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The purpose of this paper is to develop a new approach for equipment states prediction and provide a method for early warning of possible trouble states.

A new two-stage multi-level equipment state classification system was proposed to forecast equipment operation status. The first stage involves predicting the equipment's normal state, and the second stage involves forecasting the equipment's abnormal status. Meanwhile, the equipment state classification is done according to the manufacturing company's internal specifications to define various equipment statuses. Then, the trouble state and waiting state were predicted by grey state prediction model.

A new two-stage multi-level equipment status classification system and a new approach for equipment states prediction has been proposed in this paper.

The application on a real-world case shown that the model is very effective for predicting equipment state. The equipment's major failure risk can be reduced significantly.

The proposed approach can help improve the effective prediction of the equipment's various operation states and reduce the equipment's major failure risk and thus maintenance costs.

Electrospark deposition (ESD) attracts special attention from scientists and engineers because of its unique advantages. However, the ESD process has been carried out by hand up to the present. This prevents ESD from preparing complex curve/surface coatings owing to manual operation characteristics. To meet the coating precise preparation requirements for a lot of parts with complex surface from various industrial fields, this paper aims to obtain a new automatic ESD equipment, process and preparation methodology for complex surface coatings.

By designing a special deposition holder and re-programming programmable machine controller, an ESD power supply and a computer numerical control milling machine are integrated to obtain an electrospark-computer integrated deposition system (ES-CIDS). Then, based on the ES-CIDS, a new ESD process, named electrospark-computer numerical control deposition (ES-CNCD) is developed. Furthermore, complex surface coatings are depicted using non-uniform rational B-spline mathematical model and modeled in a special software developed via MATLAB. Finally, deposition programs for a complex coating are generated using golden section interpolation method, and transferred to and executed by the ES-CIDS to accomplish the preparation of the complex surface coating.

This paper demonstrates that it is possible and feasible to prepare complex surface coatings via an automatic ESD process (namely, ES-CNCD) precisely.

This paper can make automatic ESD process get more attention from scientific researchers and engineers, and promote the research of the ES-CNCD process/equipment.

The ES-CNCD process can be used in the manufacturing of complex surface coatings, and in the remanufacturing of complex shape parts.

The ES-CIDS/ES-CNCD can promote the development of related equipment and technology, and bring opportunities and employment to ESD industry.

This work prepares complex surface coatings precisely for the first time using a new automatic ESD process (ES-CNCD), which has wide application prospects in various industries.

This paper aims to propose an automatic coating and fastening robot (ACFR) of space solar module (SSM) to solar panel substrate.

Describes the detailed manufacturing process of space solar cell arrays (SSCA), and gives an ACFR for SSM. Designs an automatic coating and fastening mechanism and a control system. Furthermore, establishes the “zigzag”, the “umbrella” and the Voronoi‐based “ring” path models of the coating path using syringes.

The robot is effective for the bubble‐free manufacture of SSCA in nonvacuum environment. The robot with three coating path models can control the thickness of adhesive layer on the back of SSM, and the fastening force to the solar panel substrate with high productivity. The experimental results have proved the validity of this robot in the SSCA's manufacture.

The robot as a novel industrial equipment can improve the product quality and the reliability of SSCA to a certain extent.

The robot has potential applications in the SSCA assembly. It will change the traditional handworking status in the future.

Economics of surface coatings on metals are discussed with emphasis on surface preparation, especially when large scale coating operations are conducted. Relative cost and other parameters affecting the choice between manual and machine blasting are considered, including the area cost of surface preparation, health and safety factors, incidental pollution, and other variations. Advantages of high build surface and multi‐purpose primer application are related along with comparisons of cost between initial and manual recoating of structures after erection. Importance of proper coating maintenance is emphasised. Economic case histories are given, including large scale surface preparation of tank plates and piping, differences between sand abrasive and centrifugal blasting, factors related to intercoat adhesion, cost of Zn rich with epoxy or alkyd topcoats, and the high cost of repainting when scaffolding is necessary. Regulations on surface preparations, ecological controls, and safety are discussed. Two coat simplified systems are recommended, along with automatic and semiautomatic surface preparation when the size of the job makes either one possible. Tabulated data on area costs of various modes an locations for surface preparation and coating costs for various metal configurations are provided.

Geigy Co. Ltd. Stand 75. Diversified application of benzotriazole as a corrosion inhibitor specifically for copper and its alloys is the main theme of Geigy's stand.

The Annual Fall Symposium took place on 11–12 November, 1985, at the Marriott‐LAX Hotel, Los Angeles, focusing on the theme: ‘PC Technology: Materials, Processes and Requirements for Entry to the '90s’.

Accles & Pollock Ltd. of Oldbury, Worcestershire, a TI Steel Tube Division company, will be exhibiting a comprehensive range of precision steel tube and tubular products, including plain, annularly convoluted and thin wall tube, at Farnborough.

Making Fine Powders ‐ Extremely fine and uniform particles, of 5–50 nanometers, have been produced by a process being developed at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. Researchers have used the technique to synthesize new, highly dispersed catalysts with a high surface area. It offers a way to make other products which have improved properties: ceramic ball bearings and gears which are stronger and more durable than those available today, and pigments for paints and inks.

I am delighted that the fifth Corrosion and Metal Finishing Exhibition has been brought to Leeds and I congratulate the sponsors and exhibitors on their decision to stage this Exhibition in the heart of the industrial north.

Reducing Level of Alcohol in Inks ‐ A medium‐sized US ink manufacturer recently needed to reduce the level of alcohol in its bases for water‐based inks. Ciba Geigy Pigments Division's Inks Technical Centre developed an improved formulation, containing half the alcohol of the previous one and 40 per cent more pigment to allow the ink producer to meet VOC limits and increase production efficiency, at no additional cost.