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The purpose of this article is to summarize the different kinds of services China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) developed and provided, in order to promote the general, detailed and specific levels of assistance to member libraries and other information institutions.

This paper focuses on six kinds of services to meet the needs of CALIS members, including “cooperated database purchasing”, “union catalog”, “interlibrary loan and document delivery”, “virtual reference”, “digital library model designing” and “training” services.

The statistics show that these services definitely facilitate resource sharing among libraries. On the other hand, more efforts should be made to make these services go from strength to strength.

Although many attempts have been made, CALIS is still faced with the challenge to develop and provide services to a higher level.

With the passage of time, the services provided attracted much attention. More and more academic libraries participated in CALIS. By now, CALIS is extending its services to more than 700 Chinese universities.

The insight into its services improves the understanding of the role CALIS played in China. At the same time, experiences and benefits obtained may be used as a demonstration for other consortia.

China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS), funded primarily by the Chinese Government, is a nationwide academic library consortium in China. As one of the two public service systems in “Project 211”, in China's ninth five‐year plan, CALIS plays a multiple resource‐sharing role among the participating libraries. During past five years, CALIS has established a three‐tiered coordination and management network comprising national information centers, regional information centers and member libraries. In addition, a number of resources have been developed or imported which have made considerable improvements to the service to Chinese higher education and also accelerated the growth of CALIS. The target for CALIS is to build the China Academic Digital Library within the next five years. Currently, CALIS is doing research on the strategies and development of digital library systems, with cooperation and coordination from member libraries. With the development of “digital service environment”, “public service platform”, “imported and self‐built resources”, “service network”, etc. the digital library and information system will be established. The extension of digital library consortium resources and services will thus operate in a digital, networked environment. This paper provides information about the background, initiatives and the strategic plan of CALIS, illustrating how it operates and what it provides.

The purpose of this paper is to review CALIS-ETD full text service in CALIS-ETD project, Phase 3 and put forward the prospect of this project.

The paper involves: the introduction and assessment of the CALIS-ETD full text service in CALIS-ETD Phase 3; analysis of the issues encountered; and recommendations for the coming new phase.

The thesis full text service is a systematic engineering, involving resources, systems, copyright management, service policies and, etc. Among them, the copyright management is the key issue in the thesis full text service in China.

The CALIS-ETD full text service supplies the users a more convenient and formal way to reach the thesis literatures.

The CALIS-ETD full text service in the period of its Phase 3 is the first nationwide thesis service in China. It is the very important milestone of this service in China.

This paper aims to provide suggestions and predictions on library consortium development trends in China under new circumstances, as summarised from observations made of CALIS and CASHL.

From an overview and comparative analyses of the similar and different characteristics of CALIS and CASHL – two of the most influential library consortia in China – mainly on sources of funds, organisational management, cooperative collection development, collection character, resource sharing and services, this paper summarises the main advantages and disadvantages of the consortia to gain valuable insights.

Seven advantages and three disadvantages in CALIS and CASHL are summarised, and from the insights gained, the following suggestions and predictions on library consortium trends in China arise: the cost‐reducing and highly effective models of CALIS and CASHL will be promoted; uniformity and standardisation of construction will earn more respect and be realised; library consortia will develop in the digital library direction; the scope of consortia will be broadened; and different library consortia will move toward integration.

The advantages and disadvantages of the CALIS and CASHL consortia summarised by this paper, and the suggestions of this paper with regard to trends for library consortia in China provide valuable inspiration and reference for decision‐makers. Library consortium practices in China will develop and change in the directions suggested by this paper.

The comparative analysis of of the characteristics of the CALIS and CASHL consortia characteristics is original. The summary of the main advantages and disadvantages of the two consortia, together with suggestions and predictions regarding the trends for library consortia in China, provide useful references for researchers, the public and decision‐makers in China as well as other countries regarding library consortium experiences and improving and developing consortia.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of the China Academic Library and Information system (CALIS) document supply service platform (CDSSP) – its historical development, network structure and future development plans – and discuss how its members make use of and benefit from its various components.

The authors provide a first-person account based on their professional positions at the CALIS Administrative Center.

CDSSP comprises five application systems including a unified authentication system, Saas-based interlibrary loan (ILL) and document delivery (DD) service system, ILL central scheduling and settlement system, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) service system and a service integration interface system. These systems work together to meet the needs of member libraries, other information service institutions, and their end users. CDSSP is widely used by more than 1,100 libraries based on a cloud service strategy. Each year more than 100,000 ILL and DD transactions are processed by this platform.

