Search results

This study comprises Norwegian and foreign tourists’ expenditures from May to September 1995. The results are based on on‐site surveys in selected Norwegian tourist areas, and the consumption figures are weighted according to the relative size of the nationalities and type of accommodation in order to obtain a representative picture of the consumption per guest night. The foreign tourists' expenditures are also registered in the Norwegian Visitor Survey conducted at border crossings, and the two methods are discussed and compared.

The success of tourism destinations is in many cases measured from a competitive advantage perspective, not from a collaborative advantage perspective, which limits the possibilities of destination marketing in a collaborative cross-border context. Currently, the marketing efforts of Victoria Falls are highly fragmented as each country promotes the attraction separately. The purpose of this paper is to explore the cross-border destination marketing possibilities and realities of Victoria Falls from a demand and supply side perspective.

A quantitative approach was applied in this study, with two separate surveys being conducted. Data for the demand side were collected by means of a questionnaire that was distributed by fieldworkers, while data for the supply side were collected online. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses and one-way analysis of variance.

Five specific tourist motivations for visiting Victoria Falls were identified using demand data, of which sightseeing and destination attributes were the most important. Significant differences were found for tourists’ cross-border experiences using different border access points. Using supply data, challenges and opportunities of cross-border marketing were analysed. The most important opportunity was identified as cooperation, while the key challenges were economic and policy related. It is important to see the bigger picture and how cooperation can benefit both countries, which is unfortunately not currently the case for Zambia and Zimbabwe.

There is a need for tourism destinations to shift from competition-based strategies to collaboration-based strategies in order to be successful. Cross-border marketing requires that each country understands tourists’ motivations and experiences. For Zambia and Zimbabwe to increase their tourist arrivals, income and investment opportunities, both countries must move away from isolating their marketing efforts of Victoria Falls. It is important to look beyond the individual benefits for each country and focus on the combined benefits. The challenges identified in this study must be addressed if Zambia and Zimbabwe’s cross-border marketing of Victoria Falls is to be effective. The integration of demand and supply views is thus critical for cross-border marketing to be effective and successful.

Research on cross-border destination marketing of shared border attractions is limited. With regard to Victoria Falls, such research has never been explored in an academic context. This study has value for destination marketers of Zambia and Zimbabwe, especially for attractions that are shared between their borders such as Victoria Falls and Kariba Dam. Additionally, the study has implications for attractions that are shared across the borders of southern African countries like Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique, as well as other attractions shared between borders in the global context.

A cross‐border shopping survey was mailed to 750 randomly selected Canadians, both Francophone and Anglophone, living in the Greater Montreal area. The survey sought to examine if the selected demographic characteristics were related to whether or not Canadian consumers cross‐border shop, to explore Canadian consumers' information sources and motivational attributes with regard to cross‐border shopping, and to determine how information sources and motivational attributes affect their cross‐border shopping behaviors. Approximately 42% of the respondents cross‐border shopped. A predominant segment of those who shopped in the U.S. spoke English at home. Two factors, Merchandise and Service Quality Motivations and Economic Motivations, showed significant relationships with selected cross‐border shopping behaviors.

The recent development of higher education in Africa has been spurred, in part, through a variety of cross-border higher education (CBHE) initiatives. However, this is not a new trend and this chapter traces the development of CBHE activities in Africa from the early 1900s through the current era. While the earliest forms of CBHE were largely fostered through Western nations providing advice and validation to institutions in Africa, the types of CBHE engagements are much more varied, including collaborations among African nations. The chapter also explores the push by some African nations to become educational hubs, the variability of CBHE policies across nations, and the shift of collaboration from the global north to south.

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the growing problem of cross‐border fraud, assess the structures that have emerged to deal with it, identify weaknesses and make the case for a new international body to lead the fight against cross‐border fraud.

This paper reviews various primary and secondary resources drawn from around the world to assess the current infrastructure for addressing cross‐border fraud.

The paper finds various gaps as well as examples of good practice in the fight against cross‐border fraud. However, to have a meaningful impact it is concluded a new international body is required.

The paper is largely focused upon the English speaking world and the European Union and does not explore the nature and response to the problem beyond these areas, other than in current international led responses.

The findings have implications for national and international bodies in considering appropriate ways forward in creating stronger infrastructures to counter cross‐border fraud.

This paper will be useful to policy‐makers and the law enforcement community in considering options for the future and is the first to advocate a new international capacity to fight cross‐border fraud.

This chapter aims to make sense of the growing research that examines the role of culture in mergers and acquisitions. We provide a detailed review of the many related but distinct constructs that have been introduced to the literature. While each construct has contributed to our understanding of the role of culture, the lack of connections made among constructs has limited the consolidation of contributions. The review shows what these constructs mean for mergers and acquisitions, what major findings have been discovered, and, most importantly, how constructs interrelate. Our discussion provides several opportunities to foster the needed consolidation of this research.

