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This study aims to explore the role of local community in tourism co-creation. Despite the importance of internal stakeholders, there is a dearth of research on the process of place branding co-creation with the local community, considering their interconnections and influencing relationships.

An old and picturesque local market under a rebranding process was used as a case study. The research involved 10 interviews with market vendors to understand their views regarding place identity, their involvement in brand co-creation, their expectations about the process and the perceived results of such co-creation. Public information was also collected as secondary data to illustrate the rebranding process.

The vendor community had limited involvement in the market rebranding and felt they should have been more widely involved in the decisions as a group rather than individually. However, their satisfaction with the results of the rebranding led to the continuity of the sense of place and to the proud adoption of the new brand.

This study proposes greater integration of local communities as important internal stakeholders of place branding in addition to residents and suggests group meetings to involve the local community in the co-creation process.

This paper explores the context of a vendor community in a local market. This context has deserved little attention in the tourism literature. This study reflects the importance of local community to co-create place brands from a group perspective, taking into consideration. their roles, rights, responsibilities and relationships.

本研究探讨了地方社区在旅游共同创造中的作用。尽管内部利益相关者很重要, 但关于地方品牌与当地社区共同创造的过程, 考虑他们之间的相互联系和影响关系的研究却很缺乏。

一个古老的、风景如画的地方市场在品牌重塑的过程中被作为案例研究。研究涉及对市场商贩的10次访谈, 以了解他们对地方身份的看法, 他们对品牌共同创造的参与, 他们对这一过程的期望, 以及对这种共同创造结果的感知。此外, 还收集了公共信息作为二级数据来说明品牌重塑的过程。

供应商群体对市场品牌重塑的参与是有限的, 他们认为自己应该作为一个团体而不是个人更广泛地参与决策。然而, 他们对品牌重塑的结果感到满意, 这导致了地方感的延续和对新品牌的自豪采用。

本文探讨了一个地方市场中的供应商社区的背景。这一背景在旅游文献中几乎不值得关注。这项研究反映了当地社区从团体的角度共同创造地方品牌的重要性, 考虑到他们的角色、权利、责任和关系。

本研究提出, 除了居民之外, 当地社区也是地方品牌建设的重要内部利益相关者, 并建议召开小组会议, 让当地社区参与到共同创造的过程中。

Este estudio analiza el papel de la comunidad local en la cocreación turística. A pesar de la importancia de los grupos de interés internos, existe una carencia de investigaciones sobre el proceso de cocreación de la marca del lugar con la comunidad local, teniendo en cuenta sus interconexiones y relaciones de influencia.

Se utilizó como caso de estudio un antiguo y pintoresco mercado local en proceso de cambio de marca. La investigación incluyó 10 entrevistas con los vendedores del mercado para conocer su opinión sobre la identidad del lugar, su participación en la cocreación de la marca, sus expectativas sobre el proceso y los resultados percibidos de dicha cocreación. También se recogió información procedente de datos secundarios para ilustrar el proceso de cambio de marca.

La comunidad de vendedores tuvo una participación limitada en el cambio de marca del mercado y consideró que debería haber participado más ampliamente en las decisiones como grupo y no de forma individual. Sin embargo, su satisfacción con los resultados de la renovación de la marca condujo a la continuidad del sentido del lugar y a la adopción complacida de la nueva marca.

Este trabajo explora el contexto de una comunidad de vendedores en un mercado local. Este contexto ha recibido poca atención en la literatura turística. Este estudio refleja la importancia de la comunidad local para co-crear marcas de lugar desde una perspectiva de grupo, teniendo en cuenta sus roles, derechos, responsabilidades y relaciones.

Este estudio propone una mayor integración de las comunidades locales como importantes actores internos de la marca de lugar, además de los residentes, y sugiere la celebración de reuniones de grupo para implicar a la comunidad local en el proceso de cocreación.

This perspective study aims to discuss the inclusion of technology in hotels as a key driver of sustainability.

The paper covers literature and prospects the implementation of smart hotels as a tourism agenda to achieve sustainable development goals.

Smart hotels can provide a better and more efficient tourism service, in terms of operational tasks and sustainable gains, without losing critical human interaction, which can be a tactic to boost the hotel’s relationship with their customers.

