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READ a current Government publication, and you work study technicians can draw the inference that you are feared by managements of the Central Electricity Authority. Those managements have declined to apply work study technique because, the report says: “it is known that it will be difficult to deal with that redundancy when ascertained”. It goes on to say: “In consequence we find that work study, operational research and investigations into restrictive practices are undertaken without enthusiasm.”

This study aims to achieve superior localization and mapping performance in point cloud degradation scenarios through the effective removal of dynamic obstacles. With the continuous development of various technologies for autonomous vehicles, the LIDAR-based Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system is becoming increasingly important. However, in SLAM systems, effectively addressing the challenges of point cloud degradation scenarios is essential for accurate localization and mapping, with dynamic obstacle removal being a key component.

This paper proposes a method that combines adaptive feature extraction and loop closure detection algorithms to address this challenge. In the SLAM system, the ground point cloud and non-ground point cloud are separated to reduce the impact of noise. And based on the cylindrical projection image of the point cloud, the intensity features are adaptively extracted, the degradation direction is determined by the degradation factor and the intensity features are matched with the map to correct the degraded pose. Moreover, through the difference in raster distribution of the point clouds before and after two frames in the loop process, the dynamic point clouds are identified and removed, and the map is updated.

Experimental results show that the method has good performance. The absolute displacement accuracy of the laser odometer is improved by 27.1%, the relative displacement accuracy is improved by 33.5% and the relative angle accuracy is improved by 23.8% after using the adaptive intensity feature extraction method. The position error is reduced by 30% after removing the dynamic target.

Compared with LiDAR odometry and mapping algorithm, the method has greater robustness and accuracy in mapping and localization.

A survey of organization in all its manifestations, in the biological organism, in animal societies (so-called), in past and present human political society and in the various groupings of human beings inside of “society” for the infinite variety of purposes for which men form associations and act together – such a survey suggests that the forms of organization may be grouped under a few main types. The first is a rigid mechanical inter-connection, as in the case of the animal body. The material system of nerves and their end-organs is familiar to all students of physiology. Recent study has shown that there is another mechanism, probably prior to the nervous system and possibly even more important in many ways, for co-ordinating the activities of the parts of the animal body. That is the circulatory system with the chemical reagents secreted in small amounts by each part and carried to other parts to produce changes in them – “hormone” action. But we are not concerned with these devices further than to notice that both are purely mechanical, and that they are neither available nor desirable as means for the organization of society, and may accordingly be dismissed. We should observe, however, that the mechanical problems of intercommunication and inter-transportation are present in human society and the manner and degree of their solution strictly limit and condition the workings of any form of organization. The difference is that in human society co-operation is and must be a conscious, intelligent response on the part of the “member,” not an automatic reaction. (The amount of physical coercion not involving “choice” of some sort by the individual is quite negligible, even the so-called use of “force” is really a manipulation of alternatives of choice.)

Gives introductory remarks about chapter 1 of this group of 31 papers, from ISEF 1999 Proceedings, in the methodologies for field analysis, in the electromagnetic community. Observes that computer package implementation theory contributes to clarification. Discusses the areas covered by some of the papers ‐ such as artificial intelligence using fuzzy logic. Includes applications such as permanent magnets and looks at eddy current problems. States the finite element method is currently the most popular method used for field computation. Closes by pointing out the amalgam of topics.

Inventory carrying costs represent one of the highest costs of distribution. Although they are a necessary input to the design of logistical systems, such costs are ignored by many companies and when they are used usually represent estimates or industry benchmarks. The authors present a methodology designed to provide managers with a practical framework for determining the costs of carrying inventory.

Industrial chimneys are a great part of environmental protection in industrial countries. In recent years many of them have been used to carrying away very aggressive gases from boilers and flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) units below acid dew‐point temperature. It is opf very important to modernize the old stacks and protect them against corrosion. The proper anti‐corrosion protection of modern high stacks is also an important technical and economical problem. In this paper the mechanism of acid dew‐point corrosion, as well as construction of industrial chimneys, methods of their anti‐corrosion protection and modernisation are described.

