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The purpose of this paper is to model the particle capture of elliptic magnetic matrices for parallel stream type high magnetic separation, which can be a guidance for the development of novel elliptic cylinder matrices for high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS).

The magnetic field distribution around the elliptic matrices is investigated quantitatively and the magnetic field and gradient were calculated. The motion equations of the magnetic particles around the matrices were derived and the particle capture cross-section of elliptic matrices was studied and was compared with that of the conventional circular matrices.

Elliptic matrices can present larger particle capture cross-section than the conventional circular matrices and can be a kind of promising matrices to be applied to HGMS.

There is little literature investigating the magnetic characteristics and the particle capture of the elliptic matrices in HGMS, the study is of great significance for the development of novel elliptic magnetic matrices in HGMS.

This paper aims to study the cross section of expected returns on Shari’ah-compliant stocks in Pakistan by using single- and multi-factor asset pricing models.

To estimate cross section of expected returns of Shari’ah-compliant stocks, the study uses capital asset pricing model (CAPM), Fama-French three-factor model and Fama-French five-factor model. Data for the period 2001-2015 on 217 companies are used. For the market portfolio, PSX-100 and Dow Jones Islamic Index for Pakistan are used.

The study could not find empirical support for CAPM using Lintner (1965), Black et al. (1972) and Fama and Macbeth (1973) approach. Nonetheless, the relation between beta and returns is positive in up-market and negative in down-market. The results of Fama-French three-factor and five-factor models suggest that size premium is positive and significant for explaining the cross section of stock returns of small size stocks, whereas value premium is positive and significant for explaining the cross section of returns of high value stocks.

The results suggest that fund managers can use Shari’ah-compliant stocks for portfolio diversification and for offering specialized investments given the positive market excess returns and the existence of size and value premium on Shari’ah-compliant stocks.

This is the first study on Fama-French (2015) five-factor model for Islamic capital markets in Pakistan.

As the physical dimensions of the devices are reduced to the submicrometer regime, the hot‐carrier reliability has become an important issue in the scaling of the p‐MOSFET as well as the n‐MOSFET. In this paper, we present a unified approach for p‐MOSFET degradation due to the trapping of the hot electrons in the gate oxide layers. A physical analytical model, based on the pseudo two‐dimensional model, is derived for the first time to describe the linear and saturation drain current degradation. The model has been verified by comparing the calculation and the measurement from submicron p‐MOSFET's with different channel lengths and oxide thickness. There are no empirical parameters in the model. Two physical parameters: the capture cross section and the density of states of electron traps, which can be determined independently from the measured degradation characteristics, are valid for both the linear current and the saturation current degradation. The simple expression is very suitable for the predicting of the circuit reliability.

Empirical accounting research frequently makes use of data sets with a time‐series and a cross‐sectional dimension ‐ a panel of data. The literature review indicates that South African researchers infrequently allow for heterogeneity between firms when using panel data and the empirical example shows that regression results that allow for firm heterogeneity are materially different from regression results that assume homogeneity among firms. The econometric analysis of panel data has advanced significantly in recent years and accounting researchers should benefit from those improvements.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of leverage mimicking factor portfolios in explaining stock return variations. This paper broadens the focus of the current asset pricing literature by forming portfolios mimicking the leverage factor.

Following Fama and French's and Carhart's procedure in forming size, book‐to‐market and momentum mimicking portfolios, the authors of this paper form leverage mimicking factor portfolios to explain stock returns. A five factor model is constructed that explains the variations in stock returns better relative to the other asset pricing models including the Fama‐French‐Carhart four factor model.

The findings indicate that the leverage mimicking portfolio helps to explain stock return variations better relative to the other asset pricing models including the Fama‐French‐Carhart four factor model. Results are robust to other risk factors.

The results lead us to explore further avenues in using other risk factors in asset pricing such as future work to consider other cross‐sectional attributes such as the stochastic behaviour of earnings or profitability that might also produce common variation in stock returns. There may be other risk factors that carry a premium and thus can be used for asset pricing.

The paper's findings are important in fund management when selecting or evaluating portfolio performance. The authors introduce an additional factor that has a sound theoretical appeal and show that leverage mimicking factor portfolios provide additional information in pricing assets, both in the cross section of all shares and in different sectors.

To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first study of the effect of leverage mimicking factor portfolios in explaining stock return variations.

This study aims to understand and document the impact of market-based – market returns and momentum – as well as firm-specific – size, book-to-market (B/M) ratio, price-to-earnings ratio (PER) and cash flow (CF) – factors on pricing of Shari’ah-compliant securities as explanation of variations in stock returns in an emerging market – Pakistan’s Karachi Stock Exchange.

