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1 – 10 of 444
Article
Publication date: 2 January 2018

Isabel C.H. Clare, Kelly A. Wade, Sorcha Bolton, Adam P. Wagner, Tatsiana Steven and Anthony J. Holland

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which, in the five integrated community teams for adults with learning disabilities (CTLDs) in an English county-wide…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which, in the five integrated community teams for adults with learning disabilities (CTLDs) in an English county-wide service, the use of psychotropic medication for service users was based on the presence of an appropriate mental health condition or epilepsy.

Design/methodology/approach

Adult participants were recruited following referral to one of the CTLDs for assessment, treatment and/or support of a possible mental health and/or behavioural need. Data were collected about participant characteristics and psychotropic medication 12 months after recruitment.

Findings

While a total of 42 (78 per cent) of the 54 participants were apparently prescribed regular or PRN (as required) psychotropic medication, only 24 (57 per cent) of these individuals had a recorded past or current mental health condition or epilepsy for which such medicine could be appropriate.

Research limitations/implications

There were several limitations: the sample size was small and its representativeness was uncertain; and data collection was compromised by barriers to explicit knowledge exchange within and across the learning disability service.

Practical implications

While recent guidance about the use of psychotropic medication is welcome, minimising inappropriate use requires more comprehensive person-centred interventions (including crisis management plans), underpinned by imaginative, but feasible, data collection methods and integrated formulations. Investment is needed in developments that support multi-disciplinary and inter-agency working to promote “good practice” by CTLDs in responding to referrals for possible mental health and/or behavioural needs.

Originality/value

Complementing recent large studies of primary care (General Practitioner) records, this is the first examination of the use of psychotropic medication by service users in English CTLDs.

Article
Publication date: 17 May 2019

Isabel C.H. Clare, Kelly A. Wade, Nadine Ranke, Sarah Whitson, Alison Lillywhite, Elizabeth Jones, SallyAnne Broughton, Adam Wagner and Anthony J. Holland

While “generic” community teams for adults with learning disabilities (CTs) are well-established in the UK, very little recent evidence is available about any aspect of their…

Abstract

Purpose

While “generic” community teams for adults with learning disabilities (CTs) are well-established in the UK, very little recent evidence is available about any aspect of their work. As part of a larger project about the role, structure and functioning of CTs, the purpose of this paper is to provide data about referrals.

Design/methodology/approach

Over three months, the authors obtained data about 270 consecutive new referrals to five CTs in a countywide integrated health (NHS) and care management (local authority) service.

Findings

The 270 referrals related to 255 individuals, mainly already service users, with almost a third (30 per cent, n=204) described as people with severe or profound disabilities. Consistent with the reported living arrangements (residential accommodation or with one or more family members (87 per cent, n=270)), referrals were most often made by social care staff, General Practitioners or carers. The referrals related to a wide range of issues including mental health and/or behavioural needs, physical health and skills, and independence. The major group, however, were requests about a person’s entitlement to specialist learning disability services and/or reviews of an existing social care package.

Research limitations/implications

The focus on new referrals and the exclusion of intra-team referrals mean that the data are not representative of a CT’s caseload and cannot be used as a basis for resourcing. Nevertheless, the findings emphasise the heterogeneity of the population, and the long-term and varied nature of their needs, meaning that CTs require access to a range of expertise and, often, an inter-agency approach. The implications for service design are considered.

Originality/value

This is the first empirical study of referrals to specialist integrated (health and care management) community learning disabilities teams in England.

Details

Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 21 July 2010

Gregory O'Brien, John Taylor, William Lindsay, Anthony Holland, Derek Carson, Lesley Steptoe, Karen Price, Claire Middleton and Jessica Wheeler

This study was carried out as part of a larger study commissioned by the UK Department of Health to investigate the service pathways for offenders with learning disabilities (LD)…

Abstract

This study was carried out as part of a larger study commissioned by the UK Department of Health to investigate the service pathways for offenders with learning disabilities (LD). The study covered three health regions in the UK and included 477 people with LD referred to services because of antisocial or offending behaviour during a 12‐month period. Data were collected concerning demographic, individual, offending behaviour and service characteristics. The findings of the study are broadly consistent with contemporary research concerning this population, particularly in relation to the nature and frequency of offending, history of offending, psychopathology, age and gender distribution. However, very few of those referred had any form of structured care plan, despite having significant offending histories, and this may have compromised early identification of their needs and communication between the health, social and other services involved.

