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This paper suggests a standard format for creating hypermedia software. Teachers and students of literature have taken up the use of hypermedia technology enthusiastically and so we are rapidly arriving at a situation where a mushrooming of software for language and literature teaching will be faced. We will arrive much sooner at a situation where searching for an appropriate software would be as difficult as finding an appropriate article today. Technology is expected to optimise information to maximise knowledge: the confusion created by Gutenburg's invention is because duplication cannot be avoided. The suggested format is based on the major pillars of literary criticism — author centred, text centred and reader centred—and develops from the word to the work level. The findings have been demonstrated in the form of Technocriticism, a hypermedia program created on HyperCard.

This paper argues that simpler techniques explaining visual symbols (the referents) such as illustrations, annotation of texts with commentaries, explanations, word meanings, maps and pictures are not sufficient for conveying the message in culturally displaced (i.e. foreign language) texts. The definition of technology in relation to the teaching of literature would go beyond the machine‐tool definition and into the hermeneutic sciences, which say that the message of the literary text lies above the lexical and syntactic levels in the creative unconscious of the gifted individuals. The transfer of the message has not been successfully achieved even with the combination of different media. Literary texts create an overall impression with the help of pieces of information, and hypertext seems to promise a medium for providing explanations which would help convey the ‘essence’ of the texts.

After a successful discussion and analysis of the case, the participants will be able to distinguish and appreciate the situations of conflict of interest (COI), whistle-blowing, etc. Initiate appropriate methods to avoid/minimize the impact of COI and ensure justice and fair-play to all stake-holders. Identify and appreciate the work-context of each executive-position and initiate standard operating procedures to protect the interests of the enterprise and all its stakeholders. Appreciate the relevance of whistle-blowing and to initiate appropriate methods to ensure justice and fair-play to all stake-holders.

In the context of the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)-bank, the systemic inadequacies seemed to have failed in preventing the incidences of COI. The organization was too centralized to be able to respond proactively to the allegations. The case lays bare the inadequacy of professionalism among the media in responding promptly to such instances. The case generalizes that, with increasing globalization, such incidences have global ramifications and the organizations face much greater risks than ever. The case concludes that to emerge as a mature and leading organization in the global market, ICICI-bank needed to strengthen various aspects of corporate governance; similarly to emerge as a developed economy, India needed to develop independent watchdogs to monitor the activities of corporations continuously. Media needed to be independent and mature to fulfil its duty of continuous and transparent communication to the public.

The case can be understood and analysed by management students in the post-graduate level or by working executives with at least four to five years of experience in the corporate sector.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS 11: Strategy.

The non-executive Chairman, Chaturvedi, must lead the Board of Directors of ICICI Bank as it deals with the adverse findings by a former Supreme Court judge against Ms. Chanda Kochhar, the former Chief Executive of the Bank. She had not disclosed a conflict of interest regarding a loan to a corporate group that had business dealings with her husband. Months earlier, the Board had exonerated her and also allowed her to retire from the Bank. Could and should the Board now reclassify Kochhar's retirement as ‘Termination for Cause’ and claw back her past bonuses?

This paper aims to depict the erosion performance of two HVOF-coated micron layers (Colmonoy-88 and Stellite-6) on pump impeller steel (SS-410) by using Taguchi's method. Taguchi's array (L16) was used to optimize the erosion wear (in terms of weight loss) by using four influencing parameters such as rotational speed, solid concentration, average particle size and time which were varied at four different levels.

The experiments were carried out by using a Ducom slurry tester with rotational speed in the range of 750-1,500 rpm, solid concentration of 35-65 per cent by weight, time period of 75-210 min and average particle sizes in the range of < 53 to 250 µm. Bottom Ash with a nominal size range of < 53 to 250 µm was used as erodent. The process parameters were optimized by using Taguchi's method. The ANOVA method was used to validate the results given by Taguchi's method.

The results revealed that the presence of both carbides and borides and the additional presence of Cr in Colmonoy-88 coating enhancing the slurry erosion resistance of Colmonoy-88 coating. Moreover, the chromium and tungsten carbide particles help in increasing the bond strength between the coating and the substrate material. Further, it was also found that the time was the most dominant factor as compared to other factors.

The very less work has been reported on optimization of erosion wear response of Colmonoy-88 and Stellite-6 coatings by using different design of experiment techniques. Further, the erosion wear mechanism of both coatings has been studied by using image j analysis software.

Technological developments have made it possible for organizations to use enterprise resource planning (ERP) services without indulging in heavy investments like IT infrastructure, trained manpower for implementation and maintenance and updating the systems regularly to maintain business competitiveness. Plug and play model offered by cloud ERP has led to a constant creation of large data sets which are structured, semi-structured and unstructured by nature. Thus, there has been a need to analyze such complex data sets and the purpose of this paper is to focus on how cloud ERP and big data predictive analytics (BDPA) will impact the performance of a firm.

A dynamic capability view (DCV) theory-based model was developed and the authors have collected data by using an online questionnaire from India. Thereafter, the authors have analyzed it by employing structural equation modeling.

SEM analysis of 231 respondents showcases that the use of DCV theory to define the relationships of cloud ERP and BDPA has been the right move. Out of the 13 hypotheses empirically tested, only 7 hypotheses were supported by the data.

The study showcases cross-sectional data from India. It would be interesting for this study to see if the country-level differences would influence these relationships between cloud ERP and financial performance, BDPA and financial performance and cloud ERP and BDPA.

This study empirically tests the relationship of cloud ERP and BDPA through a model based on DCV theory.