The paper shows how smart hotels can increase business efficiency, and in addition, meet tourist expectations and become more sustainable. In this sense, smart and sustainable hotels deserve to be listed in tourism agenda 2030.

这篇观点文章讨论了将技术作为可持续发展的关键驱动因素纳入酒店。

本文涵盖文献和前景, 将智能酒店的实施作为实现可持续发展目标的旅游议程。

智能酒店可以在运营任务和可持续收益方面提供更好、更高效的旅游服务, 同时不会失去关键的人际互动, 这可以成为加强酒店与客户关系的一种策略。

本文展示了智能酒店如何提高业务效率, 此外, 满足游客的期望并变得更具可持续性。从这个意义上说, 智能和可持续发展的酒店值得列入 2030 年旅游议程。

El artículo analiza la bibliografía sobre hoteles inteligentes y su posibilidades de implantación como tema de la agenda turística para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible.

Este artículo de perspectiva analiza la inclusión de la tecnología en los hoteles como motor clave de la sostenibilidad.

Los hoteles inteligentes pueden proporcionar un servicio turístico mejor y más eficiente, en términos de tareas operativas y ganancias sostenibles, sin perder la crítica interacción humana que puede ser una táctica para impulsar la relación del hotel con sus clientes.

El documento muestra cómo los hoteles inteligentes pueden aumentar la eficiencia empresarial y, además, satisfacer las expectativas de los turistas y ser más sostenibles. En este sentido, los hoteles inteligentes y sostenibles merecen figurar en la agenda turística 2030.

It is important to design accessible destinations for disabled tourists. However, to attract this market segment, it is also important to efficiently communicate online the accessibility provided. This paper aims to analyse the online communication of physical accessibility conditions designed for disabled tourists, to discuss the existence or non-existence of a design–communication gap in tourist destinations.

The authors analysed the physical accessibility of a selection of touristic spots in Porto, Portugal. The online communication regarding the physical accessibility of these spots’ informative websites was also analysed. Subsequently, a content analysis of these same websites was conducted to ascertain whether accessibility conditions for disabled tourists are disclosed in line with the physical and online facilities observed.

The destination websites’ online contents targeting disabled tourists are generic and do not inform about all the accessible facilities provided by the touristic spots analysed.

The authors found a gap between the accessible destination design and its communication in destination websites. This situation creates a barrier for people with physical disabilities and it is particularly concerning, considering that this market segment seeks for information in online sources to plan trips and does not find on the internet all the information about the accessible facilities provided. This fact may hinder the positioning of destinations as inclusive places and impair accessible tourism competitiveness. A better online communication of the accessible destination design is recommended.

为残疾游客设计出无障碍旅游地是非常重要的。然而, 为了吸引这部分游客市场, 有效地在线宣传提供的无障碍条件也是非常重要的。本论文分析为残疾游客提供的无障碍设施的在线宣传, 以讨论旅游地是否存在设计-宣传差异。

本论文分析了葡萄牙波尔图城市游客景点的无障碍设施。本论文还分析了这些景点网站对于无障碍设施的描述。本论文采用文本分析方法, 对这些网站内容进行分析, 验证是否为残疾游客提供的无障碍设施如网上宣传介绍一直。

研究结果表明, 景点网站针对残疾游客的内容太过笼统, 并没有介绍景区提供的全部无障碍设施。

本论文展示了无障碍旅游地设计与其网站宣传之间的差异。这将对残疾人造成障碍, 尤其是那些通过在线信息来确立旅游计划的游客, 他们无法在网络上找到全部关于提供的无障碍设施的信息。这将阻碍景点定位为全包容性旅游目的地, 影响其无障碍旅游竞争力。本论文推荐无障碍景点设计应该有一个更好的在线宣传。

User-generated content and online reviews are highly relevant in purchase decision in the hospitality sector, including restaurants, but there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of sharing pictures in this context. This study aims to focus on the relevance of user-generated photos in online platforms for restaurants’ selection.

A research was conducted with a sample of 319 residents of Porto region, who had at least one meal in a restaurant over the 30 days before the answer of the survey and had searched online to select the restaurant.

The results show that while doing online research about restaurants, it is important for potential consumers to find pictures of food and physical evidences of restaurants generated by other users. Findings also show that consumers find user-generated photos especially at websites of reviews, although the importance of restaurant owned platforms, such as official social media pages and websites.

