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This paper aims to provide an exposition of the constructive research approach (CRA) to show the potential utility of CRA in transcending or mitigating the methodological and practical issues involved in researching organisations.

The paper is a literature review, and resulting thematic discussion of methodological and practical issues involves in action research (AR) in organisations through the lens of the CRA approach.

The paper identifies that CRA has benefits in orientation to a practical outcome grounded in a theoretical domain but with leeway to facilitate creativity, which can also potentially improve the quality of the collaborative relationships. The centrality of the construction within the method provides a “vantage point” to manage the emic (inside) and etic (outside) positionality concerns of action researchers working within organisational settings.

CRA has multiple practical benefits for action researchers and their collaborators in terms of time, risk and collaborative commitment.

The paper develops a useful tactical framework for discussing the practical and methodological issues when considering AR in organisations and highlights how CRA can be used in wider organisational scholarship outside its roots in management accounting.

This paper aims to map the creation and evolution of centering resonance analysis (CRA). This method was an innovative approach developed to conduct textual content analysis in a semi-automatic, theory-informed and analytically rigorous way. Nevertheless, despite its robust procedures to analyze documents and interviews, CRA is still broadly unknown and scarcely used in management research.

To track CRA’s development, the roadmapping approach was properly adapted. The traditional time-based multi-layered map format was customized to depict, graphically, the results obtained from a systematic literature review of the main CRA publications.

In total, 19 papers were reviewed, from the method’s introduction in 2002 to its last tracked methodological development. In all, 26 types of CRA analysis were identified and grouped in five categories. The most innovative procedures in each group were discussed and exemplified. Finally, a CRA methodological roadmap was presented, including a layered typology of the publications, in terms of their focus and innovativeness; the number of analysis conducted in each publication; references for further CRA development; a segmentation and description of the main publication periods; main turning points; citation-based relationships; and four possible future scenarios for CRA as a method.

This paper offers a unique and comprehensive review of CRA’s development, favoring its broader use in management research. In addition, it develops an adapted version of the roadmapping approach, customized for mapping methodological innovations over time.

This paper aims to estimate the cost to US savings banks and savings and loan institutions with assets under $250 million of complying with the anti‐redlining Community Reinvestment Act (CRA).

Compliance cost is modeled as a type of inefficiency because the lending institution is required to favor higher cost borrowers whom it might otherwise choose to avoid. Inefficiency is estimated using a special form of regression with a two‐part error term that contains an inefficiency parameter.

The 1995 statutory changes designed to lessen the cost of CRA compliance are apparently more than offset by the increased enforcement efforts of the Clinton Administration, which was hostile to deregulation enacted by Congress. For the vast majority of small thrifts, annual compliance costs grew by $251,000 following “deregulation,” and for a small number of “Outstanding” (in meeting the goals of the Act) institutions, CRA‐related costs grew by $539,000. These increases represent a rise of about 3.5 and 6 percent of operating expenses, respectively.

Given the wide latitude afforded financial regulators in the USA legislative changes regarded as “deregulation” also require a sympathetic and supportive administration to be realized.

The paper offers insights into how increased enforcement can offset statutory deregulation, focusing on the case of the Community Reinvestment Act.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the performance of traditional collision resolution algorithm (CRA) under self‐similar traffic and present a prediction‐based CRA for wireless media access. With experimentations, the method is there after evaluated.

The traditional traffic models are mostly based on “Poisson” model or “Bernoulli” process, but recent decade traffic measurements found the coexistence of both long‐ and short‐range dependence in network traffic. On the other hand, CRA is an effective strategy to improve the performance of multiple access protocol and it achieves the highest capacity among all known multiple access protocols under the Poisson traffic model. In this paper, a CRA model is built on OPNET to study the effects of different traffic traces such as the fractional autoregressive integrated moving average process with non‐Gaussian white driving sequence and the real traffic data that are captured at a well‐attended ACM Conference. The performance is compared of traditional CRA based on the self‐similar traffic model and Poisson model and a novel CRA based on time – series prediction theory under self‐similar traffic models is designed.

The traditional Poisson traffic model gets the best performance under traditional CRA, while the self‐similar traffic performance under traditional CRA is too poor to be applied in an actual network environment. For example, the Poisson traffic model obtains the biggest throughput, the smallest delay and smallest collision resolution numbers under traditional CRA. This paper demonstrates the first‐come first‐serve (FCFS) must be improved under self‐similar traffic models. The novel collision resolution strategy‐based prediction can provide better performance under self‐similar traffic. The parameters of performance, such as throughput, delay and collision resolution numbers, are better than the traditional CRA.

This paper presents a prediction‐based CRA for self‐similar traffic which is the combination of the FCFS and the prediction theory and also provides a new method to resolve packets colliding.

