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The purpose of this study is to improve the position and posture accuracy of posture alignment mechanism. The automatic drilling and riveting machine is an important equipment for aircraft assembly. The alignment accuracy of position and posture of the bracket type posture alignment mechanism has a great influence on the operation effect of the machine. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the kinematic calibration.

Based on analysis of elastic deformation of the bracket and geometric errors of the posture alignment mechanism, an improved method of kinematic calibration was proposed. The position and posture errors of bracket caused by geometric errors were separated from those caused by gravity. The method of reduction of dimensions was applied to deal with the error coefficient matrix in error identification, and it did not change the coefficient of the error terms. The target position and its posture were corrected to improve the error compensation accuracy. Furthermore, numerical simulation and experimental verification were carried out.

The simulation and experimental results show that considering the influence of the elastic deformation of the bracket on the calibration effect, the error identification accuracy and compensation accuracy can be improved. The maximum value of position error is reduced from 5.33 mm to 1.60 × 10⁻¹ mm and the maximum value of posture error is reduced from 1.07 × 10⁻³ rad to 6.02 × 10⁻⁴ rad, which is superior to the accuracy without considering the gravity factor.

This paper presents a calibration method considering the effects of geometric errors and gravity. By separating position and posture errors caused by different factors and correcting the target position and its posture, the results of the calibration method are greatly improved. The proposed method might be applied to any parallel mechanism based on the positioner.

Since 2015, China has made efforts to reform its intellectual property rights (IPR) system to better protect and stimulate innovation. These reforms are a result of the demand for more stringent intellectual property (IP) protection from China’s domestic, innovative industries and a measure to ease the pressure exerted by its foreign trading partners, particularly against the background of the US-China trade dispute that started at the beginning of 2018. This paper summarizes these reforms and their implications.

This paper combines a variety of sources, including academic articles, government websites, news reports, industry surveys and expert opinions, to offer insights in China’s IPR system and its recent reforms.

This paper summarizes and discusses (1) the state’s law amendments, including the 2015 amendment of the “Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements”, the second amendment of the “Anti-Unfair Competition Law” with regard to trade secret protection, the fourth amendment of the “Patent Law”, and the legislations and regulations addressing the criticisms of the US administration over China’s so-called “forced” technology transfer policies; (2) the establishment of the specialized IP courts and tribunals since 2014; (3) the restructuring of the State IP Office; and (4) the issuing of an “Outline for Building an IPR Powerhouse (2021–2035)”.

This paper highlights China’s efforts to make its IPR system stronger and more just. It also discusses international observers’ reactions and pinpoints specific areas for further improvement.

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the method developed by previous researchers. In addition to using the combined interference matrix, the combined connection matrix and the combined contact matrix of product components, the disassembly sequence matrix and the combined instability matrix with platform to evaluate instability of sub‐assemblies are built, and effects of changes of sub‐assembly disassembly directions or tools and the effect of gravity are considered to obtain the best disassembly sequence for a product with many components. A computer program is generated and results of two cases are compared with those of the available studies.

The methodology includes the combined interference matrix, the combined contact matrix and the combined connection matrix of components for a product. The combined instability matrix of sub‐assemblies, changes of sub‐assembly disassembly direction or tools, and the effect of gravity during operation are considered. The binary number system is used to simplify relations among components of a product.

This methodology enhances the existing method and software is generated. Results of two cases are compared and show the same optimum disassembly processes as those obtained from other researchers.

All matrices are defined by the directions of x, y and z with three axes perpendicular to each other. The computer program generated cannot be used for a product with components that must be disassembled in the directions different from the axes.

Two cases are used to investigate feasibility of the proposed methodology with the computer program generated. The first one is an electric drill, and the second one is a flash lighter.

The methodology described in this paper is feasible for study of disassembly processes of products. The software generated can be used to obtain the optimum disassembly process of products.

Firms aiming to enhance firm performance require specific investment and qualification of capability. However, the relationship between these factors and firm performance is influenced by boundary conditions. This study focuses on the role of shared values as a governance mechanism in moderating the relationship between specific investment, qualification of capability, and firm performance.

Drawing on transaction cost analysis, the authors develop a theoretical model to explore how shared values moderate the relationship between specific investment, qualification of capability, and firm performance. The authors collected data from 156 firms in Cote d’Ivoire, resulting in a sample of 216 observations. The authors employed hierarchical regression analysis and the “pick-a-point approach” to examine how specific investment and qualification of capability impact firm performance at different levels of shared values.

The results indicate that specific investment and qualification of capability have a partially positive impact on firm performance. Interestingly, shared values are an important moderating variable, acting as a boundary condition that affects the relationship between specific investment, qualification of capability, and firm performance. Specifically, specific investment leads to excellent firm performance only when shared values are not sufficiently high, whereas qualification of capability leads to superior firm performance only when shared values are sufficiently high.

This study has three research implications. First, this study enriches TCA literature by identifying shared values as a boundary condition and examining the moderating role of shared values. Second, the study findings discover new insights into how specific investment and qualification of capability enhance or inhabit organizational performance at different levels of shared values. Third, this study extends the existing research and reveals the specific conditions for positive or negative relationships between specific investment and organizational performance and qualification of capability and organizational performance.

First, compared to specific investment, qualification of capability has greater effect on organizational performance. Second, when considering whether to increase specific investment or/and improve qualification of capability, executives are encouraged to first evaluate their firm's level of shared values and then make appropriate strategic decision accordingly. Third, six tactics are recommended for enhancing shared values.