The purpose of the study is to gain insights into the post-acquisition integration practices of Indian multinational companies involved in cross-border acquisitions.

The study is based on the primary data from a sample of Indian companies engaged in cross-border acquisitions. A survey (based on a structured questionnaire) method has been used to collect the relevant data.

Majority of the sample companies have successfully managed the post-acquisition phase and realized the anticipated synergies. These companies recognize the importance of cultural integration, people/HR integration and formal communication channel during the post-acquisition phase. Despite the integration strategy being profoundly influenced by cultural differences between two companies, the emphasis on these cultural differences especially during the due-diligence stage is lacking. These aspects have not been examined adequately during the due-diligence phase.

Based on the findings, a model of cross-border acquisition and integration process (AIP) in the context of emerging economies has been proposed; the model is expected to be applicable across all industries and organizations, especially in emerging economies. The proposed model should essentially help senior and middle managers to develop successful integration strategies. Moreover, the study holds immense potential for practitioners and academicians by providing them with a new thought on executing successful acquisitions.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has examined the post-acquisition integration approach in emerging economies. Moreover, rarely has any AIP model applicable across several organizations of all sizes and types from emerging economies been suggested in the literature. The suggested AIP model is the unique proposition of the paper.

How does a company make its way through the cross‐border alliance jungle? The article seeks to address several issues facing companies that are considering or managing cross‐border alliances.

The author conducted 106 face‐to‐face interviews and 86 telephone interviews.

In this research study, three questions were answered: Why should I form a cross‐border alliance? How should I select a proper alliance partner? What are the key factors for capturing substantial (alliance) value?

The study focuses on the views of senior executives and top managers of public companies and senior executives and top‐managers in state‐owned enterprises (especially in the energy sector), subsidiaries (of big global firms) and large private enterprises. The study does not include small and medium‐sized companies. The research does not focus on cross‐cultural management issues.

The research indicates that some simple guidelines can improve the success rate of a cross‐border alliance. Many cross‐border alliances do not realize their full potential because the preparation, planning and implementation process fails to clearly define what success means. Companies should use structured approaches because cross‐border alliances are a means to an end, i.e. they need to be viewed as a sequence of actions in the context of an overall business strategy – not as one‐off transactions. Time and patience are required to design a cross‐border alliance, structure the deal, and manage the implementation process. Cross‐border alliances should not be viewed as romantic. They should be evaluated for what they are – a way of competing.

The article extends the current globalization debate by bringing into focus the issues faced by cross‐border alliance participants. The conclusions are embedded in an extensive global study.

This paper presents the UE‐Eurostat methodology to design and implement a system of surveys of inbound tourism. It has been thought for the homogeneisation of the information systems of the EU countries and for the development of the cooperation in the field of tourism statistics between the European Union and other relevant extra‐Europe regions. Furthermore, the methodology wants to give a common framework of analysis for the collection and processing of comparable statistics at each territorial level. The general research process has been split up into nine fundamental steps which represent the stages a researcher has to follow in order to obtain reliable data on visitor flows, visitors' and trip characteristics, consumption behaviour and opinions and impressions on the trip and the visit. It has been implemented for closed areas (areas with political borders, e.g. a country, geographical borders, e.g. a island, artificial borders, e.g. a museum, a theme park, an archaeological area) and open areas (a macro‐region, a region, a single tourist destination, e.g. a city, or tourist site, e.g. a square).

The presented study aims to address the subject of educating youngsters in cross-border regions to be responsible persons, tourists, hosts and neighbours, to accept cultural pluralism, and to raise awareness that knowledge of neighbouring countries' languages supports cross-border cooperation.

The approach double-checked theory and legal regulation, and children's knowledge of neighbouring countries' (Slovenia, Hungary, Austria, and Croatia) languages was empirically researched. Indirectly, parental attitudes were examined. The study focused on Slovene and Hungarian languages and on their trans-border (or: cross-border) tourism as a cultural rather than economic topic.

Cross-border tourism depends also on mutual understanding as a precondition of ethics of interdependence as a precondition of the requisite holism of one's approach via social responsibility enabling the well-being of both tourists and hosts. The socio-linguistic and socio-cultural aspects of neighbouring regions, e.g. Slovenia's Prekmurje and Hungary's Örseg, can support positive interaction between ethnic groups and enhance effective cross-border collaboration, including tourism. Poor knowledge of neighbouring countries' languages submits communities to third languages and hinders these trans-border experiences, making the regions a shared destiny maintaining their cultures, languages and identity. Language learning therefore must start at the earliest possible age.

This case study advocates cross-border educational and cultural policy that (primary) schools should increase the awareness of the dependence of cross-border peace, positive stereotypes, economies and tourism on knowledge of neighbouring countries' languages and socially responsible (young/future) persons, tourists and hosts.