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1 – 10 of 316Zhu Feng, Shaotao Zhi, Lei Guo, Chong Lei and Yong Zhou
This paper aims to investigate magnetic field anneal in micro-patterned Co-based amorphous ribbon on giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect enhancement.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate magnetic field anneal in micro-patterned Co-based amorphous ribbon on giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect enhancement.
Design/methodology/approach
The amorphous ribbons were annealed in transverse and longitudinal magnetic field. The influence of different field annealing directions on GMI effect and impedance Z, resistance R and reactance X with a series of line width have been deeply analyzed.
Findings
In comparison with GMI sensors microfabricated by unannealed and transversal field annealed ribbons, GMI sensor which was designed and microfabricated by longitudinal field anneal ribbon performs better. The results can be explained by the domain wall motion and domain rotation during annealing process and the geometric structure of Co-based GMI sensor. In addition, shrinking the line width of GMI sensor can promote GMI effect significantly because of the effect of demagnetizing field, and the optimum GMI ratio is 209.7 per cent in longitudinal field annealed GMI sensor with 200 μm line width.
Originality/value
In conclusion, annealing in longitudinal magnetic field and decreasing line width can enhance GMI effect in micro-patterned Co-based amorphous ribbon.
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The aim of this paper is to present a new relatively simple model of the rotational magnetization process in anisotropic sheets.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to present a new relatively simple model of the rotational magnetization process in anisotropic sheets.
Design/methodology/approach
The surface of a sample of an anisotropic sheet is divided into an assumed number of specified directions. To each direction a certain hysteresis loop, the so‐called direction hysteresis, is assigned. The parameters of the proposed model are calculated on the basis of such values as the saturation flux density, the residual flux density (remanence), and the coercive force. It is also necessary to take into account the anisotropy constant and also the distribution function of the grains in the sample of the given anisotropic material.
Findings
The model of the rotational magnetization process of soft ferromagnetic materials takes into account two fundamental phenomena: the irreversible domain wall movements and the rotations of the flux density vectors from the easy magnetization axes. This model can also be used for the modelling of the axial magnetization process.
Practical implications
The proposed model can be used in numerical calculations of the rotational magnetization in magnetic circuits of electrical machines for any work conditions. However, for the comprehensive calculation of the magnetic field distribution this model should be completed with eddy current equations. Eddy currents influence magnetic field distribution in electric steel sheets.
Originality/value
A new model of the rotational magnetization process in anisotropic sheets is proposed.
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R. Askari, M.F. Ikram and S. H. Hejazi
Thermal conduction anisotropy, which is defined by the dependency of thermal conductivity on direction, is an important parameter in many engineering and research studies such as…
Abstract
Purpose
Thermal conduction anisotropy, which is defined by the dependency of thermal conductivity on direction, is an important parameter in many engineering and research studies such as the design of nuclear waste depositional sites. In this context, the authors aim to investigate the effect of grain shape in thermal conduction anisotropy using pore scale modeling that utilizes real shapes of grains, pores and throats to characterize petrophysical properties of a porous medium.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors generalize the swelling circle approach to generate porous media composed of randomly arranged but regularly oriented elliptical grains at various grain ratios and porosities. Unlike previous studies that use fitting parameters to capture the effect of grain–grain thermal contact resistance, the authors apply roughness to grains’ surface. The authors utilize Lattice Boltzmann method to solve steady state heat conduction through medium.
Findings
Based on the results, when the temperature field is not parallel to either major or minor axes of grains, the overall heat flux vector makes a “deviation angle” with the temperature field. Deviation angle increases by augmenting the ratio of thermal conductivities of solid to fluid and the aspect ratios of grains. In addition, the authors show that porosity and surface roughness can considerably change the anisotropic properties of a porous medium whose grains are elliptical in shape.
Originality/value
The authors developed an algorithm for generation of non-circular-based porous medium with a novel approach to include grain surface roughness. In previous studies, the effect of grain contacts has been simulated using fitting parameters, whereas in this work, the authors impose the roughness based on the its fractal geometry.
