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Summarises the environmental cadmium loading, human body cadmium (Cd) burden and the biological indicators of the early‐stage health effects induced by exposure to cadmium on the population of Daye county in China. Claims that urinary calcium and urinary low molecular weight protein are good biological indicators for the detection of the early‐stage renal dysfunction and recommend that the prevention and treatment of cadmium pollution be incorporated into primary health care. Cost‐benefit analysis of reduction of Cd emissions from the non‐ferrous smelter in Daye county indicates that the benefit‐cost ratio taking into account both direct health costs and indirect costs is far in excess of unity.

The purpose of this paper is to determine arsenic, cadmium and lead contents of rice imports and to estimate their impact on these heavy metal intakes in Qatar.

In total, 30 rice samples imported from various countries (Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, the USA, Australia, the UK and Lebanon) were analyzed for arsenic, cadmium and lead contents with plasma optical spectrometer. These heavy metal intakes from rice were estimated for Qatar population based on the per capita consumption of rice as per 2018 rice consumption data.

In all rice samples, mean concentrations of arsenic, cadmium and lead were 1.11 mg/kg, 19.7 µg/kg and 131.3 µg/kg, respectively. Average arsenic, cadmium and lead contents were the highest in rice imported from Thailand (1.25 mg/kg), Vietnam (30 µg/kg) and India (178.3 µg/kg), respectively. Estimated arsenic, cadmium and lead intakes through rice consumption by Qatari population were 225.7, 4 and 26.7 µg/day, respectively.

In all rice imports, arsenic content is approximately 5.5 times higher than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), whereas the cadmium and lead levels are within the MAC. Because these heavy metals are linked to health, all Middle Eastern countries that import rice from Thailand, Vietnam and India should monitor the metal contents in their food supply on a regular basis.

The wide use of cadmium sulphide pigments and lithopones today brings to mind two anniversaries in the history of the element. 200 years ago Friedrich Strohmeyer who discovered a new element imparting a yellow to orange tint to some zinc carbonate used in preparing pharmaceutical zinc oxide was born. Then 100 years ago cadmium compounds became prominent in artists colours, an application preceding the role of cadmium in electroplating and in bearing alloys. Strohmeyer's researches not only formed a prelude to cadmium being a close associate of zinc, with the element extracted from zinc dust concentrates and not from the rare mineral Greenockite, a natural sulphide. But also his work proved the true nature of a yellow impurity in pharmaceutical zinc preparations, one far more significant than concluding that arsenic or lead was present.

Evaluation of the effect of yoghurts enriched with a complex of vegetable additives on the state of the antioxidant defense system, the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in rats exposed to toxic seeds with cadmium chloride. The purpose of this paper is evaluation of the effect of yoghurts enriched with a complex of vegetable additives on the state of the antioxidant defense system, the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in rats exposed to toxic cadmium chloride.

The studies were carried out on 72 male rats (Wistar), divided into six groups (n = 12): control, model of cadmium intoxication and receiving the developed dairy product, enriched with appropriate biologically active supplements (rosehip, rowan and hawthorn berries syrup and grape peel extract [rich in resveratrol]). Biochemical parameters of blood, homogenates of the liver and kidneys were analyzed.

The intensity of lipid peroxidation processes (in the liver, kidneys and erythrocytes) decreased in the group receiving dairy products enriched with berry syrups and grape peel extract (rich in resveratrol). The activity of catalase, total antioxidant activity and superoxide dismutase increased. In the groups receiving dairy products enriched with berry syrups, the total protein level in the blood increased, compared with Group 2. The content of triglycerides and cholesterol levels in groups receiving dairy products decreased significantly compared to animals intoxicated with cadmium chloride.

The topic of cadmium’s toxic effects on human and animal health and methods for solving this problem is very relevant.

The novelty addressed here is undertaken by using tailor-made and fully characterized starch nanoparticles (SNPs) having a particle size ranging from 80 to 100 nm with a larger surface area, biodegradability and high reactivity as a starting substrate for cadmium ions and basic dye removal from wastewater effluent. This was done via carboxylation of SNPs with citric acid via esterification reaction using the dry preparation technique, in which a simple, energy-safe and sustainable process concerning a small amount of water, energy and toxic chemicals was used. The obtained adsorbent is designated as cross-linked esterified starch nanoparticles (CESNPs).

