societies. Victor Turner′s structure/antistructure paradigm is particularly suited to exploring the range of meanings that rituals can carry. Presents methodology derived from the practical involvement of educational managers in the analysis and design of ritual. Argues that, in educational institutions, existing rituals can be usefully analysed and that new rituals should be “self‐generated” rather than imposed.

We examine tick sizes, stock prices, and share turnover in eighteen stock markets in developed countries and find that differences in mandatory tick sizes explain a significant proportion of the variation in stock prices among markets, and that lower percentage tick sizes are not associated with higher turnover. We consider the implications of these findings for the recent decimalization of stock trading in the United States, and conclude that decimal trading is likely to result in lower stock prices (due to stock splits) with no substantial change in dollar trading volume.

In a joint funding arrangement with the University Grants Committee, Lucas Aerospace is to establish a Chair of Aerospace Systems Engineering at the University of Southampton, to be called ‘The Lucas Chair of Aerospace Systems Engineering’. This will be the first such course in the country to concentrate exclusively on systems aspects of aerospace engineering.