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Protecting Against the Arctic Express. The Arctic Express blew through the northwest on December 18, 1990, giving the area its first White Christmas since 1965. It also managed to uproot a few thousand trees, knock down a few telephone poles, and make the sales of chains and snow tires skyrocket. Unfortunately, 60 mile per‐hour winds and below‐zero temperatures made the power go out around here, in some places for as much as a week.

You have just entered two pages of carefully‐composed material into your word processor when the lights in your office dim and the computer screen goes dark. A few minutes later, the lights come back on again and you restart your computer. As it grinds through its start‐up procedures you wonder whether it will behave normally or leave you with a serious repair problem. This time you are lucky and your normal applications are available. However, when you open your word processor and look at the file you were entering, you find that your last two pages are missing.

The authors suggest that there has been a militarisation of the Third World since the Second World War. This militarisation and consequent hostilities are a representation of the power structure of the present world system. While there may be a reduction in the direct hostilities between the superpowers this is made up for and played out in regional conflicts between Third World nations. Such conflicts are provisioned by military supplies from the west.

Employees have a statutory right to request a change to their working hours or conditions to enable them to care for children (so long as they meet certain criteria). The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 enables workers to claim that a requirement, such as to work on a full‐time basis, is discriminatory. There are no eligibility requirements for this argument although there is an evidentiary burden. The penalties for breach of the Sex Discrimination Act are greater than the new right. To what extent do the new Flexible Working Regulations provide a right to a change in working patterns, and what role remains for the Sex Discrimination Act?

The paper aims to explore the long-term prospects of mobile broadband adoption in a developing country. The supply-side and demand-side policy measures are recommended to counter the challenges to broadband adoption.

Methodologically, this study uses document analysis to explain secondary data including growth statistics, trade literature and previous scholarly research. Based on the growth statistics of broadband and the informed market insights, the research discusses the prevailing market threats and recommends counter measures to improve the long-term prospects of broadband propagation.

The growth of mobile broadband is settling down in Pakistan due to various barriers like cost, literacy, security and unavailability of local content. Collaborative efforts are required by the government, the service providers and the people to enhance the adoption of broadband service and secure economic benefits of the broadband.

The research offers useful implications for managers and policymakers in Asian and African developing countries; the policy measures discussed here may serve as guidelines for them in the design of their own policies regarding broadband supply and demand.

The study makes an effort to examine the broadband growth in a developing country on the basis of both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The research endeavors to fill the gap on the particular scholarship of research covering potential uptake of broadband services and the effects of constraining elements to broadband adoption in a developing country.

Storage systems are deemed to be unable to provide revenue commensurate with the resources invested in them, thus discouraging their incorporation within power networks. In prosumer microgrids, storage systems can provide revenue from reduced grid consumption, energy arbitraging or when serving as back-up power. This study aims to examine stacking these revenue streams with the aim of making storage systems financially viable for inclusion in prosumer microgrids.

With the aim of reducing self-consumption and maximising revenue, the prosumer microgrid incorporating hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) and solar PV power is solved using the CPLEX solver of the Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling Software (AIMMS). The financial analysis of the results is carried out to provide the payback periods of different system configurations of the prosumer microgrid.

The findings reveal that the payback period of the three HESS when minimising grid expenses during self-consumption alone and when compared with stacked revenue streams shows an improvement from 4.8–11.2 years to 2.4–6.6 years. With stacked HESS revenues, the supercapacitor-lithium ion battery HESS gave the shortest payback period of 2.31 years when solar PV power is at 75% penetration level.

Existing literature has considered revenue streams of storage systems at the electrical power transmission and distribution levels, but not for prosumer microgrids in particular. This study has captured these benefits and verified the profitability of stacking revenue from HESS to prosumer microgrids, using a case study.

The introduction of mobile telecommunication services in Nigeria led to the development of base transceiver stations (BTS) across the country. Inadequate power supply from the national grid has led to massive use of diesel-fueled back-up generators (BUGs). The purpose of this paper is to attempt to quantify and inform relevant stakeholders about air quality implications of BTS BUGs.

Seven major telecommunication network operators were identified. Emission factor approach was used to estimate the quantity of important air pollutants such as NO_x, CO, SO₂, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, PAH and TVOC that are emitted from the use of the BUGs based on fuel consumption rate and generators’ capacity. Fuel-based emission inventory and emission factor from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 and National Pollution Inventory were used to estimate pollutants emission from diesel-powered generators used in the BTS sites and amount of diesel consumed. Land distribution and per capita dose of the estimated pollutants load were calculated.

The study showed that the deployment of BUGs will lead to increase emissions of these air pollutants. The states that are most affected are Lagos, Kano and Oyo, Katsina and Akwa Ibom states with respective total air pollutants contribution of 9,539.61, 9,445.34, 8,276.46, 7,805.14 and 7,220.70 tonnes/yr.

This study has estimated pollutant emissions from the use of diesel-fueled BUGs in mobile telecommunications BTS sites in Nigeria. The data obtained could assist in policy making.

THE development of air transportation since World War II has been dramatic, consistently exceeding the predicted rate of expansion resulting from market surveys throughout the period. This has been at least partly due to the boost given to originality and inventiveness by a continually expanding market, and the present speed, comfort, reliability and economy of modern aircraft far surpass the wildest dreams of pioneers. At the time of writing there is no indication of a slackening off in the rate of progress, indeed, rather the reverse, and the scope for imaginative exploration in all areas of aircraft design and operation has never been so wide as at the present time.

Power conditioning measures are taken to ensure the supply of ‘clean’ electrical power for electrical and electronic installations. This article looks at the circumstances that create a need for power conditioning, with particular reference to library installations. The first part of the paper examines the causes and effects of power problems, treating some of the basic issues and problems associated with clean power, while the later sections focus on preventative measures and solutions to allow an installation to operate with clean power. Finally, the question of static electricity is briefly addressed and some protective measures are suggested.