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Non‐linear reaction‐diffusion processes with cross‐diffusion in two‐dimensional, anisotropic media are analyzed by means of an implicit, iterative, time‐linearized approximate…
Abstract
Non‐linear reaction‐diffusion processes with cross‐diffusion in two‐dimensional, anisotropic media are analyzed by means of an implicit, iterative, time‐linearized approximate factorization technique as functions of the anisotropy of the heat and species diffusivity tensors, the Soret and Dufour cross‐diffusion effects, and five types of boundary conditions. It is shown that anisotropy and cross‐diffusion deform the reaction front and affect the front velocity, and the magnitude of these effects increases as the magnitude of the off‐diagonal components of the heat and species diffusivity tensors is increased. It is also shown that the five types of boundary conditions employed in this study produce similar results except when there is either strong anisotropy in the species or heat diffusivity tensors and there are no Soret and Dufour effects, or the species and heat diffusivity tensors are isotropic, but the anisotropy of the Soret and Dufour effects is important. If the species and heat diffusivity tensors are isotropic, the effects of either the Soret or the Dufour cross‐diffusion effects are small for the cases considered in this study. The time required to achieve steady state depends on the anisotropy of the heat and diffusivity tensors, the cross‐diffusion effects, and the boundary conditions.
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Shinichi Yamaguchi, Akihiro Daikoku and Norio Takahashi
This paper describes the cogging torque of the permanent magnet synchronous (PM) motors due to the magnetic anisotropy of motor core. The cogging torque due to the magnetic…
Abstract
This paper describes the cogging torque of the permanent magnet synchronous (PM) motors due to the magnetic anisotropy of motor core. The cogging torque due to the magnetic anisotropy is calculated by the finite element method using two kinds of modeling methods: one is the 2D magnetization property method, and the other is the conventional method. As a result, the PM motors with parallel laminated core show different cogging torque waveform from the PM motors with the rotational laminated core due to the influence of the magnetic anisotropy. The amplitudes of the cogging torque are different depending on the modeling methods in the region of high flux density.
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Hans Vande Sande, François Henrotte, Kay Hameyer and Ludo Froyen
For anisotropic materials, the magnetic field vector H→ and the flux density vector B→ are parallel with each other only along a few distinct directions. When performing…
Abstract
For anisotropic materials, the magnetic field vector H→ and the flux density vector B→ are parallel with each other only along a few distinct directions. When performing unidirectional measurements, only the component of B→ along the direction under consideration is measured. It is not possible to deduce the angle between B→ and H→ from unidirectional measurements alone. For ferromagnetic materials having a Goss‐texture, as most transformer steels have, this paper demonstrates a way to compute this angle a posteriori, by the combination of measurements with a physical anisotropy model.
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Chuntao Leng, Qixin Cao and Charles Lo
The purpose of this paper is to propose a suitable motion control method for omni‐directional mobile robots (OMRs) based on anisotropy.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a suitable motion control method for omni‐directional mobile robots (OMRs) based on anisotropy.
Design/methodology/approach
A dynamic modeling method for OMRs based on the theory of vehicle dynamics is proposed. By analyzing the driving torque acting on each axis while the robot moves in different directions, the dynamic anisotropy of OMRs is analyzed. The characteristics of dynamic anisotropies and kinematic anisotropies are introduced into the fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) system to coordinate the driving torque as a factor of influence.
Findings
A combination of the anisotropy and FSMC method produces coordinated motion for the multi‐axis system of OMRs, especially in the initial process of motion. The proposed control system is insensitive to parametric vibrations and external disturbances, and the chattering is apparently decreased. Simulations and experiments have proven that an effective motion tracking can be achieved by using the proposed motion control method.
Research limitations/implications
In order to obtain a clearer analysis of the anisotropy influence during the acceleration process, only the case of translation motion is discussed here. Future work could be done on cases where there are both translation and rotation motions.
Practical implications
The proposed motion control method is applied successfully to achieve effective motion control for OMRs, which is suitable for any kind of OMR.
Originality/value
The novel concept of dynamic anisotropy of OMRs is proposed. By introducing the anisotropy as an influential factor into the FSMC system, a new motion control method suitable for OMRs is proposed.
