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The paper seeks to examine how the uniqueness and ethnicity of first names influence affective reactions to those names and their potential for hire.

In study 1, respondents evaluated 48 names in terms of uniqueness and likeability, allowing us to select names viewed consistently as Common, Russian, African‐American, and Unusual. In Study 2 respondents assessed the uniqueness and likeability of the names, and whether they would hire someone with the name.

Results indicated that Common names were seen as least unique, best liked, and most likely to be hired. Unusual names were seen as most unique, least liked, and least likely to be hired. Russian and African‐American names were intermediate in terms of uniqueness, likeability and being hired, significantly different from Common and Unique names, but not significantly different from each other.

The name an individual carries has a significant impact on how he or she is viewed, and conceivably, whether or not the individual is hired for a job.

Human resource professionals need to be aware that there seems to be a clear bias in how people perceive names. When resumés are screened for hiring, names should be left off. Our findings also suggest that when selecting, parents may want to reconsider choosing something distinctive.

This study offers original findings in regards to names, combining diverse research from social psychology and labor economics, and offering practical implications.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the hypothesis that Whiteness is used as a normative standard when comparing a variety of first names.

Respondents (full- and part-time business students) evaluated names that sounded common, African-American, Russian, and unusual.

Results from two studies suggest that “common” or “neutral” names are perceived to be white, and to be more American than African-American, Russian or unusual-sounding names. Results also demonstrate that the common names have more positive attributes, including socio-economic class.

The study found that the basic comparison of American respondents will be to a white person. Second, the authors applied Critical Race Theory (CRT) to the research on names. Finally, the authors demonstrate that unless they are totally anonymous, virtual teams will still have the type of social categorization and stereotyping of team members found in ordinary teams.

Organizations and managers need to recognize that a “colorblind” approach simply reinforces the expectation that any differences in American organizations will be compared against the Whiteness standard. This can be a problem in any organizational setting, especially given the proliferation of virtual teams. This may be addressed with attempts to increase common in-group identity and strategies for identifying bias.

In this research the authors integrate concepts and theory from Virtual Teams, CRT and the Psychology of Names, providing both theoretical and practical implications.

For students who are blind or visually impaired, technology enables greater access to the educational curriculum, immediate and independent access to information, and full participation in community and citizenship. This chapter reviews research on technology use by students with visual impairments, and highlights effective practices, promising developments, and ongoing challenges. The authors discuss the implications of these advancements on policy, instruction, professional development, and future research.

Intumescent coatings are nowadays a dominant passive system used to protect structural materials in case of fire. Due to their reactive swelling behaviour, intumescent coatings are particularly complex materials to be modelled and predicted, which can be extremely useful especially for performance-based fire safety designs. In addition, many parameters influence their performance, and this challenges the definition and quantification of their material properties. Several approaches and models of various complexities are proposed in the literature, and they are reviewed and analysed in a critical literature review.

Analytical, finite-difference and finite-element methods for modelling intumescent coatings are compared, followed by the definition and quantification of the main physical, thermal, and optical properties of intumescent coatings: swelled thickness, thermal conductivity and resistance, density, specific heat capacity, and emissivity/absorptivity.

The study highlights the scarce consideration of key influencing factors on the material properties, and the tendency to simplify the problem into effective thermo-physical properties, such as effective thermal conductivity. As a conclusion, the literature review underlines the lack of homogenisation of modelling approaches and material properties, as well as the need for a universal modelling method that can generally simulate the performance of intumescent coatings, combine the large amount of published experimental data, and reliably produce fire-safe performance-based designs.

Due to their limited applicability, high complexity and little comparability, the presented literature review does not focus on analysing and comparing different multi-component models, constituted of many model-specific input parameters. On the contrary, the presented literature review compares various approaches, models and thermo-physical properties which primarily focusses on solving the heat transfer problem through swelling intumescent systems.

The presented literature review analyses and discusses the various modelling approaches to describe and predict the behaviour of swelling intumescent coatings as fire protection for structural materials. Due to the vast variety of available commercial products and potential testing conditions, these data are rarely compared and combined to achieve an overall understanding on the response of intumescent coatings as fire protection measure. The study highlights the lack of information and homogenisation of various modelling approaches, and it underlines the research needs about several aspects related to the intumescent coating behaviour modelling, also providing some useful suggestions for future studies.

Purpose: Work-related emotional exposure is a fundamental job characteristic in all kinds of service jobs from sales to law enforcement and corrections and from human services (nursing, counseling) to legal services. But formalized job descriptions are surprisingly silent about the emotional issues accompanying the jobs and roles service workers perform. This is surprising because formalized job descriptions are the foundation of job design, HR, and leadership practices that positively affect employee, customer, and organizational outcomes. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a theory paper and review. To help clarify the emotional labor issues service employees confront, we explicate a model of emotional labor based on the attributes of jobs, roles, and professionalism. Findings: We define emotional labor as service work that exposes those who do such work to interactions with others that can arouse negative emotions. We propose that, while employing organizations define their jobs and employees craft their larger roles, professional norms and values also are a foundation for their emotional labor. Research Implications: We integrate this work-focused emotional labor model into the larger context in which such work occurs via theory and research on organizational climate. We suggest future research on this approach to understanding the antecedents and consequences of emotional labor work. We summarize the major research ideas of what should be the focus of such research and provide a hint about what an emotional labor climate scale might look like based on these ideas. Practical Implications: This chapter offers practical advice to HR managers about how to improve emotional labor. Social Implications: Better management of emotional labor can reduce employee stress and increase employee well-being. Originality/Value: This chapter develops an original model of emotional labor.

