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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2003

Bhagaban Panigrahi, Fred O. Ede and Stephen Calcich

Data collected from 202 large and 92 small consumer goods manufacturing firms were analysed to examine the perceptions and experiences of these companies with test marketing as…

1109

Abstract

Data collected from 202 large and 92 small consumer goods manufacturing firms were analysed to examine the perceptions and experiences of these companies with test marketing as part of their new product development strategy. Seventy six per cent of the large companies and twenty four per cent of the small firms in the study test marketed their new products before full‐scale introduction. Chi‐square analysis indicated a relationship between firm size, type of business/industry, the scope of marketing operations, and whether the firm conducted test marketing or not. Cost, time constraints, and the generic nature of the product were the most prominent reasons cited by all firms for not conducting test marketing. In addition, small firms cited their size as amajor reason they did not engage in test marketing.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 26 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 2000

Fred O. Ede and Bhagaban Panigrahi

Evaluates, empirically the attitude of African‐American consumers towards US and Japanese made automobiles. Outlines the rationale and urgency for the study of this population…

Abstract

Evaluates, empirically the attitude of African‐American consumers towards US and Japanese made automobiles. Outlines the rationale and urgency for the study of this population, before looking at the hypotheses which are considered important both from a sociocultural and a managerial perspective. Presents the data and draws conclusions including the limitations of the study and outlines further research in the area.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 23 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1995

Ranjita Misra

Major demographic changes in family life occurred during the post‐World War II period in the United States. An increase in women combining traditional family roles with employment…

Abstract

Major demographic changes in family life occurred during the post‐World War II period in the United States. An increase in women combining traditional family roles with employment in the work force represents one of the most significant of these changes. The late 1960s and early 1970s, in particular, were heralded as a period of revolution in attitudes toward the roles of women (Ferre, 1974; Mason, Czajka and Arber, 1976; McBroom, 1986; Tallichet and Willits, 1986; Thornton and Freedman, 1979). These studies revealed that attitudes became more favourable toward the working women and toward greater opportunities and rewards for women outside the home. Several studies have documented the association of egalitarian sex‐role attitudes with higher levels of education and increased participation in the work force (Mason et.al., 1976; Smith‐Lovin and Tickamyer, 1978; Thornton and Freedman, 1979).

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 15 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Article
Publication date: 1 October 1998

Ranjita Misra

Explores attitudes towards abortion in the USA and whether or not they have changed during the period 1977‐1993 (based on data from the National Opinion Research Centre’s General…

3274

Abstract

Explores attitudes towards abortion in the USA and whether or not they have changed during the period 1977‐1993 (based on data from the National Opinion Research Centre’s General Social Survey). Describes the research methodology used and how the data was analysed, testing for attitudinal change by age, gender and race, through a comparison of mean scale scores, longitudinal analysis, and multiple regression. Finds that younger people are more pro‐choice but that there has been an increase in pro‐life attitudes among women and pro‐choice among men. Indicates that racial differences on abortion are declining. Reveals that increased religiosity affects attitudes towards abortion, which may account for black women generally being more pro‐life. Notes, also, that respondents with higher levels of education were more pro‐choice. Refers to a particular legal decision on abortion, which, it was thought, had prompted a pro‐choice attitude, but finds that this is not actually the case.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 18 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2002

Bhagaban Panigrahi, Fred O. Ede and Stephen Calcich

Presents the results of an empirical investigation into American executives’ perceptions of business climates in India and China. Addresses six distinct issues cocnerning economy…

1823

Abstract

Presents the results of an empirical investigation into American executives’ perceptions of business climates in India and China. Addresses six distinct issues cocnerning economy, management, marketing, government, labour and finance. Attempts to establish the homogeneity of internal consistency of the shortened version of Buntzman’s 31 item scale used in the study. Surveyed 110 US businessmen working in these countries. Suggests that findings show India to possess a more favourable business climate but perceive China’s economy to be better.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1996

Ranjita Misra and Bhagaban Panigrahi

Examines attitudes regarding female labour force participation among people of different ages using National Opinion Research Centre Social Survey data. Focuses specifically on…

2424

Abstract

Examines attitudes regarding female labour force participation among people of different ages using National Opinion Research Centre Social Survey data. Focuses specifically on the factors associated with a pro‐feminist attitude. Demonstrates that younger people have more positive attitudes towards women working outside their homes than do older people. Men are less pro‐feminist in their attitudes than are women. Men and women disapprove of a woman working if preschool children suffer by her working. In addition to age and gender, the factors influencing attitude are income, education, religious beliefs, urban residence, born in this country, having young children in the family or expecting more children, and work years and job security. A supportive attitude for working women was associated with higher education, higher family income, residence in urban areas, liberal viewpoints, and uncertainty about having more children. The absence of correlation between employment of women and attitudes towards participation in the workforce and between marital status and attitude were especially surprising. Discusses economic, social and political implications of the findings.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 17 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 September 2009

Ranjita Misra, Arvind Modawal and Bhagaban Panigrahi

There is anecdotal evidence that ethnic minority physicians are underrepresented in managed care contracts. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to determine ethnic…

Abstract

Purpose

There is anecdotal evidence that ethnic minority physicians are underrepresented in managed care contracts. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to determine ethnic Asian‐Indian physician‐managed care organization experience and job satisfaction in the USA by age, gender, region and percent of patients in managed care organizations.

