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The purpose of this paper is to examine long‐term income tax liability for Chinese public corporations from 1998 to 2007. It also studies the factors that are associated with Chinese firms' long‐run effective tax rates.

The paper uses the measurement of long‐run effective tax rate, developed by Dyreng et al., which is measured as the sum of taxes paid over ten years divided by the sum of pretax book income over those same ten years. This paper is an empirical study using the financial report data collected from China stock market financial statement database and corporate ownership structure change from SINA Finance database. The tests include both univariate and multivariate tests.

The paper's findings are: ten‐year effective tax rates are considerably lower than the statutory tax rate; ten‐year effective tax rates vary significantly across industries and geographic areas; profitability, firm size, capital structure, and capital intensity are all associated with ten‐year effective tax rates; corporate ownership structures, i.e. tradable vs non‐tradable shares, are related to ten‐year effective tax rates.

Given that corporate ownership has changed dramatically in China in recent years, future studies should be conducted to explore the association between effective tax rates and ownership changes.

The paper is of interest to the policy makers, corporate managements, and academics, who seek to examine corporate income tax burden and the factors associated with tax rates over the long term. Given that corporate ownership has changed dramatically in China in recent year, future studies should be conducted to explore the association between effective tax rates and ownership changes.

The paper differs from Dyreng et al.'s paper in 2007. While Dyreng et al. conduct a univariate analysis on the association between firm characteristics and long‐run effective tax rates, this paper employs multivariate regression models to examine what factors are associated with long‐run effective tax rates. Second, this paper examines the relationship between corporate ownerships and effective tax rates.

Several anomalies exist between current valuation theories and the various practices in use in the financial world. Most practitioners are aware that the traditionally used valuation tables are based on the premise that all monies are received/paid in arrear and that interest is converted to the account at the end of the year. It has been argued, for many years, that the adjustments needed to accurately reflect financial practice were too difficult to implement and, in any event, made little difference to the valuation. However, with very large rentals no longer being uncommon and with the existence of the large property portfolios, increased accuracy in the calculation of YPs, etc, and a more flexible approach to properly reflect financial practices is not only possible but desirable. This paper sets out to demonstrate how such accuracy and flexibility can be achieved.

The purpose of this paper is to test the economic theory that product market competition should enhance firm performance in the US corporate tax management setting. It identifies one mechanism through which corporate management can improve firm performance. The paper also identifies business conditions that may facility or impede effective corporate tax management.

The paper tests the relationship between product market competition and corporate tax efficiency using large archival data. The primary data source is COMPUSTAT, which contains annual and quarterly accounting data for US public firms. Other data sources include accounting comparability data generously shared by Professor Vedi.

The paper finds that firms in competitive industries are more efficient in managing taxes. Specifically, the paper documents that firms in competitive industries exhibit lower effective tax rates than their non-competitive counterparts. Furthermore, the paper finds that the positive link between competition and the efficiency of tax management is much stronger for firms with lower cash flow volatility and for firms with fewer industry investment opportunities. The lack of financial statement comparability may weaken this link.

Tax laws vary greatly from country to country. Readers should interpret the results within the US tax environments.

Results in this paper have implications for multinational corporations that are interested in investing and doing business in the USA.

This paper sheds light on how competition influences firm performance through efficient tax management, a specific mechanism through which competition improves firm performance. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study provides the first documentation of how product market competition affects tax planning for US publicly traded companies.

This study aims to explore the evidence of the probability of firms’ tax avoidance and the downward convergence trend of national statutory tax rates and firms’ effective tax rates.

This research employs exploratory data analysis using interactive data manipulation and visualization tools, namely, R with SparkR, dplyr, ggplot2 and googleVis (GeoChart and Motion Chart) packages. This analysis is based on the world-scale accounting data of all listed firms from 148 countries spanning 30 years.

The results reveal the following: three types of evidences on probability of firms’ tax avoidance, showing a non-random distribution of firms’ effective tax rates and return on assets, cross-sectional variation of firms’ effective tax rates in each country, and the trend of difference between effective tax rates and statutory tax rates, and the downward convergence trend of statutory tax rates and firms’ effective tax rates.