The study aims to establish the effect of personal resourcefulness and marital adjustment on job satisfaction and life satisfaction of working women in India.

A total of 300 women are studied – 100 each in the working women, home‐based working women, and homemakers categories – using the following scales: socio economic status scale, general health questionnaire, self‐esteem inventory, life satisfaction scale, perceived stress scale, marital adjustment scale, the self‐control schedule, and job satisfaction questionnaire.

It is found that the home‐based working women are the least stressed, most well adjusted, and the most satisfied with their careers among the groups studied. Their ways of perceiving and handling stress are found to be more effective than those used by women in the other two groups.

The study implicates women friendly work policies – like flexible job hours and home office – as well as a cooperative home environment and assistance for housework. Stress relief programmes, yoga and an overall change of attitude towards housework, female employees and sex roles are needed.

The study shows that a positive attitude towards their work in the family and adoption of practical family‐friendly policies by organizations is likely to enhance productivity for the female workforce. Various need‐based interventions are suggested.

The prime objective of this paper is to design a green supply chain management (GSCM) framework to evaluate the performance of environmental-conscious suppliers using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach.

The literature survey reveals critical factors for implementing GSCM, adopted methodologies and the result obtained by several researchers. Data have been collected by conducting surveys and interviews with strategic-level personnel of five esteemed organizations in automobile manufacturing sectors. A GSCM framework is developed in which a mathematical tool entropy–the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) has been used to analyze the six parameters of automobile manufacturing unit. Initially, entropy is used to find the weights of each of the parameters that influence the decision matrix of the TOPSIS method. Secondly, the proposed GSCM framework ranks the supplier. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model satisfies the GSCM framework and benchmarked the supplier.

The result shows that “Total CO₂ emission” has an influential role for GSCM sustainability, and hence, firms should put more effort to reduce emissions to improve overall performance. Again, the parameters like investment in R&D and total waste generation may be ignored in the selection process. The result reveals the benchmarked supplier and its strategies for effective sourcing, which would have an indirect effect on organizations' overall sustainability.

This research entirely focuses on sustainability within supply chain considering economic, social and environmental paradigms. The mathematical modeling of the proposed work considers many influential parameters and provides an easy and comprehensive decision-making technique.

The methods may be adopted by the industries for sustainable supply chain management. This study benchmarks the supplier organizations and explores the adopted policies by benchmarked organizations. Other organizations should follow the policies followed by benchmarked organization for enhancing environmental, social and economic performance. Organizations striving for sustainable development can adopt this framework for evaluation of supplier performance and benchmark with better accuracy.

The design of the GSCM framework explores both the qualitative and quantitative data based on environmental, social and economic parameters simultaneously in the evaluation of environmentally conscious suppliers. The research also investigates the constraints of the system to implement the GSCM in automobile manufacturing unit. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis justifies the benchmarked supplier and the adopted strategies to be followed by other manufacturing unit.

The prevention of fraudulent activities, particularly within a financial context, is of paramount significance in all spheres, as it not only impacts the sustainability of corporate entities but also has the potential to have a broader economy-wide impact. This paper aims to focus on dual implications associated with financial distress, the first being associated with the temptation to launder funds due to financial distress, and the second being the potential for illicit activities, such as fraud, money laundering or terror financing, to give rise to financial distress.

The paper examines the literature on financial distress and uses theories of financial crime to establish a link between financial distress and financial crime.

In recent years, there has been a surge in corporate financial distress, particularly in the aftermath of concurrent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine war. Through a comprehensive examination of literature pertaining to financial distress and financial crime, this study identifies a proclivity towards fraudulent conduct arising from instances of financial distress. Moreover, the engagement in such illicit activities subsequently exacerbates the financial distress. An analysis of the relationship between financial crime and financial distress reveals the existence of a vicious cycle between the two.

The results of this study have the potential to advance understanding of the relationship between financial distress and financial crime, which has been previously underexplored.

Considering the role of the textile industry in the generation of employment and export in the Indian economy, it is important to comprehend the efficiency level in the operations of the textile units located in different states in India. In this light, the purpose of this paper is to examine the operational efficiency of textile manufacturing units in Haryana, a northern state of India.

The study applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach consisting of input-oriented CCR and BCC techniques along with the return to scale technique for the analysis of five years of data from 2015–2016 to 2019–2020.

The results reveal that Haryana’s textile units have significantly underperformed operationally, with an average technical efficiency score of just 0.25 for five years, from 2015–2016 to 2019–2020. The yearly ratings of the overall technical efficiency of the selected textile companies include 0.20, 0.18, 0.18, 0.40 and 0.28; PTE scores are 0.43, 0.43, 0.55, 0.60, 0.62 and scale efficiency scores 0.54, 0.44, 0.29, 0.71, 0.38, respectively, from 2015–2016 to 2019–2020. On the other hand, average of 5.8 units are functioning at the constant return to scale, 10.2 units are at increasing return to scale and average of 45 units are functioning at decreasing return to scale (DRS). It is found that most of the companies are functioning at a DRS; to boost efficiency, these companies must reduce their input size since they are running at a DRS.

The results of the current paper provide key insight into the inefficiency level of the textile manufacturing industry in the context of northern India. Industry professionals can take corrective measures based on these findings. Moreover, for investors and portfolio managers, knowing which companies are efficient and which are not will help them make better decisions. The study helps policymakers to frame appropriate policy guidelines to make the textile units in the state more efficient and competitive.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has been done so far on the operational performance of the textile industry in Haryana based on the DEA technique. So, it will contribute to the extant literature on the performance of the textile industry.