Search results

The purpose of this study was to examined the health effects of raw and cooked aqueous and methanol extracts of Vigna unguiculata on kidney function in Wistar rats.

Thirty-six Wistar rats (weighing 160 ± 10 g) were randomly assigned into nine (9) groups (n = 4). Group I (control): no extract. Groups II and III (aqueous extract of the cooked 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). Groups IV and V (methanol extracts of cooked 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). Groups VI and VII (methanol extracts of raw 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). Groups VIII and IX (aqueous extract of raw 350 mg/kg and 550 mg/kg). After the seventh day of the trial, the rats were euthanized with chloroform, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.

Results showed that the doses applied for cooked and raw V. unguiculata significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced kidney functions by increasing the body weight, glucose level, concentration of serum urea, creatinine, total protein, potassium and chloride in test groups compared with control. The packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations of raw aqueous extract at 550 mg/kg (36.5 ± 5.1; 12.3 ± 2.8) were significantly (p = 0.001) higher (29.8 ± 11.8; 10.3 ± 3.9) than the 350 mg/kg dose of the same extract, and cooked aqueous extract at 350 mg/kg dose was significantly (p = 0.001) higher (28.0 ± 10.1; 9.3 ± 3.4) than that of 550 mg/kg (25.8 ± 4.9; 8.8 ± 3.9) dose of the extracts.

The nutritional content of V. unguiculata potentially can augment the nutritional content of a diet and to a large extent, the regular consumers’ health. Essentially, V. unguiculata is composed of both macro and micronutrients capable of promoting normal kidney function.

The purpose of this study is to extract and characterize a novel natural dye from the leaves of Lannea coromandelica and the extraction with finding ways of dyeing cotton fabric using three mordants.

The colouring agents were extracted from the leaves of Lannea coromandelica using an aqueous extraction method. The extract was characterized using analysis methods of pH, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and cyclic voltammetry measurement. The extract was applied to cotton fabric samples using a non-mordant and three mordants under the two mordanting methods. The dyeing performance of the extracted colouring agent was evaluated using colour fastness properties, colour strength (K/S) and colour space (CIE Lab).

The aqueous dye extract showed reddish-brown colour, and its pH was 5.94. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the dye extract from the leaves of Lannea coromandelica contained active chemical compounds. The UV-vis and FTIR analyses found that groups influenced the reddish-brown colour of the dye extraction. The cyclic voltammetry measurements discovered the electrochemical properties of the dye extraction. The mordanted fabric samples showed better colour fastness properties than the non-mordanted fabric sample. The K/S and CIE Lab results indicate that the cotton fabric samples dyed with mordants showed more significant dye affinities than non-mordanted fabric samples.

Researchers have never discovered that the Lannea coromandelica leaf extract is a natural dye for cotton fabric dyeing. The findings of this study showed that natural dyes extracted from Lannea coromandelica leaf could be an efficient colouring agent for use in cotton fabric.

Adsorption parameters (e.g. Langmuir constant, mass transfer coefficient and Thomas rate constant) are involved in the design of aqueous-media adsorption treatment units. However, the classic approach to estimating such parameters is perceived to be imprecise. Herein, the essential features and performances of the ant colony, bee colony and elephant herd optimisation approaches are introduced to the experimental chemist and chemical engineer engaged in adsorption research for aqueous systems. Key research and development directions, believed to harness these algorithms for real-scale water treatment (which falls within the wide-ranging coverage of the Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) ‘Clean Water and Sanitation for All’), are also proposed. The ant colony, bee colony and elephant herd optimisations have higher precision and accuracy, and are particularly efficient in finding the global optimum solution. It is hoped that the discussions can stimulate both the experimental chemist and chemical engineer to delineate the progress achieved so far and collaborate further to devise strategies for integrating these intelligent optimisations in the design and operation of real multicomponent multi-complexity adsorption systems for water purification.

The purpose of this study is to prepare Polystyrene grafted with Zeolite Y (Zeosty) for Uranyl ion [U(VI)] adsorption from aqueous solution. The adsorption mechanism has been explained by studying kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic models.