Over the last decade, there has been a growing debate about the relationship between industrial relations, human resource management and business strategies. For management, this involves an ongoing reappraisal of the balance between individualism and collectivism and a critique of third party intervention in the employment relationship. Describes a case study of CRA/RTZ in Australia and New Zealand and the managerial strategy used to deconstruct collective industrial relations through the use of standardized individualized contracts.

Country of origin (COO) effect refers to the influence of COO on consumers' perception and evaluation of a product. This research explores the impact of consumers' power distance on COO effect.

We conducted two experiments to test the relevant hypotheses.

The results indicate that power distance has a polarizing influence on COO effect. That means, for products from countries with good images, the higher the consumers' power distance, the better their evaluation of the products; while for products from countries with poor images, the higher the power distance, the worse their evaluation of the products. The research also finds the moderating effect of consumers' competence–related country-related affect (CRA). When holding positive competence–related CRA, for products from countries with good images, the higher the consumers' power distance, the better their evaluation of the products; for products from countries with poor images, consumers' power distance has no effect. When having negative competence–related CRA, for products from countries with poor images, the higher the consumers' power distance, the worse their evaluation of the products; for products from countries with good images, power distance has no effect.

This study finds that depending on the perception of COO image, power distance not only improves the evaluation of products but also lows such evaluation, reflecting a two-way polarizing feature.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role and responsibility of credit rating agencies in promoting soundness and integrity, especially in the course of their business activities.

The paper describes, and uses, the framework for the activities of credit rating agencies introduced by the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), in order to give effect to this investigation.

Credit rating agencies have implemented the provisions of the Code of Conduct Fundamentals for Credit Rating Agencies of the IOSCO on the quality and integrity of the rating process, to the extent of the resources available to them.

The main source of data is the information collected by the IOSCO from nine credit rating agencies, including the main three, on the quality and integrity of their rating processes. The absence of triangulation of research methods limits the robustness of the findings.

The paper addresses a specific aspect of the credit ratings story since the financial crisis on which there is currently little in the literature. It also focuses upon the actions of credit rating agencies, rather than on how these organisations are, or should be, regulated.

This paper aims to investigate the impacts of country-of-origin (COO) cues, country-related affect (CRA) and country-related product associations (CRPA) on consumers’ intention to purchase hotel services.

A survey of 305 respondents was conducted. Mediation and conditional process tests were performed to examine the proposed theoretical framework.

The results suggest that CRA is positively correlated with consumer trust, which, in turn, affects purchase intention. For consumers with a high (vs low) level of consumer ethnocentrism (CE), the effect of CRA on trust is weaker. CRPA is positively correlated with both consumer trust and price perception, which, in turn, affect purchase intention. For consumers with rich subjective knowledge (SK) of hotel services, the effect of CRPA on price perception is weaker. The effects of COO stereotypes and the moderation effects of CE and SK hold after controlling for consumers’ age, gender, income, education and objective knowledge.

Hospitality practitioners can make use of different types of country-related information to communicate effectively with consumers in a global environment.

This research is the first to discover the different mechanisms underlying different types of COO and the boundary conditions on these effects.

Traces the history of the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), which requires US lenders to meet the credit needs of their local customers, and presents a study of its effect on profitability. Looks at financial institutions which received revized CRA ratings between 1990 and 1995, analysing their characteristics before and after revision, and finds upgraded banks hold more loans and are likely to be either rapidly growing and/or reaching deeper into the pool of applicants. Goes on to show that interest on CRA‐related loans is lower than on others, i.e. profitability is reduced and risk increased. Concludes that although CRA activities may open new markets and build new skills for lenders, their costs are likely to exceed their benefits for most institutions.

The purpose of this study is to address three managerial issues in a retail network under a centralised regime, including resource allocation, expansion and downsizing. In particular, this study investigates how to optimise resource allocation across retailers and how to decide the optimal size of a retail network for an empirical case, where 27 retailers belong to an automobile parts supplier in Taiwan.

The centralised data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is used to optimise resource allocation among retailers and to seek the possibility of either an expansion and/or downsizing for a retail network.

The case company knows the best way to (re)allocate its available resources and (re)arrange the outcome goals for its own retailers. The 27 retailers are assigned specific targets for input and output adjustments to become Pareto or technically efficient units. Besides, an experiment is designed to measure how changing the number of retailers affects the group efficiency of the retail network. To keep the current aggregated output level of the retail network, the centralised supplier needs at least 24 retailers. However, the retail network with 37 retailers can achieve maximal group efficiency.

Centralised resource allocation is an inherent feature of most supplier-retailer relationships, where the supplier is usually a central planner with the power to allocate available resources among its own retailers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess retail performance under a centralised regime.