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Brijesh Upadhaya, Floran Martin, Paavo Rasilo, Paul Handgruber, Anouar Belahcen and Antero Arkkio
Non-oriented electrical steel presents anisotropic behaviour. Modelling such anisotropic behaviour has become a necessity for accurate design of electrical machines. The main aim…
Abstract
Purpose
Non-oriented electrical steel presents anisotropic behaviour. Modelling such anisotropic behaviour has become a necessity for accurate design of electrical machines. The main aim of this study is to model the magnetic anisotropy in the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of grade M400-50A using a phenomenological hysteresis model.
Design/methodology/approach
The well-known phenomenological vector Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model is modified to correctly model the typical anisotropic behaviour of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet, which is not described correctly by the original vector Jiles–Atherton model. The modification to the vector model is implemented through the anhysteretic magnetization. Instead of the commonly used classical Langevin function, the authors introduced 2D bi-cubic spline to represent the anhysteretic magnetization for modelling the magnetic anisotropy.
Findings
The proposed model is found to yield good agreement with the measurement data. Comparisons are done between the original vector model and the proposed model. Another comparison is also made between the results obtained considering two different modifications to the anhysteretic magnetization.
Originality/value
The paper presents an original method to model the anhysteretic magnetization based on projections of the anhysteretic magnetization in the principal axis, and apply such modification to the vector Jiles–Atherton model to account for the magnetic anisotropy. The replacement of the classical Langevin function with the spline resulted in better fitting. The proposed model could be used in the numerical analysis of magnetic field in an electrical application.
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Martin Christopher Mapley, Geoff Tansley, Jo P. Pauls, Shaun D. Gregory and Andrew Busch
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been developed to rapidly produce custom designs from a multitude of materials. Bonded permanent magnets (PMs) have been produced via…
Abstract
Purpose
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been developed to rapidly produce custom designs from a multitude of materials. Bonded permanent magnets (PMs) have been produced via several AM techniques to allow for rapid manufacture of complex geometries. These magnets, however, tend to suffer from lower residual induction than the industry standard of injection moulding primarily due to the lower packing density of the magnetic particles and secondly due to the feedstock consisting of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) powder with isotropic magnetic properties. As there is no compaction during most AM processes, increasing the packing density is very difficult and therefore the purpose of this study was to increase the magnetic properties of the PMs without increasing the part density.
Design/methodology/approach
Accordingly, this research investigates the use of anisotropic NdFeB feedstock coupled with an in-situ alignment fixture into an AM process known as selective laser sintering (SLS) to increase the magnetic properties of AM magnets. A Helmholtz coil array was added to an SLS machine and used to expose each powder layer during part fabrication to a near-uniform magnetic field of 20.4 mT prior to consolidation by the laser.
Findings
Permeagraph measurements of the parts showed that the alignment field introduced residual induction anisotropy of up to 46.4 ± 2.2% when measured in directions parallel and perpendicular to the alignment field. X-ray diffraction measurements also demonstrated a convergence of the orientation of the crystals when the magnets were processed in the presence of the alignment field.
Originality/value
A novel active alignment fixture for SLS was introduced and was experimentally shown to induce anisotropy in bonded PMs. Thus demonstrating a new method for the enhancement in energy density of PMs produced via AM methods.
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new research construct to depict more accurately organisational structure and the direction of organisational changes in large…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new research construct to depict more accurately organisational structure and the direction of organisational changes in large multinational corporations (MNCs).
Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents an overview of the existing literature on the phenomenon of anisotropy in natural sciences and the organisation of large corporations, and transforms an identified phenomenon into a research construct of organisational theory.
Findings
This paper demonstrates that anisotropy, that is, the differences in the speed and conductivity of the movement of capital (money), products (goods and services), ideas (knowledge) and talent (people) in different directions within the corporation (from the centre to the subsidiaries, from the subsidiaries to the corporate centre and between subsidiaries) is the normal state of the internal space of the MNC. Anisotropy is increasing with the on-going restructuring of the global economic order. This leads to the divergence of business units in MNCs into the core and the periphery.
Research limitations/implications
The paper outlines a series of promising research avenues in organisational studies.
Originality/value
The paper provides a novel treatment of the composition of MNCs.
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