The purpose of this paper is to establish a paint deposition pattern model applied to robotic air spray painting in order to achieve the accuracy and uniformity of paint film thickness on free‐form surface.

The paper opts for an exploratory study using the curvature circle method for air spray painting on free‐form surface to construct a spray gun model. First, a paint deposition pattern model of ellipse dual‐β distribution is fitted on the basic of experimental data from robotic air spray painting. Second, a spray gun model is proposed using the curvature circle method for air spray painting on free‐form surface. The theoretical result is coincident with the film thickness in verification experiment spraying a cylinder surface. The biggest error of the sample points between the theoretical and experimental results is less than 4 μm, thereby the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model is validated.

The paper provides a specific theoretical and methodological support for the realization of process planning and simulation system in surface spray manufacturing. It will make the future developed system meet the actual processing requirement. At the same time, it is more representative.

The paper finds an approach to solve paint deposition pattern model suitable to free‐form surface. The present method can be applied to the complex reality of topological relation for actual workpiece surface to be painted.

SYSTEMATIC experiments carried out by the Dornier‐Werke for several years (for the purpose of investigating flight properties and the quantities of importance for flight performance) included, during 1935, point‐to‐point measurement of the downwash field in front of the tail unit of the Do 17, using twin tube pressure recorders. These flight measurements showed that the stability components of the two halves of the tail plane are not the same on account of the different downwash components produced by rotation of the slipstream. The conclusion that the stability of the aeroplane could be raised by symmetrical arrangement of the airscrews, in accordance with the more favourable starboard side, was well founded, and it was soon recognized that this precaution, in conjunction with the other well‐known advantages of symmetrical direction of rotation of the engine units, is one of the most effective methods for improving the flying properties of two‐ and four‐engined aircraft. This knowledge, which in the meanwhile had been confirmed in various places by wind tunnel tests induced the Dornier‐Werke to generally introduce counterrotating power plants for twin‐engined aircraft.

We study a microfounded search model of exchange in the laboratory. Using a within-subjects design, we consider exchange behavior with and without an intrinsically worthless token object. While these tokens have no redemption value, like fiat money they may foster greater exchange and welfare via the coordinating role of having prices of goods in terms of tokens. We find that welfare is indeed improved by the presence of tokens provided that the economy starts out with a supply of such tokens. In economies that operate for some time without tokens, the later surprise introduction of tokens does not serve to improve welfare. We also explore the impact of announced changes in the economy-wide stock of tokens (fiat money) on prices. Consistent with the quantity theory of money, we find that increases in the stock of money (tokens) have no real effects and mainly result in proportionate changes to prices. However, the same finding does not hold for decreases in the stock of money.

Tourism and hospitality research is frequently cross language in nature; yet, English is the most used language to disseminate research findings. The use of thematic analysis is increasing; yet, critical discussions of the implications of the timing of translation when applying this method are rare. The purpose of this study is to present a model for bilingual researchers undertaking qualitative studies in their mother language who are reliant on their own language skills to translate and overcome language differences, and who are using thematic analysis.

Thematic analysis is a six-phase iterative analysis process during which the main themes are identified and a network of related themes is constructed to facilitate the interpretation of the material. The model is illustrated through reference to a research project carried out by the first author on the role and manifestation of intangible cultural heritage in tourism in protected areas in Iran.

The model introduces translation as an internal procedure within thematic analysis, situating it between the second and third phases when the codes are being consolidated into basic themes. Translation is viewed as a part of the iterative process of thematic analysis.

This model is the first to provide bilingual cross-language researchers with a practical and epistemologically, methodologically and ethically sound rationale for the timing of translation when using thematic analysis. While it was developed on a tourism case study, the authors believe it is applicable to research in other disciplines where cross-language qualitative analysis is used.