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THE passenger seat in civil aircraft is an important piece of equipment. It is important, firstly because it is the one part of the aircraft with which the passenger is in intimate contact and, secondly, because of the bulk and multiplicity of installation in any aircraft, the aggregate weight constitutes a major portion of equipment weight.

Significance of attachment relationship to the development and impairments among children with autism has been studied. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the literature for studies completed on the attachment and assess the effect of autism on attachment development. Different moderators of attachment are also reviewed.

Systematic reviews were searched for in different databases to establish the necessity and relevance of the current paper. The last systematic review on the topic was published in 2004 so studies done after that year were searched for in electronic databases and experts on the filed were also contacted before choosing the ten studies selected for this review.

Attachment is present among children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), however not prevalent as in normally developing children. The security and organization of attachment behavior are affected by the severity of the diagnosis of Autism and the co-morbidities associated. Maternal sensitivity and insightfulness support the development of secure attachment in children with ASD while impairments in joint attention and symbolic play proved to be risk factors for insecurity and disorganization of attachment.

The review contributes to the relatively understudied topic of attachment behavior in autism spectrum disorders focussing on the influence brought to the bonding connection by different influencing factors like: mothers’ sensitivity, insightfulness and attachment style, parenting style and symbolic play levels.

Modern information systems are increasingly built on Web‐based and component‐based platforms. This raises the need for a service‐oriented infrastructure to simplify the management and procurement of corresponding components. Special focus lies on the deployment and distribution of such software artifacts within the context of the World Wide Web to promote their reuse and there‐fore to save development costs. At the same time, the integrity of the overall system must not be neglected. The use of components from third‐party vendors poses a potential security threat requiring additional care. Furthermore remains the issue of usage rights for the components and the data they provide. Flexible mechanisms can offer a huge range of different licensing models to be enforced on the runtime process. This paper presents an approach to deal with these challenges together with an implementation of a software system supporting component‐based Web portals.

In this article, we demonstrate how a tourist destination can transform itself into a tourism‐based transnational community. Inspired from two case studies, the Britons in Spain and the Quebecers in Florida, we propose a three‐phase model to explore the process the “touristification” of a transnational community. These phases are: the adoption of a tourist destination, the transformation of this destination into a tourism‐based transnational community, and the decline of the latter.

The trend towards higher density, higher frequency, higher power active devices in placing increasingly difficult demands on device packaging. Materials with high thermal conductivities are replacing the traditional ceramics in hermetic, high power packages, and MCM/ hybrid modules. Thermally enhanced plastic packages more frequently feature heat sinks embedded in the package for direct attachment of the power devices. Today's challenge in electronic packaging is to dissipate the heat from the source, the device itself, without affecting its electrical performance or reliability. The material directly contacting the device is the die attach medium. On lower power packages, the die bond line is not usually the highest thermal resistance in the thermal path. With highly conductive substrates and heat sinks, the die attach material now becomes the critical element directly in series with the highly conductive substrate. Fundamental limitations in thermal properties of about 3 W/mK exist in present‐day organic adhesives, primarily of the thermosetting type. This thermal conductivity (k) does not meet the current demands of thermally enhanced plastic laminate packages, MCMs, or direct die attach to heat spreaders or heat sinks. This paper describes the development, properties and application of electrically conductive thermoplastic adhesive pastes having thermal conductivity values as high as 35 W/mK, and able to produce thin, void‐free bond lines for maximum thermal transfer. The key material variables are isolated and evaluated for their impact of the k value. DOEs (design of experiments) were run to optimise the combination of the key variables, namely size/shape of the filler and the volume fraction to produce the highest k without sacrificing other functional properties such as adhesion. The effect of polymer chemistry (thermoset and thermoplastic) was also studied. The properties of the newly developed, enhanced conductivity thermoplastic adhesives are compared with other material technologies and examples of current applications reviewed.

The J‐6000 on‐line retrievable assembly was launched in Canada in May 1985, for both high and low pressure applications, and is a patented Caproco design. It was exhibited for the first time in Europe at the Offshore Europe 1985 Oil Show in Aberdeen.

Il est aujourd'hui établi que le tourisme exerce une influence importante dans l'économie régionale. Les points de vues divergent néanmoins lorsqu'il s'agit de définir ses effets réels. Malgré les progrès réalisés dans les diverses méthodes d'approche de la question, on compare souvent la recette touristique à un iceberg dont la plus grande partie est immergée et par conséquent invisible. Nous disposons malgré tout de suffisamment d'études à différents niveaux pour mesurer, dans des limites plus ou moins rigoureuses, la part importante, voire décisive et irremplaçable du tourisme dans un milieu donné. Il n'en demeure pas moins que le tourisme ne représente pas la solution magique par excellence ni le remède à tous les maux. Par ailleurs, un certain nombre de conditions sur les plans économique, financier et sociologique doivent être réunies pour assurer son succès à long terme. Elles tiennent notamment aux éléments naturels, à la cohérence de la planification et de l'aménagement du territoire, aux finances, et, en définitive aux mentalités, donc à l'information et à la formation professionnelle.

La mise en valeur régionale suppose un service d'études dans différents domaines.

Recent requirements for drive systems in robotic technology, mainly for their performance, performance and weight ratio, compactness with minimal internal structure and with the integration of main functional parts, lead to intensive application of new, non‐traditional solutions. One of the possible approaches to a non‐traditional solution of drive systems in robotic technology is the application of pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). The purpose of this paper is to review the designs and applications of the under‐pressure artificial muscle (UPAM) and the creation of non‐standard modules for robotic technology based on PAM.

Certain part of the disadvantages of an over‐pressure PAM can be solved by the use of an UPAM. As a performance output, UPAM principle guarantees linear movement along the axis with relevant traction force. This UPAM demonstration is evaluated as the drive in mechanic constructions.

Theoretical calculations, which have been performed, as well as experimental tests and evaluations of the model of this muscle have confirmed an agreement with theoretical relationships valid for PAM generally. The module TMPAM with lengthening action element is principally based on the change of input pressure energy, shape and volume change of action element into output mechanical (power, kinetic) energy. The analysis of the results of measurements (set of measurements, four samples of action element) of the given relationships allows to say that the tractive power F and the lift grow with the change of geometric arrangement of the action element in the box of the driving unit. The output parameters of the TMPAM can be regulated by the number of action elements integrated in the unit (creating two‐element and more‐elemnet parallel sets).

The UPAM maintains all advantages of the principle and recent constructions of the PAM, as well as lightness and compactness of the design. The results confirm that this construction principle of the translation modules is suitable mainly for small lifts, lower load and movements, where even, soft motion is required.

On the basis of author's own solutions of the underpressure artificial muscle (UPAM, original patent) and non‐traditional translation module (TMPAM, original design), the paper evaluates and generalizes the findings obtained from the use of PAM in robot construction.