Polystyrene was grafted with Zeosty by a simple hydrothermal technique. Zeosty was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray and Infrared spectroscopy to confirm its structure and its molecular composition. Zeosty was used for U(VI) adsorption from an aqueous solution in a series of batch experiments. The effects of pH, contact time, initial U(VI) concentration and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated.

The results showed that the adsorption of U(VI) on the prepared reached equilibrium at pH 6 with a removal efficiency of 98.9%. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms models are studied on the experimental data to estimate the mechanism of the adsorption reaction was chemisorption and homogenous reaction. The activity of Zeosty increased at high temperatures, resulting in the adsorption capacity increase. Thermodynamic parameters ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo indicate that the adsorption processes are spontaneous and endothermic. Zeosty has an effective surface and could be considered a valuable adsorbent for U(VI) removal from aqueous waste. A comparison study proves that the new adsorbent has high effective behavior in the adsorption process, and it is considered a new reliable adsorbent for U(VI) removal from wastewater.

This study is complementary to the previous study using the same technique to prove that the effective fine particle adsorbents need solid support to enhance their absorption capacities.

This study aims to synthesize Prussian blue {Fe^III₄[Fe^II(CN)₆]₃} pigment by reacting ferric chloride with different ferrocyanides through the same procedure. The influence of the ferrocyanide used on resulting pigment properties is studied.

Prussian blue is commonly synthesized by direct or indirect methods, through iron salt and ferrocyanide/ferricyanide reactions. In this study, the direct, single-step process was pursued by dropwise addition of the ferrocyanide into ferric chloride (both as aqueous solutions). Two batches – (K-PB) and (Na-PB) – were prepared by using potassium ferrocyanide and sodium ferrocyanide, respectively. The development of pigment was confirmed by an identification test and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Pigment properties were determined, and light fastness was observed for acrylic emulsion films incorporating dispersed pigment.

The two pigments differed mainly in elemental detection owing to the dissimilar ferrocyanide being used; IR spectroscopy where only (Na-PB) showed peaks indicating water molecules; and bleeding tendency where (K-PB) was water soluble whereas (Na-PB) was not. The pigment exhibited remarkable blue colour and good bleeding resistance in several solvents and showed no fading in 24 h of light exposure though oil absorption values were high.

This article is a comparative study of Prussian blue pigment properties obtained using different ferrocyanides. The dissimilarity in the extent of water solubility will influence potential applications as a colourant in paints and inks. K-PB would be advantageous in aqueous formulations to confer a blue colour without any dispersing aid but unfavourable in systems where other coats are water-based due to their bleeding tendency.

In line with current research efforts to develop eco-friendly strategies for corrosion mitigation, the purpose of this study is to appraise the anti-corrosion potential of selected amino acids on magnesium corrosion in sodium chloride solutions.

The corrosion inhibition of magnesium in aqueous solutions in the presence of benign, eco-friendly and readily available amino acids (alanine, arginine, histidine, lysine, proline) were evaluated using electrochemical methods.

Amino acids suppressed magnesium corrosion rate in aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The order of inhibition efficiency (%IE) was as follows: alanine < arginine < histidine < lysine < proline. The open circuit potential shift with respect to the blank was less than 0.085 V_SCE, indicating that the amino acids are mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. In addition, the %IE of the amino acids was inversely proportional to the molecular weight. The results obtained indicate that the amino acids can serve as sustainable eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for magnesium with the best inhibition efficiency attributed to proline with an efficiency of 85.1%.

New information on the application of amino acids as green sustainable corrosion inhibitors is provided herein.

This paper aims to investigation of processes for Pb²⁺ elimination from water/wastewater as a significant public health issue in many parts of world. The removal of Pb²⁺ ions by various nanocomposites has been explained from water/wastewaters. ZnO-based nanocomposites, as eco-friendly nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties, have received increased attention to remove Pb²⁺ ions from water/wastewaters.

In this review, different ZnO-based nanocomposites were reviewed for their application in the removal of Pb²⁺ ions from the aqueous solution, typically for wastewater treatment using methodology, such as adsorption. This review focused on the ZnO-based nanocomposites for removing Pb²⁺ ions from water and wastewaters systems.