The research results appeal restaurant managers to understand the importance of user-generated photos in online platforms by promoting photo sharing in their restaurants with appropriate marketing activities for that purpose.

This paper expands the state-of-the-art about the importance of user-generated content, focusing on the importance of photos from restaurants shared by consumers in online platforms.

用户生成内容和在线评论, 与酒店行业, 包括饭店业中的购买决策是密不可分的。但是在这个研究领域里, 对于分享照片的影响力还尚未可知。本论文旨在研究在线平台中的用户生成照片对于饭店选择的影响。

本论文采用问卷采样形式, 问卷样本为在30天之内通过上网搜索选择饭店并且就餐至少一次的葡萄牙波尔图地区居民, 有效样本数量为319份。

人们在上网搜索饭店时, 找到食物图片和其他用户生成的有关饭店评论对于消费者决策有着至关重要的作用。本论文结果还表明, 尽管饭店运营的在线平台比如官方社交媒体网页和网站等很重要, 但是消费者在决策中最考虑的因素是那些评论型网站, 消费者会更倾向于找到用户生成的图片来帮助他们的消费决策。

本论文结果对于饭店管理者理解在线平台的用户生成图片的重要性有着很大的启示。本论文建议其管理者应该使用适当的营销手段来促使自己饭店的相关照片得到用户的分享。

本论文拓展了用户生成内容的现有认识, 研究了饭店照片被消费者分享到在线平台的重要性。

线上口碑效应 e-WOM、在线平台 、在线评论 、照片分享 、饭店管理 、社交媒体 、用户生成内容

研究论文

This paper identifies consumer reactions towards female empowerment in advertising in order to explore the supporting arguments for criticisms of lack of authenticity and the figuring of sexist stereotypes.

The authors conducted a multi-case study research with content analysis of 905 coded online comments in a video hosting website towards four femvertising campaigns.

Results indicate that femvertising plays an important role in the emotional connection between women and brands, but consumers may react negatively to femvertising when brands do not show knowledge about the real feminist values, maintaining sexist stereotypes. Consumers also blame companies of hypocrite and exploitation to sell products if there is not authenticity and brand-cause fit.

Femvertising appears as a consequence of cultural changes and corporate social responsibility in order to engage women consumers. This paper contributes with explanations to sustain the dichotomic reactions towards femvertising, showing evidence of why some people react favourably and other people react negatively.

This paper aims to analyse the prevalence of emotional and rational appeals in social advertising campaigns. There are studies about the effectiveness of these tones of appeals in social marketing, but there is no evidence about their prevalent use in social advertisements.

The authors conducted a content analysis of forty social advertisements promoting attitudes and behaviours regarding social causes. The selected ads were in video format and were extracted from the YouTube channels of Portuguese governmental and non-governmental organisations. The ads were coded according to the characteristics of each tone of appeals and classified as emotional, rational or a mix of both.

The authors classified 25 social ads as rational appeals, 8 as emotional and 7 as a mix of both appeals. The results of the research show that social marketers have preference for the use of rational tone in social advertising campaigns.

This study shows that there is a disruption between theory and practice in social marketing, considering the higher prevalence of rational appeals in contexts where theory recommends emotional appeals for higher effectiveness. This evidence is surprising, considering a previous study that evidenced a higher use of emotional appeals in advertising connected to social causes than in commercial advertisements. This paper focus on how practice may disrupt theory and explores possible reasons for the phenomenon.

The purpose of this paper is to examine health-related social advertisements to identify its use and evaluate its appropriateness to situational needs, such as epidemic dynamics and the context where it is implemented. The paper also discusses the barriers that policymakers face in creating these linkages.

In all, 375 national HIV/AIDS prevention television advertisements from France, Germany, Portugal and Italy were viewed and analyzed over time of production, exploring the sources, the target audiences and the messages delivered. This paper compares management choices with HIV epidemics in each country and their contextual profiles.

The findings of this paper indicate that social advertising concerned with HIV/AIDS prevention is commonly framed within public policies and does not usually target the most vulnerable and affected populations. Furthermore, social ads are reactive to epidemic dynamics. The existence of trade-offs between putting forward theoretical marketing recommendations and taking account of contextual fracturing issues or increasing stigma and discrimination are also considered.