The development of CDSSP makes it becomes true for CALIS to provide one stop information retrieval and supply service. At the same time, it promotes the resource sharing among member libraries to a great degree.

This paper aims to describe the China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS), an academic library consortium which promotes resource sharing among Chinese academic libraries.

The authors use a case study approach based on their professional experience at the CALIS Administrative Center in Beijing.

CALIS has a bright future and it is hoped that CALIS ILL and document delivery services will be expanded to all kinds of academic libraries in China, and help them meet their users ' information needs.

The paper provides insights into the current state of interlending in China.

This paper aims to report on the methodology and findings of the China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) Model Member Libraries (MML) plan which evaluated the success of interlibrary loan and document delivery (ILL/DD) services among 71 CALIS member libraries.

CALIS constructed an evaluation instrument consisting of a set of primary and secondary performance indicators, which were used to assess participating libraries in a number of areas such as the number of bibliographic holdings contributed to the union catalog, the number of qualified professional staff dedicated to ILL/DD, the amount of training provided for library staff and end-users, request volume, fill rate, turnaround time and user satisfaction.

CALIS has implemented the evaluation with the purpose of better understanding ILL/DD service among its member libraries. The evaluation has achieved the expected targets and improved service performance as originally planned. The performance measures provide a basis for the MML to compare their ILL/DD service performance with another similar institution.

According to the evaluation, the major objectives of MML on ILL/DD service are summarized.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current situation and the social and economic benefits from the consortia acquisitions of electronic resources by the China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) South China Regional Centre and to recommend improvements for consortia acquisitions.

Analyses of price and usage made within the CALIS South China region of databases from a range of suppliers including EBSCO, LexisNexis and Springer are presented.

The electronic resource acquisitions by the CALIS South China Regional Centre have yielded remarkable social and economic benefits as the range of electronic collections has been expanded and enriched, benefits have accrued, money has been saved and it has proved to be of benefit to users; however, there is room for improvement. During the last three years, the total usage of the South China Consortia has increased but the usage of the member libraries in the consortia is unbalanced and there are big gaps among the member libraries. The single download/search cost of the e‐resources has been gradually decreasing but the cost of the e‐resources purchased by the South China region consortia is higher than that of the national consortia; hence, there is a need for further reductions.

The study is the first of its kind ever conducted in China. The findings of this paper will be helpful in improving electronic resource consortia acquisitions in the South China region.

Using three university library consortia China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) (China), Greater Western Library Alliance (GWLA) (USA) and Joint University Librarians Advisory Committee (JULAC) (Hong Kong) as examples, the purpose of this paper is to compare the administration of three university consortia and to explore the cultural, educational and geopolitical forces that produce and shape university library consortia.

The methodology used reviewed published and proprietary documents, interviews and observation.

While the stated objectives are similar, the three vary markedly in size, funding source, and whether programming is a bottom-up decision or emanates from the central government. CALIS was started by China ' s Ministry of Education, who also helps in setting programmatic agendas and appointing managers; GWLA came into existence through the efforts of a small group of university librarians, elect their own board and set programming in response to member needs and suggestions; JULAC, initiated by the university librarians in Hong Kong has some support from the government through bodies charged with the oversight of the universities. The differing educational systems also influence programming, for example in the relative importance member libraries place on preferential inter-library loan.

There are few comparative studies of library consortia found in Asia and the US comparative studies of consortia encourage an understanding of the benefits of different consortia models.

The purpose of this paper is to reflect The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library's catalogue evolution as a result of electronic resources cataloguing and how collaborative cataloguing could be implemented in the context of Hong Kong.

The paper outlines the challenges faced by The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library and the need to find alternative way to catalogue e-books come in large batches. It describes in particular the cataloguing of Chinese e-books in collaboration with the China Academic Library and Information System (CALIS).

Different cataloguing data set are inevitably blended into the library catalogue to be used by users. Still, collaboration is feasible when libraries are ready to make compromise and accept variances in the library catalogue.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong Library is the first library in Hong Kong to work collaboratively with CALIS to batch convert its records for cataloguing of Chinese e-books. The paper is useful for librarians exploring new source for Chinese cataloguing or collaborative initiatives with libraries in China.