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1 – 3 of 3The purpose of this paper is identification of a methodology to determine CO2 emissions through facility services on an approximate and sufficiently accurate basis. This…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is identification of a methodology to determine CO2 emissions through facility services on an approximate and sufficiently accurate basis. This methodology is to be used by German practitioners for request for proposals (RFPs) and offers of facility services.
Design/methodology/approach
In accordance with ISO 14067, a matrix of CO2-relevant modules for the representation of CO2 emissions from facility services is developed. Key figures for energy consumption, transport and equipment manufacture and use are used in a case study.
Findings
For a transparent CO2 assessment of facility services, the following modules are required: work clothing, devices, vehicles (service personnel), supplies, transportation of personnel and overhead (vehicles and office space). In the case study, facility services account for about 30 per cent of the CO2 emissions originating from the use of the building.
Research limitations/implications
The methodology developed is also applicable to other services. Prior to that, however, the investigation of additional facility services (catering or security) and an extension to other types of facilities is required (office building, hospital, etc.).
Practical implications
The developed methodology allows transparent competition for low-carbon services concepts, for example, in RFP procedures for facility services.
Social implications
CO2-optimised facility services increase the demand for low-emission operating equipment and resources. They therefore have an indirect influence on the development of a low-carbon economy.
Originality/value
To date, there has not been a methodology that supports a transparent and practical summary of the service-related CO2 emissions associated with the resources used in facility services.
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Carl-Alexander Graubner, Andrea Pelzeter and Sebastian Pohl
The purpose of this paper is to present the development of an action and assessment framework to make sustainability in German facility management (FM) transparent, measurable and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the development of an action and assessment framework to make sustainability in German facility management (FM) transparent, measurable and assessable.
Design/methodology/approach
The underlying research project’s approach to develop the new action and assessment framework consisted of a three-step methodology: to define and substantiate sustainability in FM, to operationalise and quantify sustainability in FM and to validate the developed system draft through an initial pilot study.
Findings
The main result of the presented research project is a set of 24 criteria, organised into the separate areas of environmental, economic and sociocultural quality, as well as the quality of FM organisation and the sustainability of building/contract-specific facility services. The assessment methodology reflects the strategic approach of a plan–do–check–act loop to create a transparent and objective appraisal and a practical action framework.
Research limitations/implications
The outcome of the study is initially only a measurement and assessment framework. To transform the finalised system draft and assessment tool into a certification system, further steps of development are necessary.
Practical implications
The newly developed action and assessment framework is able to cure the blind spot that the relevant players (building owners, users and service providers) suffer from while developing, purchasing and comparing concepts for sustainable FM. The results and practical experiences of its initial pilot study show that this new framework can make the building operation phase and its processes transparent, measurable and assessable.
Social implications
The guideline is also able to establish a crucial basis for the development of corporate sustainability strategies and sustainability reporting. This is an important step in closing the existing gap in numerous corporate social responsibility reports.
Originality/value
Due to its assessment methodology and the calibration of its criteria, this new action and assessment framework both diversifies and completes the range of existing sustainability certification systems.
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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the result of an optimisation via life cycle costs (LCC) depends on the assumptions made throughout the process of calculating LCC.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the result of an optimisation via life cycle costs (LCC) depends on the assumptions made throughout the process of calculating LCC.
Design/methodology/approach
A framework is used to structure the assumptions made in the process of calculating LCC. These include the following three pairs: technical versus economic life‐span, static versus dynamic calculation method or costs only versus income minus costs. In a broader sense, these LCC are referred to as the life cycle economy (LCE). Two case studies form the basis for the LCC calculations. Using different assumptions, the LCC of virtual design variations of these buildings are compared to each other.
Findings
The rankings drawn from the calculations differ according to the chosen calculation method, i.e. the chosen variation for the optimisation of a building is not consistent.
Research limitations/implications
This is essentially an exploratory study and the prognosis of future cash flow in relation to certain design variations requires further research.
Practical implications
The credibility of life cycle costing should improve with a greater transparency of assumptions in the context of the outlined framework.
Originality/value
All players in facilities management who support their decisions with LCC will benefit from this quantification of the impact of different calculation methods. The extension of LCC to LCE will help planners, investors and owners of real estate in evaluating building options with respect to quality, image, flexibility or comfort.
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