Details

Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2042-0927

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 10 December 2009

William Lindsay, Anthony Holland, John Taylor, Amanda Michie, Marie Bambrick, Gregory O'Brien, Derek Carson, Lesley Steptoe, Clare Middleton, Karen Price and Jessica Wheeler

Several studies have related diagnostic information and adversity in childhood to criminal careers and risk of recidivism. Notably, ADHD and conduct disorder in childhood…

161

Abstract

Several studies have related diagnostic information and adversity in childhood to criminal careers and risk of recidivism. Notably, ADHD and conduct disorder in childhood, schizophrenia, sexual abuse and physical abuse have been associated with offences in adulthood. This study investigates these variables in relation to large cohorts of offenders with learning disabilities. A case note review was undertaken for 126 individuals referred but not accepted into forensic learning disability services and 197 individuals accepted for such services. Results are reported on diagnostic information and experience of adversity in childhood. ADHD/conduct disorder featured prominently in both groups. Autistic spectrum disorders were not particularly over‐represented. For adversity in childhood, general socioeconomic deprivation featured prominently in both groups. This also increased significantly for those accepted into services. Sexual abuse and non‐accidental injury were featured at around 13‐20% for both groups. These results are broadly consistent with the mainstream literature on offending, ADHD/conduct disorder and general deprivation featuring significantly in all groups and rising for those accepted into offender services. It is important to deal with these aspects during assessment and to provide appropriate psychotherapeutic services for these individuals.

Details

Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, vol. 3 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-0180

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 June 2015

Marcus Redley, Sally Jennings, Anthony Holland and Isabel Clare

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain what efforts Adult Safeguarding Leads (ASLs), generic advocates, and Independent Mental Capacity Advocates are making to involve service…

1597

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain what efforts Adult Safeguarding Leads (ASLs), generic advocates, and Independent Mental Capacity Advocates are making to involve service users in decisions about protective measures, and to investigate whether the Adult Safeguarding service is delivering outcomes, which are valued by its users.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews with a sample of key stakeholders.

Findings

ASLs are making efforts to involve service users in the complex and demanding process of safeguarding. These efforts, however, are shaped by their understandings of the difference between “residential” and “community” settings.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based in a single County Council, albeit in a large county, and involves a limited number of service users.

Practical implications

Clarification is needed of what it may mean to adopt a person-centred approach to adult safeguarding, and the responsibilities of ASLs when individuals with capacity to make decisions about this aspect of their lives are unwilling to engage with the safeguarding process.

Originality/value

The findings improve the understanding of how ASLs understand their responsibilities towards the users of their services and endeavour to involve them in the adult safeguarding process. Based on this understanding, those with responsibility for managing Adult Safeguarding services should be better able to support improvements in professional practice.

Details

The Journal of Adult Protection, vol. 17 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1466-8203

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 May 2019

Gertrud Buchenrieder, Josephine Nguefo Gnilachi and Emmanuel Olatunbosun Benjamin

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of microcredit on per capita income of farm households in Cameroon. It discusses short- and long-term implications of access to…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of microcredit on per capita income of farm households in Cameroon. It discusses short- and long-term implications of access to microcredit on income poverty.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors interviewed rural households with agriculture being either their first or second income-creating activity. All sampled households are clients of a Cameroonian village bank. The authors used a balanced panel with a treatment and a control group, the latter not having had a village bank microcredit yet. The results were reaffirmed using bootstrapping.

Findings

This paper argues that microcredit has had a significant positive impact on per capita income in the short run, but the long-term effect was negative, albeit not significant. In the long run, absolute income poverty had further decreased in the treatment group, however, not as much as in the control group. Because the treatment group had been shifting back to the informal financial sector and had diverted part of the microcredit for consumption, this may have led to lower marginal income effects. Productivity of credit financed inputs by the treatment group remained constant, which also explains why the treatment group fell back over time.

Research limitations/implications

The balanced panel data set was relatively small due to attrition over time. This was accounted for using bootstrapping. Nevertheless, research results must be interpreted with care. Furthermore, the discussion is not exhaustive.

Practical implications

Despite tremendous methodological advancements regarding the impact analysis of microcredit on income poverty, findings remain controversial and inconsistent. Frequently, fungibility is a confounding issue. Microcredit policy ought to consider more long-term effects.

Originality/value

There is much discourse amongst development economists about the impact of microcredit on poverty. Research based on panel data may clarify some of the controversial issues. This research paper uses a rather unique panel data set from Cameroonian farm households that are clients of a private sector village bank. The issue of sample size limitation is dealt with using bootstrapping. The authors base the empirical analysis on a comprehensive and theoretically founded economic farm household model.

Details

Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 79 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-1466

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 April 2018

Machel Anthony Emanuel, Andre Yone Haughton and K’adamawe K’nife

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of legislative amendments to the Dangerous Drugs Act in 2015 and the establishment of a Cannabis Licensing Authority (CLA) in…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of legislative amendments to the Dangerous Drugs Act in 2015 and the establishment of a Cannabis Licensing Authority (CLA) in Jamaica as the first Caribbean country to decriminalize cannabis and attempt to establish a medical cannabis industry. The research also attempts to understand the perception of key industry players and interest groups to the existing regulatory framework in Jamaica.

Design/methodology/approach

The research reviews local and global trends, the developments in cannabis legislation and conducts questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews to get feedback from key industry stakeholders and interest groups.

