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To analyze the cybersecurity regulations for financial institutions issued by the New York State Department of Financial Services on February 16, 2017.

This article summarizes the regulations’ scope and requirements including definition of Covered Entities and substantive requirements including periodic Risk Assessments, cyber policies, dedicated and trained personnel, testing, audit trails, control over Third Party Service Providers, authentication, secure disposal, encryption, and incident reporting.

The regulations go beyond federal requirements in a number of important respects.

This article provides a guide for regulated entities to start preparing for compliance with the new regulations from experienced lawyers with specialties in cybersecurity, privacy and communications.

This paper focuses on the problem of knowledge that is difficult to share because it cannot be articulated: intractably tacit knowledge. It offers knowledge sharing between relatives or friends, a nepotistic practice, as a potential solution.

Analysis of a US Supreme Court decision in favor of a nepotistic hiring practice provides insights into how such a nepotistic approach can facilitate the sharing of intractably tacit knowledge. The paper builds on this analysis to articulate the conditions under which nepotistic selection can be useful to managers.

The US Supreme Court decided in favor of a nepotistic hiring practice based on its potential effectiveness in selecting and developing river pilots. Such a nepotistic approach is problematic, but it can be valuable in a very specific and narrow application, i.e., when organizations need to transfer intractably tacit knowledge. A nepotistic approach should thus be employed only if the benefit of sharing intractably tacit knowledge exceed the cost of nepotism. Organizations should enhance the benefit by ensuring effective knowledge transfer and reduce the cost by mitigating the discrimination and inequity that nepotism enhances.

While much has been written on tacit knowledge, the portion of tacit knowledge that cannot be articulated has been ignored in some studies and neglected in others. Managers responsible for the sharing of such knowledge need guidance. This paper explores an unusual solution: nepotistic selection.

Experimental economics has been treated with skepticism by some Austrian economists. We argue that experimental methods are consistent with strong versions of praxeology, and are therefore not methodologically problematic for Austrians. We further argue that experimental research methods have illustrated many uniquely Austrian themes and provide a fruitful method for future Austrian-inspired research.

This study aims to provide an exploratory analysis of a broad range of factors that may help to explain the rapid growth of Chinese private owned enterprises (POEs).

The analysis in this study takes advantage of an archival dataset constructed by the third author from proprietary data collected for a practitioner conference in China.

Consistent with research on entrepreneurs in Western economies, the individual characteristics of the Chinese founders showed weak correlations with sales growth, but measures of founder motivation did correlate with sales growth. While the results for company characteristics were also weak, most of the factors related to company governance, strategy, competitive advantage, and stakeholder trust all showed significant correlations with the POE's rates of sales growth.

The motivations of Chinese founders appear to matter more than their traits in explaining their ability to grow sales. Solid structure, strategy, and competitive advantages are important also. Building trust with stakeholders may facilitate growth by helping Chinese POEs bridge the institutional voids that they face.

The rapid growth of the Chinese economy and of Chinese POEs offers a unique content in which to study factors that may affect growth rates. However, obtaining reliable data on Chinese POEs is difficult; this study uses a proprietary dataset to offer a rare glimpse into the factors that may affect the sales growth rates of Chinese POEs.

Fiscal support from endowments is a longstanding tradition in many institutions of higher education. The first known endowment in an American academic library resulted from a bequest of £500 from Thomas Hollis to the Harvard College Library in 1774. The number of endowments grew steadily in the 1800s, and by the turn of the century there were significant endowments in many libraries, including Yale, Columbia, the University of Pennsylvania, Brown, the University of Virginia, and the University of North Carolina. Some institutions came to be heavily dependent on trusts for library funding. Between 1928 and 1956, for example, endowment supplied the total budgetary allocation for acquisitions at the Dartmouth College Library. Similarly, as late as the early 1950s, all of the book funds for the Harvard College Library came from its endowment.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between immigration rates and business failure, where business failure is viewed as a proxy for the presence of entrepreneurship.

It employs a panel data approach to the USA, using the percentage of the population that is foreign born as the explanatory variable for the business failure rate ten years later.

The authors find the effect to be large, with a one standard deviation increase in the foreign born population corresponding to a 1.09 standard deviation increase in business failure rate, and the authors argue, entrepreneurship.

The effect the authors find is very large though perhaps also counterintuitive.

Subsequent to the First World War, the French Government regulated the Champagne industry, and locked the status of protected (and excluded) grapes into the new Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée system, forever altering the incentives and output of wine producers. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

As a result, some indigenous varietals have disappeared entirely from the region – and a handful remain only in the vineyards and bottles of a few bold entrepreneurs, constituting less than 1 percent of Champagne production.

The authors assess several traditional explanations (from taste and preferences to agricultural resilience)-and dismiss them as unconvincing. Instead, the authors adopt a public choice framework of regulatory capture to explain the puzzle of thwarted entrepreneurship and consumer choice.

This paper is original.

This chapter compares interdisciplinary research that engages genomic science from economics, political science, and sociology. It describes, compares, and evaluates concepts and research findings from new and rapidly developing research fields, and develops a conceptual taxonomy of the social environment.

A selection of programmatic and empirical articles, published mostly since 2008 in leading economics, political science, and sociology journals, were analyzed according to (a) the relationship they pose between their discipline and genomic science, (b) the specific empirical contributions they make to disciplinary research questions, and (c) their conceptualization of the “social environment” as it informs the central problematique of current inquiry: gene-environment interaction.

While all three of the social science disciplines reviewed engage genomic science, economics and political science tend to engage genomics on its own terms, and develop genomic explanations of economic and political behavior. In contrast, sociologists develop arguments that for genomic science to advance, the “environment” in gene-environment interaction needs better theorization and measurement. We develop an approach to the environment that treats it as a set of measurable institutional (rule-like) arrangements, which take the forms of neighborhoods, families, schools, nations, states, and cultures.

Interdisciplinary research that combines insights from the social sciences and genomic science should develop and apply a richer array of concepts and measures if gene-environment research – including epigenetics – is to advance.

This chapter provides a critical review and redirection of three rapidly developing areas of interdisciplinary research on gene-environment interaction and epigenetics.