The results highlight the prominent issues of world-scale tax avoidance and tax rate competition and facilitate a collaborative discussion between laymen and professionals using objective evidence.

A novel methodology is adopted through the visualization of world-scale accounting data, which can facilitate a new perspective, revealing unexpected patterns and trends in otherwise hidden information. This study also highlights the importance of global consideration of firms’ tax avoidance and tax rate competition, using objective evidence.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of country-level governance and accounting standards on corporate tax avoidance.

This paper is an empirical work using a sample of listed companies from 36 countries.

This paper finds that firms resident in countries with stronger country-level governance engage in less tax avoidance. Aspects of stronger country-level governance include higher government effectiveness and regulatory quality, and stronger enforcement of law and control of corruption. This paper also finds that firms adopting international accounting standards (IFRS) engage in less tax avoidance than those using local accounting standards. Further examination of the effect of interactions between country-level governance and the adoption of IFRS on tax avoidance finds that there is a substitute relationship between country-level governance and the adoption of IFRS.

This study has significant implications for policy makers, corporate management and academics. It documents that when a country implements governance targeting improving government effectiveness, enhancing regulatory quality, strengthening enforcement of laws and controlling corruption, this will lead to less corporate tax avoidance. It also shows that the adoption of IFRS will reduce corporate tax avoidance, probably by enhancing accounting quality and disclosure, and that the adoption of IFRS provides a bond mechanism in reducing tax avoidance in countries with weak governance.

This paper is the first study to examine the impact of country-level governance on tax avoidance at the corporate level. It is also the first study to examine how country-level governance interplays with IFRS in shaping firms’ tax avoidance activities.

This paper examines the relationship between environmental uncertainty and tax avoidance at the firm level. We posit that managers faced with more uncertain environments are likely to engage in more tax avoidance activities. We find a significant and negative relationship between environmental uncertainty and effective tax rates, and our results persist through a battery of robust checks. We further find that managerial ability mitigates the above relationship. Moreover, we find that small, highly leveraged, and innovative firms operating in uncertain environments engage in more tax avoidance.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of institutional environment and inside ownership on the tax reporting practices of Chinese listed firms.

It is an empirical study using a sample of Chinese listed firms for eight years of time periods between 1998 and 2005.

This study finds that in Chinese provinces with more developed institutions, firms have higher effective tax rates; however, firms with inside ownership in these regions have lower effective tax rates. Further analysis shows that the above results hold only for non‐state‐owned firms.

The paper presents the first study of the impact of inside ownership and institutional environment on corporate effective tax rate in China.

Regulators in the UK and the USA recognize the need to assist borrowers that face a huge number of mortgage products with a multitude of fee combinations offered by a large number of lenders. For over 25 years they attempted to make the mortgage selection process more borrower‐friendly but, for many reasons, the efficacy of the chosen comparison tool, the Annual Percentage Rate (APR), is questionable. Because many consumers are either unwilling or unable to make price comparisons between mortgages based on the APR, we suggest replacing the APR with a new measure called the Annual Effective Rate (AER). The AER is based on the actual length of time the borrower expects to maintain the loan and the assumption that all up‐front loan costs are financed. In addition, we suggest that this comparison rate only be presented for true fixed‐rate loans and that all up‐front cost categories that are used in computing the AER be standardized.

Reviews recent New Zealand legal cases involving CBD office building leasing incentives, the efficacy of confidentiality agreements and current practical valuation problems arising when analysing office rentals. Takes a controversial stand in postulating that customary methods of decapitalizing incentives in use by the valuation profession lead to errors in calculating effective rentals. Suggests a new break‐even method to analyse lease incentives. Presents a “user‐friendly” step‐by‐step spread‐sheet goal‐seeking model to undertake the complex calculations required. The model shows graphically the explicit rental forecasts required and the resulting effective analysis alongside the results of applying customary methods. Aims to bring some balance to this area of current valuation controversy and to provide a powerful new tool to analyse accurately incentive‐induced office, retail or industrial rentals.

Decision Rules Exist for Most Decisions. Faced with the problem of managing the various components of a typical balance sheet, the financial manager can draw on a range of techniques to assist in the decision processes. Techniques which have been specially created or adapted to make the decisions most efficient in operation, and effective in achieving corporate strategy.