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1 – 10 of over 445000This study provides a comprehensive framework of adaptation in triadic business relationship settings in the service sector. The framework is based on the industrial network…
Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive framework of adaptation in triadic business relationship settings in the service sector. The framework is based on the industrial network approach (see, e.g., Axelsson & Easton, 1992; Håkansson & Snehota, 1995a). The study describes how adaptations initiate, how they progress, and what the outcomes of these adaptations are. Furthermore, the framework takes into account how adaptations spread in triadic relationship settings. The empirical context is corporate travel management, which is a chain of activities where an industrial enterprise, and its preferred travel agency and service supplier partners combine their resources. The scientific philosophy, on which the knowledge creation is based, is realist ontology. Epistemologically, the study relies on constructionist processes and interpretation. Case studies with in-depth interviews are the main source of data.
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One of the most satisfactory methods of preserving foods for long periods is the process of canning, in which the food is sealed into a container and then sterilised by heat…
Abstract
One of the most satisfactory methods of preserving foods for long periods is the process of canning, in which the food is sealed into a container and then sterilised by heat. Modern canning lines are capable of handling up to 2000 cans per minute, but the geometry of the can and the low thermal conductivity of food place constraints on the maximum heating temperature and type of food that can be canned. ‘Aseptic’ canning processes overcome these constraints by sterilising food in specially designed heat exchangers before it is filled into sterile cans. Such processes allow high sterilising temperatures to be used, resulting in improved product quality.
New developments in any activity are best seen in the context of what went before; it is also useful to find the reasons leading to innovation since these may also point the way…
Abstract
New developments in any activity are best seen in the context of what went before; it is also useful to find the reasons leading to innovation since these may also point the way to future developments. The present state of canning technology may be looked at in this way. Why do we eat canned foods? There must be important reasons, since the average person in the United Kingdom (man, woman, child) consumes the contents of over 100 cans each year. The simplest of course is that our increasingly urbanised population has no option but to eat preserved foods to keep alive and canning is one of the most efficient methods of food preservation. But it is obviously not merely the provision of nutritious, safe preserved foods that has caused the tremendous growth in the canning industry — although without these features it could not have happened. The main reasons lie in the variety and convenience provided by canned foods. Not only has the industry made our own fruits and vegetables available evenly throughout the year, without reference to their season, but foods harvested in distant lands are made equally accessible. Apart from the variety added to the diet in this way, the convenience of having food prepared ready to eat becomes steadily more important as housewives have, or are prepared to spend, less time in the kitchen and while caterers find labour hard to get. Increasingly we look to the food manufacturer to invest the time and labour of preparing and cooking and to employ skilled chefs for blending ingredients so that our twin objectives of variety and convenience are met by the foods we buy, soups, patés and ready meals, for example. In addition, canned foods are offered at a price which is competitive with fresh and other preserved foods. If we look more closely at what has been said it is evident that quality, convenience and price should be the spurs to developing technology. They should also be the yardsticks against which we measure its success.
In Norway, aluminium cans made from anodised and lacquered strip have been used for several years for food products which are comparatively neutral and not very corrosive, such as…
Abstract
In Norway, aluminium cans made from anodised and lacquered strip have been used for several years for food products which are comparatively neutral and not very corrosive, such as herring and bristling in oil, kippers, fish balls, etc. They have not, so far, been used for more aggressive products by the Norwegian canning industry because lack of certainty of the behaviour of aluminium in these conditions has militated against approval by the necessary authorities, i.e. the Hermetikkindustriens Laboratorium and Hermetikkindustriens Kontrollinstitutt (the Norwegian Canning Industry Research Laboratory and the Official Quality Control Institute for Fish Products). However, recent investigations show that anodised and lacquered aluminium may have considerable importance in the future as materials for canning aggressive fish foods.
