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Article
Publication date: 13 November 2017

Hamid Rizal and Hanudin Amin

The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model explicating Muslims intention towards charitable giving of cash waqf. Drawing from altruism theoretical paradigm, the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model explicating Muslims intention towards charitable giving of cash waqf. Drawing from altruism theoretical paradigm, the present study investigates the role of perceived ihsan, Islamic egalitarian and Islamic religiosity on cash waqf contribution.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey method using Islamic banking respondents were exploited for data collection. A total sample of 264 completed questionnaires were analysed.

Findings

The results of exploratory factor analysis indicate strong constructs nomological validity. The structural equation modelling using path analysis was also performed to estimate the proposed research framework. The result of model testing shows significant relationship between perceived ihsan, Islamic egalitarian and Islamic religiosity on cash waqf contribution.

Practical implications

The results suggest that perception of ihsan and notion of equality significantly influences Muslims’ sense of religiosity, which subsequently encourages the generosity giving behaviour of waqf. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Originality/value

The study introduces two new dimensions of perceived ihsan and Islamic egalitarian. Specifically, the present study offers fresh new insights of charitable giving of cash waqf behaviours from Islamic perspective.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 6 July 2021

Wan Nuraihan Ab Shatar, Jalal Rajeh Hanaysha and Putri Rozita Tahir

This paper aims to test the main factors that affect cash waqf collection among the employees of Islamic banking institutions (IBIs) in Malaysia.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to test the main factors that affect cash waqf collection among the employees of Islamic banking institutions (IBIs) in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was gathered using a survey method from 218 employees of IBIs in Malaysia. The obtained data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and smart partial least squares-structural equation modeling to verify the hypothesis and reach conclusions.

Findings

The results revealed that word of mouth and trust have significant positive impacts on cash waqf collection. The outcomes also confirmed that convenience and accessibility to cash waqf play significant roles in affecting cash waqf collection.

Originality/value

Based on the researchers’ knowledge, there are only a few studies which focused on measuring the driver of cash waqf collection from the employees’ perspective, particularly in the Malaysian context. This study specifically applies the theory of reasoned action to determine employees’ attitudes toward cash waqf fund collections in IBIs in Malaysia. Having an understanding of the factors that influence employees to contribute to cash waqf would better equip IBIs in managing their cash waqf contributions and in designing their marketing and branding strategies for promoting their institutions.

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0128-1976

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 December 2022

Anwar Allah Pitchay, Raditya Sukmana, Ririn Tri Ratnasari and Mohamad Isa Abd Jalil

This study aims to examine the determinants of motivation that influences Malaysian and Indonesian millennials to contribute cash waqf.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the determinants of motivation that influences Malaysian and Indonesian millennials to contribute cash waqf.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study used self-determination theory and 423 respondents, of which 205 respondents are from Malaysia and 218 from Indonesia. The study developed a self-administrative questionnaire, and it is distributed through an online survey method, and the data are analysed using SmartPLS partial least squares analysis.

Findings

The results show that perceived donor effectiveness and moral obligation factors influence both Malaysians and Indonesian millennials to make cash waqf contributions. Meanwhile, the face concern factor did not significantly affect millennials in Malaysia and Indonesia to contribute cash waqf. Furthermore, the sense of self-worth factor appears to significantly influence only Indonesian millennials but not Malaysian millennials.

Research limitations/implications

The research findings have significant theoretical and practical ramifications. Firstly, while face concern has a positive effect on millennials’ willingness to contribute cash to waqf, it is not statistically significant in Muslim populations. This implies that to persuade millennials to make cash waqf contributions, the face concern argument should be avoided.

Originality/value

The comparative study between Malaysia and Indonesia adds new value to this study. These two Muslim majority countries have similar attributes in terms of religion, demography and race background. Furthermore, the focus of this study, which targets units of analysis from millennials, has received very little attention in the literature related to cash waqf.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 16 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 April 2018

Madaa Mustafa and Syed Faiq Najeeb

This paper aims to make a first attempt to highlight the Sharīʿah-compliance challenges of existing Sharīʿah-compliant deposit insurance schemes (SCDIS), particularly the issue of…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to make a first attempt to highlight the Sharīʿah-compliance challenges of existing Sharīʿah-compliant deposit insurance schemes (SCDIS), particularly the issue of subrogation to contributing parties in takāful-based SCDIS and the issue of receiving a fee for guarantee in kafālah-based SCDIS. The paper also aims to propose an additional cash waqf SCDIS structure that mitigates these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed cash waqf scheme is assessed for compliance against classical works of Islamic jurisprudence and the contemporary regulations and standards of best practices for deposit insurance schemes.

Findings

The proposed cash waqf SCDIS structure is able to overcome the Sharīʿah and legal challenges in the existing SCDIS modalities, including subrogation and payment of fees for guarantee. Moreover, it is designed to comply with the International Association of Deposit Insurers’ Core Principles for effective deposit insurance schemes. Hence, a cash waqf structure is a viable alternative for jurisdictions to introduce SCDIS.

