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This paper aims to examine containership routing and speed optimization for maritime liner services. It focuses on a realistic case in which the transport demand, and consequently the collected revenue from the visited ports depend on the sailing speed.

The authors present an integer non-linear programming model for the containership routing and fleet sizing problem, in which the sailing speed of every leg, the ports to be included in the service and their sequence are optimized based on the net line's profit. The authors present a heuristic approach that is based on speed discretization and a genetic algorithm to solve the problem for large size instances. They present an application on a line provided by COSCO in 2017 between Asia and Europe.

The numerical results show that the proposed heuristic approach provides good quality solutions after a reasonable computation time. In addition, the demand sensitivity has a great impact on the selected route and therefore the profit function. Moreover, the more the demand is sensitive to the sailing speed, the higher the sailing speed value.

The vessel carrying capacity is not considered in an explicit way.

This paper focuses on an important aspect in liner shipping, i.e. demand sensitivity to sailing speed. It brings a novel approach that is important in a context in which sailing speed strategies and market volatility are to be considered together in network design. This perspective has not been addressed previously.

This paper aims to study the implication of the stochastic gross-profit-per-day objective on the ship profitability and the ship capacity and speed.

The paper has used the mathematical model and the solution methodology given by El Noshokaty, 2013, 2014, 2017a, 2017b, and SOS, 2019.

The paper finds that if the ship owner follows the rate concept and the cargo demand forecast, he can improve the profitability of his company and be able to select the proper capacities and speeds for the ships used.

The findings are not only useful for the shipping or other cargo transport companies but also for businesses like gas reservoir development, car assembly lines in the industry, cooperative farming and crop harvesting in agriculture, port cargo handling in trade and road paving in construction.

The contribution of this paper lies in notifying the ship owners of the possible profitability improvement and the consequences of building ships of larger capacities and slower speeds.

ALTHOUGH the University of Southampton has had an independent existence for ten years it has roots going back almost a century in the Hartley Institute. An early pioneer in aeronautics, F. W. Lanchester received his technical training in Southampton and the first of the new engineering buildings at the university has been called after him.

A ball is the main instrument in most outdoor games, and be it football, baseball, cricket, tennis or golf, the common aim is controlled flight in the air. Superficial considerations of the mechanics of a ball in free flight may suggest that the ball describes a simple arc with trajectory in one vertical plane. This rarely happens; it climbs, plunges, swerves laterally and even stalls. It seems to possess a will of its own which defeats most players of all games, yet when exploited by a master of any one of them is a thrill to watch, e.g. an in‐swinging corner‐kick landing in the net, a straight driven golf ball boring into the wind, a cricket ball bowled with late swerve, a tennis ball topping the net and diving to the court, to list but a few. For these things to happen some complex force must act on the ball. This force, since it can come only from the air, is an aerodynamic force. Many learned papers have been written on rotating cylinders and spheres but few of them can be understood by an intelligent layman. It is the purpose of this article to explain in a simple way how this force comes about.

TO all our readers we can wish a happy and prosperous New Year with greater confidence than usual that the coming months will translate the familiar hope into reality. The reason for that optimism is National Productivity Year. There is growing evidence that the public understands and appreciates its central theme. Naturally the official Guildhall opening attracted wide publicity. Since then it has been reinforced through the addresses given by prominent personalities at meetings up and down the country; meetings which will continue and build up a favourable climate in industry.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a competitive evolutionary process we call “innovation overshooting” that has been observed in equipment-based sports, using windsurfing as a case study.

The case-study approach is based upon primary data gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with pioneers of the case-study sport and through analysis of international and domestic industry publications and grey literature.

New sports, in particular equipment-based “lifestyle” sports, can experience a rapid rise in popularity but eventually technology-driven competition leads to equipment overshooting the capabilities and financial budgets of most users. This Schumpeterian market process leads to a rapid decline in participation and the eventual collapse of the market for the sport’s equipment.

Models of endogenous overshooting are established in the study of finance and business cycles, and have recently been extended to the music and design industry. The authors extend this to the sports equipment sector finding clear evidence of evolutionary competitive technological and market overshooting.

In the continuing endeavour to work towards ever better management, the project manager has a crucial role to play. This monograph assesses the requirements of project management in terms of training and experience, demonstrates what sort of person the project manager should be, and also the role that should be played by the project team. In order to illustrate the manner in which the essential qualities in both the project manager and his team are displayed in action a number of completed projects worldwide are reviewed. Both successful projects and disastrous projects are used to demonstrate the way in which the problems encountered in real life can be met and overcome. In conclusion both the prospects and the problems that the future may hold for the project manager are assessed.

Users of geographic information systems (GIS) often need immediate access to current data and information for proper analysis of GIS data. In the past, datasets were captured by an organisation to serve specific purposes and were mainly used by specialists within that organisation. The capturing of datasets represents substantial investments for each organisation to maintain specialised GIS databases, and results in exorbitant levels of duplication. The high cost involved in data capturing and the lack of efficient access to existing digital data stress the importance of finding alternatives to enhance GIS data sharing on a national scale. Although this need for data sharing exists, some issues limit the ability to share. However, the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW) provides a breakthrough alternative to data sharing. This paper outlines the limitations of traditional data sharing techniques and proposes a solution to data sharing via the web.

Interstellar gas passing through the solar system may effect the interplanetary gas, planetary atmospheres and satellite orbits. Interaction of the interstellar and interplanetary gases is considered; a solar system corona may be formed.

From when we, as humans, first lashed a pointed stone to a split straight stick to make a more effective spear for hunting to now when we fasten and bond ablative ceramic tiles to the frail metal skin of the Space Shuttle to allow safe re‐entry from manned excursions into space, joining has been a pragmatic, albeit critically important, fabrication process. As we move beyond the Industrial Age to the ages of Information Technology, Nanotechnology, and Biotechnology, joining must move from a secondary process for manufacturing objects or articles from pre‐synthesized and pre‐shaped materials to a primary process for combining materials into fundamental structures as these structures and even materials are being synthesized; where the boundary between the materials and the structure becomes blurred. This paper attempts to catch a glimpse of the future where joining comes of age to become an enabling technology practiced as much or more by technicians or physicians than as a trade practiced by helmeted welders or hard‐hatted riveters.