The ZnO-based nanocomposite was prepared by different methods, such as electrospinning, hydrothermal/alkali hydrothermal, direct precipitation and polymerization. Depending on the preparation method, various types of ZnO-based nanocomposites like ZnO-metal (Cu/ZnO, ZnO/ZnS, ZnO/Fe), ZnO-nonmetal (PVA/ZnO, Talc/ZnO) and ZnO-metal/nonmetal (ZnO/Na-Y zeolite) were obtained with different morphologies. The effects of operational parameters and adsorption mechanisms were discussed in the review.

The findings may be greatly useful in the application of the ZnO-based nanocomposite in the fields of organic and inorganic pollutants adsorption.

The present study is novel, because it investigated the morphological and structural properties of the synthesized ZnO-based nanocomposite using different methods and studied the capability of green-synthesized ZnO-based nanocomposite to remove Pb²⁺ ions as water contaminants.

The current review can be used for the development of environmental pollution control measures.

This paper reviews the rapidly developing field of nanocomposite technology.

Bisphosphonate (BP) medications can be applied to prohibit the damage of bone density and the remedy of bone illnesses such as osteoporosis. As the metal chelating of phosphonate groups are nearby large with six O atoms possessing the high negative charge, these compounds are active toward producing the chelated complexes through drug design method. BP agents have attracted much attention for the clinical treatment of some skeletal diseases depicted by enhancing of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.

In this work, it has been accomplished the CAM-B3LYP/6–311+G(d, p)/LANL2DZ to estimate the susceptibility of SWCNT for adsorbing alendronate, ibandronate, neridronate and pamidronate chelated to two metal cations of 2Mg²⁺, 2Ca²⁺, 2Sr²⁺ through nuclear magnetic resonance and thermodynamic parameters. Therefore, the data has explained that the feasibility of using SWCNT and BP agents becomes the norm in metal chelating of drug delivery system which has been selected through alendronate → 2X, ibandronate → 2X, neridronate → 2X and pamidronate → 2X (X = Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺/Sr²⁺) complexes.

The thermodynamic results have exhibited that the substitution of 2Ca²⁺ cation by 2Sr²⁺ cation in the structure of bioactive glasses can be efficient for treating vertebral complex fractures. However, it has been observed the most fluctuation in the Gibbs free energy for BPs → 2Sr²⁺ at 300 K. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation has resulted by increasing the dielectric constant in the aqueous medium can enhance the stability and efficiency of BP drugs for preventing the loss of bone density and treating the osteoporosis.

According to this research, by incorporation of chelated 2Mg²⁺, 2Ca²⁺ and 2Sr²⁺ cations to BP drugs adsorbed onto (5, 5) armchair SWCNT, the network compaction would increase owing to the larger atomic radius of Sr²⁺ cation rather than Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, respectively.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical-economic process efficiency of obtaining simultaneous lipo-soluble (LSF) and water-soluble (WSF) fractions from annatto seeds.

The batches of annatto seeds were submitted to the refrigerated solid-liquid extraction process in four stages: pre-extraction, aqueous extraction, separation by decantation and filtration. After that, LSF and WSF from annatto seeds were obtained. The process efficiency and the quality of LSF and WSF were analyzed in terms of average yield and bioactive compounds (bixin, norbixin, phenolics and flavonoids) and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, they were economically evaluated in terms of costs of manufacturing and profitability parameters.

The process was efficient in terms of overall average yield (LSF = 8.68% and WSF = 2.76%) (w/w) and in terms of quality, mainly with higher average yields of bixin (82.34% in LSF) and norbixin (29.59% in WSF) (w/w). The concentration of bioactive compounds in the fractions promoted an increase in inhibiting free radicals (DPPH* and ABTS*+) and in the ferric-reducing power (FRAP). LSF showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.06 mg mL-1 for S. aureus and 0.13 mg mL-1 for S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. The lowest manufacturing costs were obtained for the LSF due to its higher extraction yield compared to the WSF. Plants on an industrial scale of 100 and 1000 L were considered economically viable, with a return on investment of 5 and 2 years.