This paper is useful for public sector management because of the importance of evaluating the investments done to improve future strategies. The discussion about restrictions and concerns for policy-makers is important to improve management decisions.

This paper suggests the adoption of proactive public policies and proposes strategies to overcome the restrictions or concerns faced by policy-makers.

This paper focuses on the analysis of fashion blog activity regarding brands under corporate crisis situations and discusses how these opinion leaders may be agents of corporate crisis management.

The authors analyzed four influential Portuguese fashion blogs regarding eight fashion brands that had experienced a corporate crisis situation. In total, five of the selected brands were mentioned in 2.846 posts of blog content, whose discourse was deeply analyzed.

The absence of express reference to brand crisis suggests that fashion bloggers tend to ignore these crisis events or divert the readers' attention to the brands' more positive aspects. This result opens the discussion whether fashion bloggers downplay corporate crisis in brand equity or whether it expresses strategies of brand crisis communication through digital influencers.

Though social media may be a source of negative word-of-mouth, social media influencers have been considered important partners of corporate crisis communication in particularly challenging times. Many studies have focused on the role of social media influencers in crisis management, but there was a dearth of research on the specific case of blogs. This study contributes to the understanding of fashion bloggers as agents of brand communication, particularly regarding crisis management and their role on brand activation and positive electronic word-of-mouth, even under crisis situations. This contribution paves the way for future research on whether this is a spontaneous phenomenon or the reflection of possible partnerships between companies and fashion bloggers for the management of corporate crisis situations in the context of fashion brands.

This study consolidates insights on the role of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in tourism engagement (TE). In addition, it suggests new directions for research in tourism and hospitality.

A hybrid integrative review was used with bibliometric and theory-context-characteristics-method framework analyses of 236 peer-reviewed journal articles.

Computer science journals dominate TE in VR/AR research. Emotional and immersive attributes of VR/AR sustain TE. Exploring cultural theories can enrich TE perspectives in the context of VR/AR. This study offers fruitful directions by exploring virtual technology’s role in sustaining cultural heritage and studying TE intentions and perceptions on VR/AR tourism mobile applications.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that uncovers the structure and intellectual rationale of existent research.

本研究整合了关于虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）在旅游参与（TE）中的作用的见解。此外, 本研究为旅游和酒店业的研究提供了新的方向。

本研究使用文献计量学和理论-背景-特征-方法（TCCM）框架分析, 采用混合综合审查方法, 分析了236篇同行评审的期刊文章

计算机科学期刊在VR/AR研究中主导了TE领域。VR/AR的情感和沉浸属性支持了TE。在VR/AR的背景下, 探索文化理论可以丰富TE的视角。本研究通过探讨虚拟技术在保护文化遗产方面的作用, 以及研究VR/AR旅游移动应用中的TE意图和感知, 提供了有益的研究方向。

这是第一项揭示现有研究结构和知识理论基础的研究。

Omnichannel implementation in retail requires business transformation and faces several operational barriers. This research discusses how omnichannel has been implemented, in a managerial perspective, and how integration of operations has overcome the identified transformative barriers.

The authors followed a multi-case study approach, with observation and interviews with managers of four big retail companies in Portugal.

The results suggest that retail companies have overcome the barriers to implement omnichannel models through the integration of information technology (IT), the accomplishment of organisational changes and the optimisation of customer feedback, achieving positive business indicators, namely increased sales.

The conclusions of the paper provide valuable information to help companies to design the process of channel's integration in order to overcome the transformative constraints of omnichannel. However, those conclusions emerge from Portuguese case studies of retail companies, and a generalised discussion should consider the contextual diversity of consumer expectations, cultural user experiences in retail and the maturity of digital transformation and omnichannel implementation stage in each country.

Previous studies had characterised the items of omnichannel retail, fulfilment processes, the benefits of channels' integration in customer experience, satisfaction and loyalty and had identified barriers for its implementation. Considering the existence of different stages of omnichannel implementation, this paper explores how retail companies increment omnichannel operations, overcome transformative barriers and achieve the omnichannel benefits, through the whole involvement of the organisation system, the customer approach and the business model, besides the technology integration.