Fernando González Laxe, Federico Martín Palmero and Domingo Calvo Dopico
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact that the free trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and Chile and its resulting dismantling of tariffs has had on the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact that the free trade agreement between the European Union (EU) and Chile and its resulting dismantling of tariffs has had on the mussel cultivation industry, particularly in Galicia. Specifically, the authors examine how trade liberalisation has affected the mussel farming industry.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors aim to observe the general panorama of both the evolution of production, distinguishing between fresh and industrial usage, and the evolution of prices at source depending on destination (fresh or industrial in the period 2003-2012). In order to analyse the relationships between different agents of the value chain, Porter’s model has been used as a reference.
Findings
There is a loss of competitiveness in the mussel farming-production sector following the liberalisation agreement of 2006 and huge bargaining power of the processing sector vs the production sector.
Practical implications
There is an opportunity to implement traceability programmes and develop a more differentiated product. In addition, it is profitable to promote Galician mussels through generic advertising and promoting exports.
Originality/value
There is a lack of empirical studies about the impact that the new free trade agreement between the EU and Chile has had on the Spanish mussel industry. Particularly, the study analyses economic repercussions, managerial implications and new challenges stemming from the new context of trade liberalisation.
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Joseph Siu-Lung Kong, Ron Chi-Wai Kwok, Gabriel Chun-Hei Lai and Monica Law
Research on knowledge creation within eSports learning is scarce. This study extends the understanding of competition-oriented collaborative learning in eSports by examining the…
Abstract
Purpose
Research on knowledge creation within eSports learning is scarce. This study extends the understanding of competition-oriented collaborative learning in eSports by examining the relationship between the dynamics of knowledge creation modes and the continuum of the motivational profile, along with the moderating effects of mutualistic co-presence therein.
Design/methodology/approach
Participants were recruited from the community of massively multiplayer online gamers (MMOGs). Through a quantitative survey, their motivations (i.e. self-extrinsic, self-intrinsic, peer-extrinsic and peer-intrinsic motivations), knowledge creation involvements (i.e. internalization, externalization, combination and socialization) and perception of mutualistic benefit of self and peers were captured for hypothesis testing.
Findings
Significant and positive direct relationships were observed between four motivations and four knowledge creation modes. The mutualistic co-presence positively moderated the positive relationship between the self-extrinsic, peer-extrinsic and peer-intrinsic motivations and socialization. When mutualistic self-benefit were outweighed, peer-extrinsic motivated gamers became less likely to perform internalization, whereas self-extrinsic and peer-extrinsic motivated gamers were less likely to perform combination.
Originality/value
This study is among the first to rationalize the relationship between motivational profile and the dynamics of knowledge creation in eSports learning. The conceptualization of the new construct – mutualistic co-presence – using the ecological concept of symbiosis is uncommon in prior literature. The findings also demonstrate that the four modes of knowledge creation in eSports learning are continuous and interwoven; they can be initiated at any point and do not necessarily occur in a specific sequence.
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The following definitions and standards for food products have been adopted as a guide for the officials of this Department in enforcing the Food and Drugs Act. These are…
Abstract
The following definitions and standards for food products have been adopted as a guide for the officials of this Department in enforcing the Food and Drugs Act. These are standards of identity and are not to be confused with standards of quality or grade; they are so framed as to exclude substances not mentioned in the definition and in each instance imply that the product is clean and sound. These definitions and standards include those published in S. R. A., F. D. 2, revision 4, and those adopted October 28, 1936.
In pre‐war Russia the canning industry would seem to have been limited to the preparation of canned meat—beef—for army purposes. The average annual output in round figures was…
Abstract
In pre‐war Russia the canning industry would seem to have been limited to the preparation of canned meat—beef—for army purposes. The average annual output in round figures was 47,500 tons according to K. I. Rubinstein—who last year published a monograph on the canning industry as conducted in Russia—which is equivalent to about 120 millions of standard cans with a nett content of 400 grams each. The demands of the war caused this output to be raised to 150 million cans. Some of the then existing packing centres were at that time moved so as to be nearer to the supply of raw material. Thus new canning centres were opened at Rastov and Stavropol in substitution for some already existing at Petrograd, Moscow, and Kamenetz‐Podolsk.