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Iron deficiency anaemia is widely prevalent amongst women and children in India. The aim of the paper is to study the effect of supplementation of micronutrient fortified biscuits on haemoglobin and serum iron levels of adolescent girls (n = 46, 10‐16 years) studying in a government school in Jaipur city, India.

The study was designed to be an intervention study. The intervention was with biscuits fortified with 30 mg iron, 100  μg folic acid, 600  μg vitamin A, 40 mg vitamin C and 150  μg iodine. The iron status of adolescent girls was determined through haemoglobin and serum iron levels.

The results revealed that 95.7 per cent of the adolescent girls suffered from anaemia of which 28.3 per cent had “mild” deficiency and 67.4 per cent had “moderate” deficiency. Anaemia was more prevalent in the older age groups. On supplementation, there was a significant increase in the haemoglobin levels. There was a three‐fold increase in the percentage of adolescent girls in the “normal” category of anaemia from 4.3 to 13.0 per cent and more than two‐fold decrease in the “moderate” category of anaemia from 67.4 to 28.3 per cent. Moreover, 21.7 per cent of the subjects had “normal” levels while the rest (78.3 per cent) had low levels of serum iron; the percentage of adolescent girls in the normal category increased to 93.5 per cent after intervention on the basis of serum iron levels.

Supplementation with iron and folic acid with other micronutrients improved the haemoglobin and serum iron levels of the adolescent girls significantly.

The paper recommends that the school system can be used for micronutrient supplementation to improve the nutritional status of children and adolescents as the students are more regimented here for distribution of nutrient fortified food products.

A general numerical method for finding the steady state solution of a cyclic system is presented. The method determines the initial values by enforcing the conditions of periodicity. In this way the initial value is found by integrating through only one cycle, often resulting in a considerable saving of computing effort. The method is applicable to any linear discrete set of difference equations with periodic parameters and forcing functions. The application of the method to a single pole representation of heat flow in buildings is demonstrated.

This study aims to investigate how the commitment of Islamic banking customers is influenced by trust, relationship expectations and conflict management. In turn, the influence of their commitment on future satisfaction is determined.

A descriptive research design was applied and responses were obtained from Islamic banking customers through the application of self-administered questionnaires. A total of 350 completed questionnaires were used in analysing the data. An exploratory factor analysis established the interrelationships of the scales used to measure the study’s constructs. In addition, both the measurement and structural models were evaluated.

Trust and relationship expectations significantly and positively influence customer commitment, while conflict management has no significant influence on the commitment of Islamic banking customers to their bank. In addition, commitment significantly and positively influences the satisfaction experiences of Islamic banking customers.

The tested model validates the hypothesised relationships between the trust, relationship expectations, commitment and satisfaction of Islamic banking customers. However, the relationship between conflict management, commitment and satisfaction was not established. Commitment is linked to trust and relationship expectations, as well as its outcome, satisfaction. However, commitment could not be linked to antecedent conflict management.

The findings could assist retail banks servicing Islamic banking customers in offering in-depth knowledge of how trust and relationship expectations can foster customer commitment, eventually securing the positive satisfaction of customers.

The study focussed on Islamic banking customers and determined the interrelationships between commitment and related constructs. Few studies, however, have examined how commitment relates to its precursors and outcome from an Islamic banking perspective in an emergent African economy.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the wider societal issues that can impact on the success of a TB programme.

The paper is a qualitative study of the experiences of people involved in a community‐based DOTS programme in Lubombo, Swaziland, involving patients, DOT treatment supporters, clinic nurses and other key informants.

The paper finds that study participants spontaneously raised two main societal issues, which had major impact on the success of the TB programme: health beliefs and poverty. It is seen that health beliefs can have a major impact on treatment‐seeking behaviour and outcomes of TB treatment. Problems related to poverty were of two main types: insufficient funds to attend for review, and lack of food whilst on TB treatment.

This paper discusses why these issues, although strictly outside the remit of the health services, are important factors to consider when implementing TB programmes. It suggests further research that may help break the link between TB and poverty (particularly relating to food insecurity) and recommends considering local health beliefs when dealing with individuals and the community. Neither the impact of health beliefs nor the impact of poverty are new ideas, yet these issues tend to be forgotten by quantitative researchers who perhaps understandably focus on issues that may be perceived as being easier to measure. This paper serves to remind one of their importance and to illustrate the value of qualitative research in highlighting them and ensuring that issues that are important to participants are not neglected.

The purpose of this paper is to simulate flow inside differentially heated rotating cavity using two different formulations; one using Navier‐Stokes (NS) equations derived in non‐inertial (rotating) frame of reference and the other using NS equations in inertial frame of reference. Then to compare the results obtained from these formulations to find their merits and demerits.

The NS equations for both non‐inertial and inertial formulations are written in artificial compressibility form before discretizing them by a high resolution finite volume method. The dual time steeping approach of Jameson is used for time accuracy in both the formulations. Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach is used for taking care of moving boundary problem arising in the inertial formulation. A newly developed HLLC‐AC Riemann solver for discretizing convective fluxes and central differencing for discretizing viscous fluxes are used in the finite volume approach. Results for both the formulations are first validated with test cases reported in literature. Then the results of the two formulations are compared among themselves.

Results of the non‐inertial formulation obtained by the proposed method are found to match well with those reported in literature. The results of both the formulations match well for low rotational speeds of the cavity. The discrepancies between the results of the two formulations progressively increase with the increase in rotational speed. Implicit treatment of the source term is found to reduce the discrepancies.