Originality/value

This paper introduces an additional cash waqf SCDIS modality and sets the foundation for future research in studying viable Sharīʿah-compliant deposit insurance modalities supporting a stable and resilient Islamic banking industry.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 November 2023

Rindawati Maulina, Wawan Dhewanto and Taufik Faturohman

This paper aims to investigate the behaviour determinants towards cash waqf for productive purposes between two different classes of Muslims: the upper-middle class and the…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the behaviour determinants towards cash waqf for productive purposes between two different classes of Muslims: the upper-middle class and the lower-middle class.

Design/methodology/approach

Under the Theory of Planned Behavior framework, this study modified previous literature to investigate the determinants of two Muslim classes’ behaviour towards cash waqf for productive purposes. A structural equation model was applied to test the hypothesis, and an in-depth interview was conducted to explain the findings further.

Findings

The behaviour of participating in cash waqf for productive purposes differs between the two Muslim segments. Upper-middle-class Muslims’ intentions will not necessarily consider subjective norms, even though they will consider religiosity as their deciding factor. Meanwhile, this study found different results on the influence of attitude, religiosity and subjective norms to intention in the lower-middle-income group. Other attributes such as perceived behaviour control, knowledge, trust and perceived benefits show positive and significant effects on the intention for both income classes of Muslims.

Research limitations/implications

The current findings may not accurately reflect ideal conditions due to the low level of waqf literacy and actual participation of Muslims in cash waqf for productive purposes. Researchers can conduct further studies based on other criteria, such as gender, age, education level or area of residence, using experimental or simulation methods to complement the research.

Practical implications

This study’s findings can support policymakers and related waqf stakeholders to set strategies for cash waqf literacy and participation by providing more detailed information about the differences in Muslims characteristics based on the income classes.

Originality/value

This study specifically modifies the behavioural framework to investigate differences in the behaviour of two classes of Muslims towards their participation in cash waqf for productive purposes in Indonesia.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 12 October 2018

Anwar Allah Pitchay, Mohamed Asmy Mohd Thas Thaker, Al Amin Mydin, Zubir Azhar and Abdul Rais Abdul Latiff

Waqf (Islamic endowment) in the form of cash is important to address the problem of developing idle waqf lands. Although there are various existing models of cash waqf, there is…

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Abstract

Purpose

Waqf (Islamic endowment) in the form of cash is important to address the problem of developing idle waqf lands. Although there are various existing models of cash waqf, there is still a need for innovative cash waqf models. This paper aims to offer an alternative mode of financing for developing idle waqf lands using the concepts of cooperatives and waqf.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study first evaluates relevant literature on financing issues faced by waqf institutions in developing idle waqf lands as well as existing models of cash waqf. Based on the prevailing gap in cash waqf models, the study proposes a hybrid model of cooperative-waqf to finance idle waqf lands in Malaysia.

Findings

The proposed model is unique owing to the new dimension of membership being embedded into the waqf project. It considers donors as members of the waqf project, which is funded through the cash waqf collected, and thus, donors are given the privilege to receive benefits from the commercialised projects that are developed on the waqf lands. The existing models of cash waqf use traditional methods in which donors merely contribute cash waqf without any awareness of how the contributions are utilised. Usually, this problem occurs due to the lack of reciprocal communication between cash waqf donors and waqf institutions.

Research limitations/implications

The present study examines the case of waqf land development in the context of Malaysia only. Secondly, the paper does not contain any empirical analysis, and the development of the paper is based on existing literature that discusses various models of cash waqf practised in Muslim-majority and -minority countries. Future research can conduct surveys of donors and other stakeholders on the practicality of the model.

Practical implications

It is expected that the proposed cooperative-waqf model will be able to create a synchronised relationship between cash waqf donors and waqf institutions and hence boost participation in developing waqf lands.

Originality/value

The present study adds to the existing literature in the area of waqf and cash waqf models, especially the application of this instrument in the context of Malaysia. It also offers a new hybrid model to the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) – Malaysia’s sole trustee of waqf assets management – such that the implementation of the proposed model could boost the collection of cash waqf in developing commercial projects on idle waqf lands.

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0128-1976

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 19 November 2018

Siti Nur Asmad Che Hassan and Asmak Ab Rahman

Purpose – This study analyses the potential of cash waqf for the socio-economic development of Kelantan state. A cash waqf scheme was established by the Kelantan Islamic Religious…

Abstract

Purpose – This study analyses the potential of cash waqf for the socio-economic development of Kelantan state. A cash waqf scheme was established by the Kelantan Islamic Religious Council (Majlis Agama Islam Kelantan or MAIK) in an effort to contribute to the socio-economic development of the Muslim community in that state.

Methodology/approach – A qualitative method of data acquisition through interviews. Among the informants interviewed were persons well versed with waqf and Islamic affairs, and several relevant public persons in Kelantan.

Findings – The results indicate that the people of Kelantan are optimistic about the success of cash waqf, although the implementation of this instrument is still in its infancy there. The socio-economic development factors of the economy, education, well-being, agriculture, health and religious affairs can be improved with the implementation of cash waqf.

Originality/value – This chapter is the first attempt to discuss the potential of cash waqf in Kelantan.

