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Book part
Publication date: 24 May 2021

Alen Veljan

After more than three decades of research and legal cases pursued by the European Commission (EC) and national regulators, interchange fees for four-party consumer card

Abstract

After more than three decades of research and legal cases pursued by the European Commission (EC) and national regulators, interchange fees for four-party consumer card transactions are capped on December 9, 2015 across the European Union (EU). Since then, the development of card scheme fees has been a raising concern for merchants. Due to their nature, these fees have not been dealt with in research or covered by the Interchange Fee Regulation (IFR). This chapter aims to assess the recent development of card scheme fees within four-party card payment networks by relying on survey data obtained from 104 merchants across the EU. Findings show that for half of the merchant population card scheme fees have increased since the regulation. Further concerns related to transparency of fees, pass-through of savings to retailers and subsequently consumers, and the development of commercial cards are discussed. In light of the EC's scheduled review of the impacts of the policy intervention in 2019 (Article 17 of the IFR), this chapter evaluates alternative arrangements for the setting of card scheme fees with a focus on the legal basis for a potential regulation. Findings shall provide a ground for further interaction between academics, practitioners, and policymakers.

Details

The Law and Economics of Patent Damages, Antitrust, and Legal Process
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80071-024-5

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 September 2008

Rachel Hobbs and Jennifer Rowley

This research aims to explore the extent to which pub or bar discount cards that are distributed to students function as loyalty cards, or make a contribution to relationship…

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Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to explore the extent to which pub or bar discount cards that are distributed to students function as loyalty cards, or make a contribution to relationship building. The research also aims to make a contribution to the role of “instant discount” loyalty cards.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected on the design of the discount card schemes, their advantages and disadvantages from the customer and management perspective, the business motivations for introducing the scheme, the student motivations in purchasing the cards, and the impact of membership on profitability, popularity of venues, and repeat visits. Three main methods of data collection were used: questionnaires to collect a profile of customers' views; a focus group to gain a more in‐depth understanding of customer attitudes and behaviour; and, interviews with pub managers to understand the operation of the scheme and their perceptions of the impact of the scheme.

Findings

Pub discount cards do not generate either behavioural or attitudinal loyalty directly, but indirectly through the issue of a discount card, whose associated discounts cause a “flocking” behaviour through which the atmosphere in the pub is enhanced and its popularity and patronage are increased. The relationship between the customer and the pub is then mediated by customer‐to‐customer interactions and, thereby, in turn the discount cards “add value” for both customers and businesses.

Originality/value

This research makes a contribution to the use of discount/club cards in the hospitality sector, outside of the major schemes such as airline and hotel reward schemes. In addition, research into the use of these schemes provides a unique opportunity to understand the way in which the student demographic adopts and uses loyalty and discount cards.

Details

Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 25 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0736-3761

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1998

Steve Worthington

The context for this paper is the growth of the out‐of‐town superstore and the subsequent decline of the town centre. It examines the development of a town centre loyalty card

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Abstract

The context for this paper is the growth of the out‐of‐town superstore and the subsequent decline of the town centre. It examines the development of a town centre loyalty card programme in the town of Leominster and reports on both quantitative and qualitative research carried out to assess the results of this initiative and its prospects for the future. The paper comments on the criteria that other town centre loyalty cards must consider and discusses the options available for enhancement of loyalty cards in the light of technological developments and in the context of the role that they can play in the revitalisation of the town centre.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 26 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1999

Steve Worthington and Alan Hallsworth

Over the last five years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the genesis of what have come to be termed local loyalty cards. Researches the development of the pioneering…

4293

Abstract

Over the last five years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the genesis of what have come to be termed local loyalty cards. Researches the development of the pioneering card – based in Leominster, Herefordshire. This programme of research has led to contacts with a large number of such schemes in Britain – totalling over 60. With the creation of a database of these cards it has now become possible to produce a typology of local loyalty cards. Examines the motivation to adopt and, ultimately, the process whereby individual localities came to select a particular system from the increasing range of available card systems. Also illustrates the remarkable diversity in the nature and scope of such card schemes.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 27 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2001

John Byrom, Tony Hernández, David Bennison and Paul Hooper

Considers the potential that retail loyalty card schemes offer for a more informed understanding of consumer behaviour. With the widespread introduction of loyalty card schemes

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Abstract

Considers the potential that retail loyalty card schemes offer for a more informed understanding of consumer behaviour. With the widespread introduction of loyalty card schemes across the UK, Europe and North America, retailers now have the opportunity to link detailed shopping pattern information to the individual consumer. Data gathered from loyalty card transactions can be referenced to the address of the individual, and as such, can be considered to be a particular type of potential geographic information. Based on detailed semi‐structured interviews within five UK retail organisations that have implemented loyalty card schemes, the article shows the nature of data analysis and applications at present, with data being mostly utilised in direct marketing. It is argued that recognition of the geographic nature of loyalty card data is currently lacking amongst scheme operators, yet is vital if higher order functions are to be realised. To that end, the paper presents visual frameworks that position loyalty card data within the organisational hierarchy and highlight potential techniques and applications that can be achieved via loyalty card data analysis.