The present approach is useful for accurate prediction of flow feature and heat transfer characteristic in case of applications such as manufacturing of single wafer crystal for semiconductor and in numerous metallurgical processes.

The ALE formulation is used for the first time to simulate a differentially heated rotating cavity problem. The attempt to compare non‐inertial and inertial formulations is also reported for the first time. Implicit treatment of the source term leading to change in solution accuracy is one of the important findings of the present investigation.

This article explores collaborative capital budgeting in U.S. local governments. To date, the capital budgeting literature has focused on practices within individual governments. This leaves a gap in our understanding because a large portion of capital planning, acquisition, and maintenance occurs through collaboration between two or more local governments. Drawing on the capital budgeting and collaborative public management literature, and on illustrative cases of collaborative capital budgeting in the United States, an inductive approach is used to: (1) identify and categorize the different objectives that motivate local officials to pursue collaborative agreements, (2) examine common patterns in the types of assets involved in collaboration, and (3) discover common institutional arrangements in collaboration agreements. The research findings demonstrate significant heterogeneity in the objectives, patterns, and institutions of collaborative capital budgeting.

No matter how well‐defined and specialized may be the field of a particular library it is only natural for the users of the library to ask for information on a variety of topics far removed from the main subject interest. It is therefore necessary for a part of the book fund to be set aside for these general purchases; Whitaker's Almanack is an obvious example. As this can be a cosdy business it may be of interest for special librarians to hear of some useful publications which come from highly reputable sources and yet are available free or at little cost. Addresses to which requests for these publications should be sent are given in an appendix.

The solution of the problem of estimating the take‐off distance to a height of 50 feet has to a certain extent been limited by the absence of a theoretical analysis of the airborne part of the take‐off manoeuvre. The three main physical quantities associated with the motion immediately after an aircraft leaves the ground are aircraft speed, the angle the flight path makes with the horizontal and the lift coefficient increment. This latter quantity is the lift coefficient in excess of that required for level flight at the unstick speed, and is produced when the pilot pulls the stick quickly back at take‐off. A linear theoretical analysis is obtained by assuming that variations of the physical quantities already mentioned are small enough for squares and higher powers of such variations to be neglected in comparison with the variations themselves. The results of the analysis depend on the solutions of a pair of ordinary simultaneous linear differential equations with constant coefficients. If the aircraft speed never falls below the unstick speed, the limiting values of the lift coefficient increment which define the safe range of take‐offs can be determined. By considering the mean value of the lift coefficient increment over the safe range of take‐offs it is possible to define a mean safe take‐off, and for such a take‐off, the mean safe airborne distance from the unstick point to a height of 50 feet can be estimated. The application of the theory as a means of estimating the take‐off performance of a bomber aircraft is given as an example at the end of this work.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of 34 onion genotypes for their antioxidant activity (AOX) content of phenolics, quercetin and pungency to enable selection of the best genotype for later experiments of variety breeding or to be used as a vector in the improvement of well‐established traditional genotype.

A comprehensive screening of 34 onion (red, pink and white) genotypes is carried out in order to determine the variation in phenolics, quercetin and total AOX as potential for breeding for their enhanced levels.

The AOX in red genotype with highest levels of phenolics is roughly three times higher than commercial white genotype. Pungency levels range from 3.12 to 10.48  μmoles pyruvic acid/g. Mean phenolic and quercetin content ranges from 60.1 to 1094.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg and 22.0 to 890.5 mg/kg quercetin, respectively. AOX in red genotype (expressed as μmoles trolox/g) ranges from 1.97 to 5.45 and 3.60 to 6.61 in ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion reducing capacity assays, respectively. Selections, Sel‐383, Sel‐397, Sel‐61‐383, and Inbreds, I‐40, I‐80 and Burgundy are potential genotype with high pungency and AOX.

An improvement in breeding effort designed to increase the phenolics, quercetin and total AOX in onions (Allium cepa L.) provides selected material for analysis. Onion genotype and breeding lines with improved AOX are identified that would help breeders produce onions high in health promoting compounds.

The paper attempts to examine onion genotypes using standardized in‐vitro AOX assays.

This study aims to discern medieval information literacy (IL) practices through scrutiny of medieval manuscripts: both the content and the “marks of usage” evident therein.

Analysis of the writing of scribes. Engagement with selected primary texts (manuscripts) and prior scholarly investigations.

Ample evidence exists of the practice of IL in the medieval era, and how it was transmitted and negotiated across time and space. Popular guides for scholars, including Hugh of St. Victor's Didascalicon, and the marks of usage left on manuscripts by readers/scribes, are evidence of how members of scholarly communities engaged in collaborative metacognitive work, helping each other with tasks such as understanding the ordinatio (organisation) of texts; cross-referencing; locating information; and making judgments about relevance, amongst others. New practices were stimulated by key historical transitions, particularly the shift from ecclesiastical to secular settings for learning.

This is a preliminary study only, intended to lay foundations and suggest directions for more detailed future investigations of primary texts. The scope is Eurocentric, and similar work might be undertaken with the records of practice available elsewhere, e.g. the Arab world, South and East Asia.

Some previous work (e.g. Long, 2017) has investigated medieval scholarly communities by retrospectively applying notions from practice theory, but no prior work has specifically focused upon IL as the practice under investigation.