Initially, the authors test Fama and French (FF) three-factor model – market risk premium, size and B/M – followed by modified FF model by including additional risk factors (PER, CF and momentum) over a 10-year period (2001-2010).

Our results support superiority of FF three-factor model over single-factor capital asset pricing model. However, addition of further risk factors – including PER, CF and momentum – improves explanatory power of the model, as well as refines the selection of risk factors. In this study, CF, B/M and momentum factors remain insignificant. Traditional B/M factor in FF model is replaced by PER.

Based on the modified FF model, the authors propose a stock valuation model for Shari’ah-compliant securities consisting of three factors: market returns, size and earnings, which explains 76per cent variations in cross sectional stock returns.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study (which combines market-based as well as fundamental factors) on pricing of Islamic securities and identification of risk factors in an emerging market – Karachi Stock Exchange.

In this paper we consider the effects of recombination during polarization on passing a current through SiN4 and SiO2. In the literature, some works have been devoted to the problem of the passage of a current through MNOS‐structures. However, these studies related mainly to monopolar injection or bipolar injection but ignored recombination.

The present experiments are intended to help characterize defects in very thin MOS oxide and at its Si/SiO₂ interface using a temperature‐dependent electrical characterization method, high low temperature capacitance voltage method and, especially, to investigate high temperature range. Oxide‐fixed traps are differentiated from slow‐state traps and from fast‐state traps by evaluating their electrical behaviour at different temperatures. The analysis points out the excess current after Fowler Nordheim electron injection based on hole generation, trapping, and hopping transport at high temperatures. The defect relaxation property versus temperature is investigated and defect relaxation activation energies are calculated. Creation mechanisms of interface states are especially identified by injection at different temperatures and these are compared with the other two kinds of defects. Fast‐state traps and all defect cross‐sections are calculated along and their creation activation energies are determined from Arrhenius plots.

The study examines the cross-sectional and asymmetric relationship of investor sentiment with the stock returns and volatility in India.

The investor sentiment is captured using a market-based measure Market Mood Index (MMI) and a survey-based measure Consumer Sentiment Index (CSI). The asymmetric effect of the relationship is examined using quantile causality approach and cross-sectional effect is examined by considering indices such as the BSE Sensex, and the various size indices such as BSE Large cap, BSE Mid cap and BSE Small cap.

The result of the study found that investor sentiment (MMI) cause stock returns at extreme quantiles. Lower sentiment induces fear-induced selling, thereby lowers the returns and high sentiment is followed by lower future returns as market reverts to fundamentals. On the other hand, bullish shifts in sentiment lower the volatility. There exists a positive feedback effect of stock return and volatility in the formation of investor sentiment.

The study captures both asymmetric and cross-sectional relationship of investor sentiment and stock market in an emerging economy, India. The study uses a novel data set (i.e.) MMI which captures the sentiment based on market indicators and are widely disseminated to the public.

This study aims to investigate Muslims’ online infaq intention during COVID-19 deadly outbreak. This study examined the model comprising two major theories, namely, the theory of reasoned action (TRA) with additional Muslim intrinsic religiosity and social presence theory (SPT).

A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach is used to test the measurement and structural model. In the structural model, SEM is chosen due to its effectivity in estimating direct and indirect effects in a single model. An online questionnaire is distributed to respondents who are purposively selected all over Indonesia regions comprising all major islands. In total, there are 571 respondents collected; however, only 560 of them are usable.

This study shows that all hypotheses generated from the TRA and SPT significantly affect online infaq intention. Surprisingly, Muslim intrinsic religiosity does not affect both attitude toward online infaq and online infaq intention. To further explain the result, a post hoc analysis is conducted. Accordingly, it is found that Muslim intrinsic religiosity has an indirect significant effect on online infaq intention through social presence.

This study has several limitations. First, even though the sample already represented all parts of Indonesia, the sample is distributed mainly to those live in Java Island. Second, due to its difficulty in pursuing proportional distribution of the sample, the results are more subjective to more dominant respondent demographics. Third, this study captures cross-sectioned phenomena of an online infaq intention during COVID-19 pandemic. Fourth, as the topic of this study is concerned about Islamic charity, the Qur’an- and sunnah-based research framework will make this study more valuable. However, such a framework has not been widely developed.

This study provides a managerial implication for online infaq fundraisers in Indonesia, in which trustworthiness and “social touch” are important to drive the Muslims in making a monetary donation. The online infaq can be an efficient Islamic philanthropic tool to solve social problems during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, the central authority should encourage profit and non-profit social organizations in Indonesia to make a strategic collaboration in providing online infaq service and its distribution. Collaboration may increase perceived trust and social presence.

Due to a limited study on the topic of online infaq behavioral intention during COVID-19 situation, therefore, this study provides added value to the literature by examining factors determining online infaq intention during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study combines the extended TRA and SPT in a single model.