Thus, fractions (WSF and LSF) can be applied as natural additives, as sources of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical, and in the development of other innovative processes. These results have practical applicability for pharmaceutical and food industry.

1. Green processing of annatto seeds obtains fractions rich in antioxidant compounds.

2. Efficiently presents a high yield of bixin and other bioactive compounds.

3. Effective in concentrating compounds that inhibit microbial growth.

4. Fractions are more accessible sources of bioactive compounds for isolation.

5. Cost of manufacturing (COM) and profitability are studied.

Green processing of annatto seeds obtains fractions rich in antioxidant compounds.

Efficiently presents a high yield of bixin and other bioactive compounds.

Effective in concentrating compounds that inhibit microbial growth.

Fractions are more accessible sources of bioactive compounds for isolation.

Cost of manufacturing (COM) and profitability are studied.

This paper aims to examine the thermal transmission and entropy generation of hybrid nanofluid filled containers with solid body inside. The solid body is seen as being both isothermal and capable of producing heat. A time-dependent non-linear partial differential equation is used to represent the transfer of heat through a solid body. The current study’s objective is to investigate the key properties of nanoparticles, external forces and particular attention paid to the impact of hybrid nanoparticles on entropy formation. This investigation is useful for researchers studying in the area of cavity flows to know features of the flow structures and nature of hybrid nanofluid characteristics. In addition, a detailed entropy generation analysis has been performed to highlight possible regimes with minimal entropy generation rates. Hybrid nanofluid has been proven to have useful qualities, making it an attractive coolant for an electrical device. The findings would help scientists and engineers better understand how to analyse convective heat transmission and how to forecast better heat transfer rates in cutting-edge technological systems used in industries such as heat transportation, power generation, chemical production and passive cooling systems for electronic devices.

Thermal transmission and entropy generation of hybrid nanofluid are analysed within the enclosure. The domain of interest is a square chamber of size L, including a square solid block. The solid body is considered to be isothermal and generating heat. The flow driven by temperature gradient in the cavity is two-dimensional. The governing equations, formulated in dimensionless primitive variables with corresponding initial and boundary conditions, are worked out by using the finite volume technique with the SIMPLE algorithm on a uniformly staggered mesh. QUICK and central difference schemes were used to handle convective and diffusive elements. In-house code is developed using FORTRAN programming to visualize the isotherms, streamlines, heatlines and entropy contours, which are handled by Tecplot software. The influence of nanoparticles volume fraction, heat generation factor, external magnetic forces and an irreversibility ratio on energy transport and flow patterns is examined.

The results show that the hybrid nanoparticles concentration augments the thermal transmission and the entropy production increases also while the augmentation of temperature difference results in a diminution of entropy production. Finally, magnetic force has the significant impact on heat transfer, isotherms, streamlines and entropy. It has been observed that the external magnetic force plays a good role in thermal regulations.

Hybrid nanofluid is a desirable coolant for an electrical device. Various nanoparticles and their combinations can be analysed. Ferro-copper hybrid nanofluid considered with the help of prevailing literature review. The research would benefit scientists and engineers by improving their comprehension of how to analyses convective heat transmission and forecast more accurate heat transfer rates in various fields.

Due to its helpful characteristics, ferrous-copper hybrid nanofluid is a desirable coolant for an electrical device. The research would benefit scientists and engineers by improving their comprehension of how to analyse convective heat transmission and forecast more accurate heat transfer rates in cutting-edge technological systems used in sectors like thermal transportation, cooling systems for electronic devices, etc.

Entropy generation is used for an evaluation of the system’s performance, which is an indicator of optimal design. Hence, in recent times, it does a good engineering sense to draw attention to irreversibility under magnetic force, and it has an indispensable impact on investigation of electronic devices.

An efficient numerical technique has been developed to solve this problem. The originality of this work is to analyse convective energy transport and entropy generation in a chamber with internal block, which is capable of maintaining heat and producing heat. Effects of irreversibility ratio are scrutinized for the first time. Analysis of convective heat transfer and entropy production in an enclosure with internal isothermal/heat generating blocks gives the way to predict enhanced heat transfer rate and avoid the failure of advanced technical systems in industrial sectors.