This study enriches the literature on transaction cost analysis and contributes to understanding the moderating role of shared values. The findings shed light on the specific investment, qualification of capability, and firm performance relationships. Additionally, this research highlights the importance of considering shared values as a boundary condition in examining these relationships.

This paper studies the empirical application of an asset pricing model derived from the irrational individual behavior of loss aversion. Previous research using loss aversion asset pricing finds conclusive evidence that estimations match market equity premium and volatility using simulation data. We find that within its empirical application, the estimated errors are comparable to errors estimated from the capital asset pricing model. This study of the correlations between rational and irrational asset pricing model from the empirical results finds validity for both estimated values. Finally, we see the importance of cultures, economic development and financial development on asset pricing through an empirical examination of five pacific-basin countries in the estimation of asset pricing models.

This paper aims to present a review on utilizing shape memory technology (SMT) for active assembly/disassembly, i.e. assembly/disassembly without physically touching.

The fundamentals behind the shape memory effect (SME) in materials, in particular shape memory alloys (SMAs) and polymers, which are the cornerstones of SMT, are introduced, together with the possible approaches to implement this effect in active assembly/disassembly. Example applications for not only active assembly/ disassembly, but also programmed active disassembly are presented.

The advantages of utilizing SMT over conventional assembly/disassembly techniques are identified.

The paper introduces the fundamentals behind the SME and the basic approaches to implement the SMT in not only active assembly/disassembly, but also programmed active assembly.

This paper examines how mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) learn to enact equitable mathematics instruction using technology through lesson study (LS).

A LS team with three MTEs conducted three iterations of LS on teaching the Pythagorean Theorem in an in-person, technology-mediated environment. Many forms of data were collected: Desmos activities, videos of research lessons (RLs), videos of MTE RL debriefings, artifacts of student learning in the Desmos Dashboard, and MTEs' written self-reflection. The authors investigate the teacher educators' learning through LS by analyzing the MTE debriefings of the RLs using Bannister’s (2015) framework for teacher learning in communities of practice.

The MTEs learned to enact equitable mathematics instruction using technology through addressing emerging issues related to intellectual authority and use of student thinking. Throughout the LS, the MTEs sought ways of promoting students' mathematical authority and using student thinking through features of the Desmos platform.

This study focuses on MTEs' learning without examining participating preservice teachers' learning. It demonstrates the benefits of LS for MTEs' professional learning.

This study showcases how a research-based Desmos activity is used and refined to promote MTE learning how to implement equitable mathematics instruction.

The study contributes to better understanding of how LS could be used to develop MTEs' professional learning. Moreover, the dual process of participation and reification was concretized through diagnostic and prognostic frames in the LS context, which enriches the concept of community of practice.

This study aims to use emotions-as-social information theory to investigate how physical (customer perceived store atmosphere) and social servicescapes (customer information searching) influence the effects of employees’ positive affective displays on customer outcomes via customer positive moods and positive expectation disconfirmation.

This research included two studies, each using a distinct research design, to empirically test the proposed model. Study 1 involved 200 observational data points on objective purchase amounts from designer watch shops. In Study 2, data were collected from 230 customers in designer jewelry stores.

The results of path analyses revealed that: employee positive affective displays are positively associated with customer purchase outcomes; employee positive affective displays had positive indirect effects on customer purchase outcomes by enhancing customer positive moods and positive expectation disconfirmation; these positive indirect effects were strengthened when customers engaged in information search behaviors; and these positive indirect effects were attenuated when customers perceive store atmosphere as favorable, indicating a substitution effect of customer perceived store atmosphere.

Previous research has not thoroughly examined the role of the servicescape in moderating the effects of employees’ positive affective displays on customer purchase outcomes. This present study not only clarified the affective and cognitive mechanisms that link employees’ positive affective displays on purchase outcomes but also identified servicescape as a critical boundary condition of these effects.

This study aims to identify how perceived destination social responsibility (DSR) drives destination brand loyalty through a jointly and independently mediated mechanism of cognitive and affective components (e.g. tourist-destination identification, cognitive image, affective image and tourist satisfaction) and to examine the moderating role of individual-level collectivist values in linking perceived DSR and tourist behaviors.

An online survey is conducted to collect the data of 351 domestic tourists visiting an urban tourism destination (e.g. Danang City) in Vietnam. A serial multiple mediation model and moderation model were examined by applying covariance-based structural equation modeling.

This research’s results highlight the leading factors of perceived DSR in the process of forming destination brand loyalty and confirm the vital role of the intermediary mechanism of tourists' cognition and affect during this process. The chain of causal relationships DSR → TDI → CI → AI → TS → DBL confirms the role of perceived DSR as an essential prerequisite factor of DBL, creating a close connection to tourists' cognition and affect and contributing to improving destination brand loyalty. Individual-level collectivist values were found to positively moderate the links between perceived DSR and tourist-destination identification, affective image and destination brand loyalty.

Future research would provide insights into the links between perceived DSR and tourist behaviors by considering moderating variables (e.g. cultural distance and tourist types) and uncovering specific insights into each destination stakeholder's DSR activities.

A new integrated model of destination brand loyalty development is proposed to explore a new path for destination brand loyalty formation through cognitive, affective and cognitive-affective pathways. This moderating stream of examining individual-level collectivist values can make a significant contribution to the extant tourism literature by promoting a more positive tourist perception of DSR, thereby increasing tourists' knowledge, beliefs and emotions and enhancing destination brand loyalty.