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The examination and identification of solvents and binder resins in particular has been discussed in detail previously. It is the sole purpose of this section to indicate the means available for obtaining these substances from finished paints in such a way as to facilitate their analysis. For example, the ASTM (15) has published a standard procedure for examining the solvent portion of paints by direct injection on to a GC. In this case, so as to prevent blockage of the column by the resin and pigment components, the sample was injected either via a glass injection port sleeve or on to a glass wool plug positioned in the heated injection port. Hence solvent analysis could be carried out without the need to apply any preliminary separation procedures. If however, both solvent and binder resin are to be examined then a procedure for separating these constituents must be applied.

Numerous studies have proliferated on the salient role of the subsidiary in multinational enterprise learning and innovative capability building. However, this role has not been considered outside the structural properties of the transnational or integrated network configuration. This paper aims to highlight the role of agency in learning beyond effective configurations.

The research is based on case studies that systematically compare the ways in which parent company knowledge embedded in a transnational and an international structure is transferred to subsidiaries in the European chemical industry.

The paper demonstrates that an international structure can also promote higher levels of learning, despite the absence of learning‐facilitating structural properties, when subsidiaries' orientation to enact acquired knowledge or their “effortful accomplishments” are considered.

The findings point to the significance of agency or adaptation to contexts that require either idiosyncratic or ongoing changes, where structural properties of a multinational enterprise are not conducive to higher levels of learning. In the absence of these structural properties, employees need to be guided to change their recognisable pattern of interdependent actions.

The learning implications of Bartlett and Ghoshal's MNE structures are fine‐tuned with the conceptualization of learning as practice. By adopting an agency‐based understanding of learning, the two aspects of learning are reconciled, i.e. knowledge transfer and the actor's orientation to acquired knowledge for a more refined understanding of the concept within the MNE context.

Methods of forming gelatin films and sheets have been published, and of semi‐permeabie membranes. The structure of dried gelatin films has been investigated, including temperature dependance of the structure forming process, and internal stresses of gelatin film applied to solid substrates. Studies of the state of absorbed water in gelatin films have been carried out, to show that the absorbed water becomes bound. Internal stresses arising from the heating of gelatin film have been found to decrease by addition of plasticisers, such as glycerol. The mechanical properties of gelatin film prepared by the evaporation of its water/solvent solutions has been investigated, and the effects of dyes and titanium dioxide on the mechanical properties of the films has been examined. The oxide was found to have negligible effects, but the dyes produced minor changes in the modulus and tensile strength, and major changes in the contraction of the film under constant stress. The effects of water on the mechanical strength of gelatin films has also been considered and compared with its effects on collagen. The permeability of potassium chloride, tetraalkyl ammonium chloride, dodecylamine chloride and uric acid, glucose and urea.

This paper aims to explore the reporting challenges and related organisational mechanisms of change associated with disclosing corporate risks within integrated reports.

This paper adopts a Latourian performative approach to explore the organisational mechanisms of change in terms of networks of actors, both “human” and “non-human”, involved in the preparation of risk-related disclosure. Empirical evidence is collected by means of in-depth interviews with the preparers of an integrated reporting pioneer company.

Preparing disclosure on corporate risks in the context of integrated reporting demands close interaction among several actors. When disclosure shifts from listing key risks to providing information on how these risks are managed or connect with corporate strategy and value creation, departments not usually involved in corporate reporting play an active role and external stakeholders offer pertinent insights, benchmarks and feedback. Integrated reporting and risk management frameworks are the “non-human” actors that facilitate the engagement of diverse “human” actors.

Preparers should be aware that risk disclosure within integrated reports requires collaboration among (“human”) actors belonging to different departments and the engagement of external stakeholders. Preparers should consider the frameworks of integrated reporting and risk management as facilitators of cross-departmental discussions and dialogue, rather than mere contributors of guidelines and recommendations.

This study enriches the scant literature on organisational mechanisms of change made in response to integrated reporting challenges, showing subsequent advancements in the organisational process underlying the preparation of risk disclosure.

The manufacture of esters for eleostearic acid has been outlined and a number of their properties examined, e.g. monomeric auto‐oxidation and atmospheric oxidation of B‐ acid esters and also permeability to water of thin unsupported films of xeleostearate esters has been investigated.

Epoxy resins are compounds which contain in their molecule more than one 1,2 epoxy group capable of undergoing polyreactions, referred to as curing reactions. The presence of epoxy groups may be either internal, terminal or on cyclic structures. Polyreactions take place at varying temperatures from low room temperature cure to high temperature cure systems upon addition of curing agents such as amines, amides or carboxylic acid anhydrides. The uncured resins which range from low viscosity liquids to high melting solids, soluble in organic solvents, become insoluble, infusible hard materials on curing due to crosslinked structure of the cured products.

Eleostearic acid is the backbone of tung oil, the manufacturer, uses, potential and chemical structure of which have been reviewed in earlier years. Eleostearic acid is a conjugated, positional isomer of linolenic acid, with three double bonds and is a very reactive acid, even more so than linolenic acid —

Analyses journal demand received by one of Spain′s two document supply centres in one year. Examines data in the following categories: most frequently requested subjects, age of documents, countries where the original journals are published, the most requested foreign and Spanish journals, and the fields of activity of the users.

The introduction describes the factors which are necessary in characterising blacks. An important factor apart from ‘primary particle size’ and structure is their surface chemistry.

Of late there has been a controversy among medical men upon the question of whether or not the cooking of food in aluminium receptacles may result in injury to health. Quite recently there were three letters upon this subject in one issue of the “British Medical Journal.” There are those who see in this practice a real and serious danger; others who deny the existence of any such danger; and there are many who entertain doubts upon the subject.