Design/methodology/value

A random (nation‐wide) mail survey was conducted of 254 physicians who were American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin (AAPI) members during the period 1998 to 2000. Managed care experience was categorized into physician satisfaction; service quality rating; service limitations; difficulties acquiring and maintaining managed care contracts; and financial impact.

Findings

Physicians in solo and group practice relied heavily on managed care enrolled patients. Limitations providing care to patients was a more serious problem than for those in staff‐model health maintenance organization and hospital/clinic‐based practices. Physician satisfaction was not significantly related to board certification, practice type, region and managed care participation. However, practice staff participating in managed care had the highest number of board‐certified physicians.

Research limitations/implications

There was a low response rate (37 percent) to data collection using questionnaires.

Practical implications

The paper underlines ethnic minority physicians' capability to get managed care contracts.

Originality/value

This is the first national study of Asian‐Indian physicians and their managed care organization experience. Asian‐Indian physicians are over‐represented in the medical profession and hence the paper will interest those working and dealing with managed care organizations and their patients.

Details

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 22 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0952-6862

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1996

Volume 15 Number 4 of Industrial & Social Relations includes an article by Catherine O'Regan and Clive Thompson entitled “Collective Bargaining and the promotion of equality for…

Abstract

Volume 15 Number 4 of Industrial & Social Relations includes an article by Catherine O'Regan and Clive Thompson entitled “Collective Bargaining and the promotion of equality for women in South Africa”.

Details

Equal Opportunities International, vol. 15 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0261-0159

Article
Publication date: 1 September 2004

Dinesh Sharma, B.S. Sahay and Amit Sachan

Previous research in the area of distributor performance proposed different scales, mostly in western, developed country context. These studies also lacked the consideration of…

2266

Abstract

Previous research in the area of distributor performance proposed different scales, mostly in western, developed country context. These studies also lacked the consideration of dynamic interaction between variables, which determine the distributor’s performance. This paper proposes a composite Distributor Performance Index (DPI) to evaluate distributors’ performance based on at the “Enables” and “Results”, taking a system dynamics approach. The model results have been discussed and validated, in business marketing channel. The context of this study is India, an emerging market.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2020

Kanwar Hamza Shuja, Muhammad Aqeel and Kainat Raza Khan

Attaining equality between women and men and eliminating all forms of discrimination are fundamental human rights and United Nations values. Nevertheless, women globally suffer…

Abstract

Purpose

Attaining equality between women and men and eliminating all forms of discrimination are fundamental human rights and United Nations values. Nevertheless, women globally suffer violations of their human rights throughout their lives. This necessitates investigation of the attitude that people hold towards women empowerment, which is defined as their ability to practice their rights, freedom and attain resources within a framework of gender inequality. The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument to measure attitudes regarding women’s empowerment, which can develop better understanding and future interventions to counter these negative attitudes for better social and health care, including mental and physical health.

Design/methodology/approach

The factorial structure, reliability, content validity and impact of gender on factor structure of scale were examined among university students (N = 500) in study with male (n = 180) and female (n = 320) population.

Findings

Exploratory factor analysis using direct oblimin method based on principal component analysis indicated a three-factor, 16-item scale including subscales of personal freedom; equal rights and women empowerment-related fears. Instrument exhibited decent reliability (0.80) and content validity in both male and female university students with a t = −7.64, p = 0.00, suggesting a highly significant difference between the two genders on the developed scale.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitation was that the sample was obtained from student population; therefore, it will not be entirely correct to generalize it to the whole population of Pakistan. Similarly, there are issues regarding the availability of students because of a busy schedule or not having interest to take part in the study that led to variance in the sample. Lastly, the current scale is developed based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and it should be further enhanced using item response theory in future. Future studies need to include samples from different populations in Pakistan to bring out a more generalized view and try to minimize the variances in sample as much as possible for better results.

Practical implications

The scale is constructed using the basic features of women empowerment at its core and is applicable in various settings to measure the attitude towards women empowerment. It will be a helpful tool to be used in various health, employment and educational settings. Moreover, this instrument can be applied for research purpose of measuring attitude as a predictor in combination with other variables such as domestic violence and harassment.

Social implications

Empowering of women is one of the main agendas of 2019 of United Nations for Asian countries where women are not given equal rights, because of which suffer socially and economically from various problems along with issues regarding physical and mental health. By identifying the attitudes of general population, their causes for their attitudes can help in betterment of the women empowerment process.

Originality/value

This paper in discussion is an original work and has been performed with the purpose of assessing attitudes of males and females regarding women empowerment as the previous measures are either not psychometric valid or are in interview or survey form. The current developed scale is an attempt to develop an instrument that can be globally used.

Details

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, vol. 13 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-4902

Keywords

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