Details

Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 19 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-4503

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 2000

Alan G. Hallsworth and Steve Worthington

One important arena for the study of the impact of larger retailers is, in the UK, the market town. This paper shows how locational policies of larger retailers – akin to WalMart…

3212

Abstract

One important arena for the study of the impact of larger retailers is, in the UK, the market town. This paper shows how locational policies of larger retailers – akin to WalMart openings in the US Midwest – are affecting these traditional towns in rural areas. The paper takes a case study approach by examining the pioneering fightback using the local loyalty card first adopted by Leominster in Herefordshire. Through time it emerges that the community has not been able to sustain its trading opposition to a large format intruder. However, its successes are noted – and study is made of copycat schemes in the UK. A paradox emerges: the most cohesive smaller communities with many independent retailers lack the resources to maintain the fight. Larger settlements can and do support more viable card schemes: but these towns (and cities) having greater populations are themselves already dominated by larger retailers.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 28 no. 4/5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 2 November 2015

Michael Hölzl, Endalkachew Asnake, Rene Mayrhofer and Michael Roland

The purpose of this paper is to design, implement and evaluate the usage of the password-authenticated secure channel protocol SRP to protect the communication of a mobile…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design, implement and evaluate the usage of the password-authenticated secure channel protocol SRP to protect the communication of a mobile application to a Java Card applet. The usage of security and privacy sensitive systems on mobile devices, such as mobile banking, mobile credit cards, mobile ticketing or mobile digital identities has continuously risen in recent years. This development makes the protection of personal and security sensitive data on mobile devices more important than ever.

Design/methodology/approach

A common approach for the protection of sensitive data is to use additional hardware such as smart cards or secure elements. The communication between such dedicated hardware and back-end management systems uses strong cryptography. However, the data transfer between applications on the mobile device and so-called applets on the dedicated hardware is often either unencrypted (and interceptable by malicious software) or encrypted with static keys stored in applications.

Findings

To address this issue, this paper presents a solution for fine-grained secure application-to-applet communication based on Secure Remote Password (SRP-6a and SRP-5), an authenticated key agreement protocol, with a user-provided password at run-time.

Originality/value

By exploiting the Java Card cryptographic application programming interfaces (APIs) and minor adaptations to the protocol, which do not affect the security, the authors were able to implement this scheme on Java Cards with reasonable computation time.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

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Article
Publication date: 10 October 2008

Katherine J. Barker, Jackie D'Amato and Paul Sheridon

To make readers aware of the pervasiveness of credit card fraud and how it affects credit card companies, merchants and consumers.

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Abstract

Purpose

To make readers aware of the pervasiveness of credit card fraud and how it affects credit card companies, merchants and consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

A range of recent publications in journals and information from internet web sites provide corroboration and details of how fraudsters are using credit cards to steal billions of dollars each year. Numerous schemes and techniques are described in addition to recommendations as to how to help control this growing type of fraud.

Findings

Credit card fraud is a healthy and growing means of stealing billions of dollars from credit card companies, merchants and consumers. This paper offers current information to help understand the techniques used by fraudsters and how to avoid falling prey to them.

Research limitations/implications

This fraud relies on technology currently available and the easy ability to obtain machinery to steal individual identities and account information, and to produce fraudulent credit cards. Information cited is current but could change radically as technological breakthroughs occur. The changing nature of technology also affects the recommendations made to control this fraud.

Practical implications

A very useful source of current information on credit card fraud for bank, credit card companies, merchants, and consumers.

Originality/value

This paper provides specific current information and recommendations regarding a fraud topic that is of interest to a wide audience.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 11 October 2011

Hendi Yogi Prabowo

The purpose of this paper, which is based on author's PhD study, is to analyze the trends in credit card fraud prevention in the USA, the UK, Australia and Indonesia, particularly…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper, which is based on author's PhD study, is to analyze the trends in credit card fraud prevention in the USA, the UK, Australia and Indonesia, particularly over the period 2003‐2007, with special focus on the fraud prevention practices in the payments systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses primary and secondary data particularly from the payments systems of the USA, the UK, Australia and Indonesia to conduct historical and benchmarking analyses to highlight the trends in credit card fraud prevention in the four countries.

Findings

The study establishes that a common approach in preventing credit card fraud is reducing offenders' opportunities to commit their offences, which often require significant amount of resources and thus sound strategy needs to be properly formulated and executed. Referring primarily to the practices in the USA, the UK, Australia and Indonesia, resources are mainly allocated to six key areas of fraud prevention: understanding of the real problems, fraud prevention policy, fraud awareness, technology‐based protection, identity management and legal deterrence. These are supported in principle by four main groups in a payments system: user, institution, network and government and industry.

Originality/value

The paper provides insights into the nature of credit card fraud, as well as a framework for designing a sound credit card fraud prevention strategy in a country's payments system.

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1999

D.A. Reisman

Thailand, like a number of other less‐developed countries, has experienced a rapid rise in the share of its national product that is being devoted to health. This paper examines…

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Abstract

Thailand, like a number of other less‐developed countries, has experienced a rapid rise in the share of its national product that is being devoted to health. This paper examines the ways in which the country is paying for its preventive and curative care. Section 1 provides the context by discussing age‐structure and geographical distribution of the population, together with the rates of mortality and morbidity. Section 2 explores the delivery of medical attention, private and State. Section 3 evaluates seven ways in which medical care is financed in Thailand. It also makes recommendations for the future of social insurance which are of relevance both to Thailand and to other countries at a similar stage of economic development.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 26 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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