Findings

The findings suggest that there is a lack of confidence in the CLA in Jamaica, who are faced with the task of balancing the emerging medical cannabis industry and formalizing the existing illegal cannabis trade. There appears to be inconsistencies and lack of coordination between the associated ministries, departments and agencies. The CLA in Jamaica has established two separate cannabis models that appear to be incoherent in their approach to policy. On the one hand they are regulating cultivation, processing and supply, and on the other hand, the law remains unclear about the purchase or consumption of cannabis and its by-products.

Practical implications

Countries must learn from Jamaica’s experience if they wish to effectively establish a medical cannabis industry and legitimize existing illegal cannabis economic activities. These countries must ensure they tailor fit the approach of their CLAs to minimize any negative perception from industry players. Laws established to facilitate linkages from the cultivation to processing to packaging to transportation to retail must also include clear laws surrounding the purchase and consumption of cannabis. Jamaica has a far way to go and must continue to learn from other countries and states, for example, Holland, Spain and Uruguay, while at the same time learning from itself.

Originality/value

This paper is novel as it addresses the transition of the legislative process in Jamaica. It also serves as lesson for other countries that seek to engage in the development of their cannabis industries.

Details

Drugs and Alcohol Today, vol. 18 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1745-9265

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 2004

Christianne V.D.R. Anderson and Kumar K. Tamma

We first provide an overview of some predominant theoretical methods currently used for predicting thermal conductivity of thin dielectric films: the equation of radiative…

2789

Abstract

We first provide an overview of some predominant theoretical methods currently used for predicting thermal conductivity of thin dielectric films: the equation of radiative transfer, the temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity theories based on the Callaway model, and the molecular dynamics simulation. This overview also highlights temporal and spatial scale issues by looking at a unified theory that bridges physical issues presented in the Fourier and Cattaneo models. This newly developed unified theory is the so‐called C‐ and F‐processes constitutive model. This model introduces the notion of a new dimensionless heat conduction model number, which is the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the fast heat carrier F‐processes to the total thermal conductivity comprised of both the fast heat carriers F‐processes and the slow heat carriers C‐processes. Illustrative numerical examples for prediction of thermal conductivity in thin films are primarily presented.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1954

Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker (Teknisk Bibliotek), Ingerslevs Plads 7, Aarhus, Denmark. Representative: V. NEDERGAARD PEDERSEN (Librarian).

Abstract

Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker (Teknisk Bibliotek), Ingerslevs Plads 7, Aarhus, Denmark. Representative: V. NEDERGAARD PEDERSEN (Librarian).

Details

Aslib Proceedings, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

Article
Publication date: 18 June 2019

Jungsun (Sunny) Kim and Anthony Gatling

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three person-environment (PE) fit dimensions (i.e. person-job, person-organizational and person-technology [PT] fit) on…

1032

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of three person-environment (PE) fit dimensions (i.e. person-job, person-organizational and person-technology [PT] fit) on employees’ engagement and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) dimensions (i.e. loyalty, service delivery and participation).

Design/methodology/approach

Both online and on-site surveys were used to collect data from customer-contact employees working at a resort-style hotel in the USA. A total of 290 complete responses were collected, and the results were analyzed using a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that the three PE fit dimensions positively influenced employee engagement. The results also showed that the three PE fit dimensions had significant indirect effects on the three OCB dimensions via engagement, except for the relationship between PT fit and participation. PT fit only had a significant direct effect on participation.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the current PE fit, engagement and OCB literature by adding PT fit and testing the effects of the three PE fit dimensions on service-oriented OCB via engagement. This study recommends that hospitality companies develop strategies and tactics to improve their employees’ PE fit and engagement because they are the key determinants of service-oriented OCB.

研究目的

本论文旨在检验三种人-环境(PE)合适度维度(即人-工作 人-组织 人-科技)对员工参与和以服务为本的组织公民行为(OCB)维度(如忠诚度 服务传递 和参与)的影响。

研究设计/方法/途径

研究采样通过线上和线下问卷, 样本包括与顾客接触的在美国度假村式酒店工作的员工。样本数量为290份。研究分析方法包括验证性分子分析和结构方程模型。

研究结果

研究结果表明三种 PE 合适度维度对员工参与有积极影响。研究结果还表明三种PE合适度维度通过员工参与变量对三种 OCB 的维度有显著影响, 除了 PT 与参与之间的关系外。PT 合适度只对参与有显著直接影响。

研究原创性/价值

本论文对目前有关PE合适度 员工参与 和OCB文献有着显著贡献, 其增添了PT合适度, 还检验了三种PE合适度维度对服务为本OCB通过员工参与变量的间接影响。本论文推荐酒店业相关企业应该制定政策和方针来提高员工PE合适度, 因为 PE 合适度是服务为本OCB变量的关键维度。

关键词:人-环境合适度 人-工作合适度, 人-组织合适度 人-科技合适度 员工参与 以服务为本的组织公民行为(OCB)

纸张类型

研究论文

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