Details

New Developments in Islamic Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-283-7

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 January 2022

Anwar Allah Pitchay

The present study aims to focus on the management of public listed companies (PLC) in Malaysia. It aims to explore the factors that influence the behavioural intention of the…

Abstract

Purpose

The present study aims to focus on the management of public listed companies (PLC) in Malaysia. It aims to explore the factors that influence the behavioural intention of the managers in donating cash waqf (endowment) as part of their organisations’ corporate philanthropy.

Design/methodology/approach

The theory of planned behaviour was used, and 701 questionnaires were emailed to PLCs’ managers. Four main variables, i.e. economic attitude, political pressure, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and personal moral obligation, were tested and analysed by using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The findings showed that the first three variables, attitude, subjective norms and PBC of the management, significantly influenced management’s behavioural intention to donate cash waqf. Nonetheless, the personal moral obligation of the management was found to be insignificant.

Research limitations/implications

One of the main limitations is that it involved only quantitative surveys with managers in Malaysia. In future, the findings of this study can be supported by interviews.

Originality/value

The present study integrates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) fund of Shariah-compliant companies for the development of waqf property. The combination of CSR funds and waqf land will solve the waqf institution’s fund deficit issue. This will optimize waqf land development efficiency and benefit society.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 15 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 20 September 2021

Khaled Nour Aldeen, Inayah Swasti Ratih and Risa Sari Pertiwi

The purpose of this study is to explore the awareness and willingness level of millennials in Indonesia towards cash waqf (cash endowment). Cash waqf has gained huge attention in…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the awareness and willingness level of millennials in Indonesia towards cash waqf (cash endowment). Cash waqf has gained huge attention in Indonesia because of its flexibility, especially after the Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) officially announcing in 2002 that cash waqf practices in the country are Sharīʿah-compliant. Millennials comprise 33.75% of the total Indonesian population. Therefore, it is vital to analyze cash waqf from an Indonesian perspective. This study provides vital information for all institutions that are concerned with the enhancement of cash waqf contributions in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

Self-structured questionnaires were distributed in Java Island to collect the data. The data were examined by employing suitable statistical tools. Besides, post-interview fact-finding was conducted with cash waqf experts from different related institutions in Indonesia to reach a more in-depth understanding about cash waqf issues.

Findings

The results depict a high level of awareness about cash waqf among millennials in Indonesia. The results further reveal a lower willingness level to contribute to cash waqf of the sample population as compared to their level of awareness about cash waqf. Moreover, cash waqf promotions must focus on delivering a deeper understanding about the concept and how it differs from other types of Islamic philanthropy. The results suggest that waqf trustees in the country must be more transparent. Moreover, the Indonesian Waqf Board should implement stricter rules to monitor waqf trustees.

Research limitations/implications

This research restricts the sample population to Indonesian Muslims who were born between 1980 and 2000.

Practical implications

As a Muslim-majority country, one would expect Indonesia to make much progress in cash waqf. By providing an explanatory understanding of willingness and awareness of cash waqf among Indonesians, this research can be helpful in designing proper educative marketing campaigns for future endowers to cash waqf activities to ensure cash waqf institutions provide efficient services. It is advisable to emphasize the transparency of waqf organizations. This will add to the nāz˙irs’ (waqf trustee) reputation, thereby boosting waqf's national shares by ensuring a proper allocation of cash waqf. The regulator should be more strict in monitoring nāz˙ir practices. For instance, it could include a periodic assessment of waqf entities.

Originality/value

This study is original in nature; there is no previous study that addresses the millennial’s perspective toward cash waqf in Indonesia. Hence, this study presents precious information for policy makers, practitioners and researchers.

Details

ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0128-1976

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 April 2023

Wahyu Jatmiko, Banu Muhammad Haidlir, A. Azizon, Bambang Shergi Laksmono and Rahmatina Kasri

The proponents of cash waqf speak highly about its huge potential for mobilizing the third sector of the economy to fund the socio-economic development agenda. However, the…

Abstract

Purpose

The proponents of cash waqf speak highly about its huge potential for mobilizing the third sector of the economy to fund the socio-economic development agenda. However, the under-collection issue has been characterizing the cash waqf movement globally. This study aims to examine how understanding the distinct cash waqf donating behavior across different generations has the potential to address the problem.

Design/methodology/approach

This study extends the theory of planned behavior by adding religiosity and knowledge variables into the standard model, using the partial least square structural equation modeling. A survey is conducted on 684 respondents representing the main provinces in Indonesia and four major generations (Baby Boomers [BB], Generations X, Y and Z).

Findings

Religiosity, Knowledge, Attitude, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control directly or indirectly affect cash waqf intention. The effect is contingent on the characteristics of generations.

Research limitations/implications

This study covers only the Indonesian case with limited coverage of the more heterogeneous provinces in the country. The sample distribution for BB can also be enlarged.

Practical implications

Cash waqf institutions (government and private) should apply the dynamic segmenting strategy, where the diversification of the promotion, marketing, awareness and approaches are contingent on the different characteristics of each generation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the intergenerational determinants of Intention toward cash waqf, particularly in Indonesia.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

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