The batch technique was used to determine the CESNPs adsorption capacity, whereas atomic adsorption spectrometry was used to determine the residual cadmium ions concentration in the filtrate before and after adsorption. Different factors affecting adsorption were examined concerning pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and degree of carboxylation. Besides, to validate the esterification reaction and existence of carboxylic groups in the adsorbent, CESNPs were characterized metrologically via analytical tools for carboxyl content estimation and instrumental tools using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological analysis.

The overall adsorption potential of CESNPs was found to be 136 mg/g when a 0.1 g adsorbent dose having 190.8 meq/100 g sample carboxyl content at pH 5 for 60 min contact time was used. Besides, increasing the degree of carboxylation of the CESNPs expressed as carboxyl content would lead to the higher adsorption capacity of cadmium ions. FTIR spectroscopy analysis elucidates the esterification reaction with the appearance of a new intense peak C=O ester at 1,700 cm⁻¹, whereas SEM observations reveal some atomic/molecules disorder after esterification.

The innovation addressed here is undertaken by studying the consequence of altering the extent of carboxylation reaction expressed as carboxyl contents on the prepared CESNPs via a simple dry technique with a small amount of water, energy and toxic chemicals that were used as a sustainable bio nano polymer for cadmium ions and basic dye removal from wastewater effluent in comparison with other counterparts published in the literature.

The goal of this paper is to model the activated carbon adsorption capacity of cadmium using a polynomial regression model. The properties that influence the removal of heavy metals by activated carbon must be taken into consideration in order to synthesize materials specific to the characteristics of the pollutant.

Multivariable analysis applications allow a comprehensive description of the relationship between activated carbon surface properties and heavy metal adsorption.

The authors use a second-grade polynomial regression model to determine the influence of porosity and surface acidity in cadmium adsorption by activated carbon.

The authors propose a statistic analysis to correlate the carbon properties with its cadmium adsorption capacity. Model coefficient analysis will give a better comprehension of the influence of activated carbon porosity and surface acidity of cadmium removal.

Presents the principles of analytical methods, environmental monitoring, biological monitoring and direct human exposure assessment of lead and cadmium. Illustrates each research area, by giving the results obtained from studies carried out in the Croatian region and performed within the Institute of Medical Research and Occupational Health in Zagreb. Also presents the results obtained for lead and cadmium in non‐polluted rural, urban and polluted industrial areas. Considers two main environmental media ‐ air and food ‐ when evaluating human exposure, intake and absorption of lead and cadmium. Compares results obtained in this region to reported European and global data.

Much concern has been expressed in both the pigment and the polymer industries over the use of heavy metal compounds in pigmentary materials. In particular, lead chromes and cadmium sulpho‐selenides have been under the spotlight. The question as to whether cadmium pigments contribute significantly to the risk which is known to be associated with the element cadmium, has been the subject of much discussion and some investigation.

This article describes work carried out in UKAEA laboratories to examine the possibility of using protective coatings on cadmium plate—such as that used to protect mild steel—in order to prevent or minimise corrosion due to hostile organic vapours. The degree of attack by vapours of acetic, formic, butyric and propionic acids and formaldehyde on cadmium has been determined and it has been found that attack can be eliminated in many cases by the application of a chlorinated‐rubber lacquer to the metal. A pretreatment primer of the two‐pack etch‐primer type is considered essential for good protection. The protection provided by nine coatings over three pretreatments is described in detail.

Although established theoretical models suggest that race differences in physical health are partially explained by exposures to environmental toxins, there is little empirical evidence to support these processes. We build on previous research by formally testing whether black–white differences in self-rated physical health are mediated by the embodiment of environmental toxins.

Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007–2008), we employ ordinary least squares regression to model environmental toxins (from urine specimens) and overall self-rated health as a function of race and ethnicity. We employ the Sobel test of indirect effects to formally assess mediation.

Our results show that non-Hispanic black respondents tend to exhibit higher levels of total toxins, lead, and cadmium in their urine and poorer physical health than non-Hispanic whites, even with adjustments for age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Our mediation analyses suggest that blacks may exhibit poorer physical health than whites because they tend to embody higher levels of cadmium.

Research limitations include cross-sectional data and restricted indicators of SES.

This study contributes to previous work by bridging the fields of social epidemiology and environmental inequality and by formally testing established theoretical models.