The purpose of this paper is to promote successful application of quality function deployment (QFD) combined with quantitative techniques in service organizations.

The paper assesses advantages and disadvantages of implementing the QFD method in service organizations. It discusses the integration of quantitative techniques with QFD in order to overcome some of the problems that organizations face in its application. The implementation of QFD along with AHP and ANP is studied within the bank sector. With the intention of completing the first House of Quality and thus prioritizing customers' bank selection criteria, a field survey was carried out with customers of a bank. Also, information from interviews with the bank's managers was utilized.

The real world illustration confirms the compatibility between QFD, AHP and ANP and demonstrates the applicability and ease of use of the proposed model.

A procedure is presented to help practitioners of this improved QFD framework deal with the challenges of quick response to dynamic shifts in customer needs by automating the House of Quality (HOQ). The paper could be useful to academics and practitioners in developing the integrated QFD‐AHP‐ANP method to design high quality services in various services.

This paper aims to investigate participants’ motivations and perceptions of a field trip. Specifically, this paper examines if and how students’ perceptions change with time and it explores the main factors for ensuring success in an experiential learning tourism program.

The study gathered and compared data collected in two points in time – immediately at the end of the experience and two months afterward. T-tests for paired samples were used to examine potential differences in perceptions and principal component analysis was used to identify the key factors determining the success of the experience.

The findings indicate that there are various motivations behind participation and that time barely affects perceptions of the experience. Furthermore, three factors emerged as important for meeting expectations, namely, social and professional connections, learning and traditional yet engaging teaching.

While the outcomes are useful, they need to be thoughtfully applied because of the small data set. It is important to repeat similar investigations to allow more certainty in the propositions formulated. Furthermore, future studies should evaluate a broader variety of outcomes to determine whether perceptions remain constant. The implications are that educators and destination managers can easily apply these conclusions for the benefit and the findings can inform other field trips and broader experiential initiatives.

Despite research on learning outcomes and perceptions of experiential learning having expanded considerably, a fundamental question that remains unanswered is how perceptions of such experiences change and, consequently, when the most appropriate time is to assess participant perceptions.

研学旅游与体验式学习：学生对田野实践的认知

摘要

本文的研究目的是为了探讨学生对于研学旅游中田野实践的参与动机和观念。特别地, 本文检验了学生的观念是否以及如何随时间变化, 并探讨了影响体验式研学旅行项目成功实施的关键因素。

该研究在两个时间点收集数据, 一是在完成体验式学习之后立即进行数据收集, 二是在两个月后再次进行数据收集。研究主要采用配对样本T检验来检验认知的潜在差异, 采用主成分分析法来识别影响该体验能否成功的关键因素。

研究结果表明, 参加体验式研学旅行的人们有着不同的动机, 时间基本不影响参与者对研学体验的认知。此外, 三个因素显得十分重要：社交和专业联系、学习、传统的参与式教学。

尽管本研究的结果有重要的实践价值, 但由于样本量相对较小, 需要谨慎应用此研究结果。本研究认为, 有必要在未来的研究中进行类似的重复研究, 以确保所得出的结论具有稳健性。此外, 未来的研究应当考虑更多的结果, 从而判断参与者的认知是否稳定。本文的研究意义有三：教育工作者以及旅游目的地经理人可以轻松应用这些结论来盈利, 可以启发其他类型的田野实践, 启发更一般的体验式学习项目。

近来, 虽然关于体验式学习成效、体验式学习认知的研究迅速增加, 但一个尚未被解答的根本性问题是：体验式学习的认知是如何变化的, 因此, 在哪个时间点去评估参与者的认知是最合适的？

Turismo educativo y aprendizaje experimental: percepciones de los estudiantes sobre las excursiones

El propósito de este estudio es investigar las motivaciones y percepciones de un viaje de campo. Específicamente, en este articulo se examina si las percepciones de los estudiantes cambian con el tiempo y se determinan los principales factores para asegurar el éxito de un programa de aprendizaje experimental de turismo.

El estudio reunió y comparó datos recopilados en dos puntos en el tiempo – directamente después de la experiencia y dos meses después. Se aplico la prueba “t” para muestras emparejadas para examinar las posibles diferencias en las percepciones y se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales para identificar los factores clave que determinan el éxito de la experiencia.

los resultados indican que hay varias motivaciones detrás de la participación y que el tiempo prácticamente no afecta las percepciones de la experiencia. Además, tres factores surgieron como fundamentales para cumplir con las expectativas de los estudiantes: conexiones sociales y profesionales, aprendizaje y enseñanza tradicional pero dinámica.

Si bien los resultados son útiles, deben aplicarse cuidadosamente debido al pequeño conjunto de datos. Es importante repetir investigaciones similares para permitir mayor certeza en las proposiciones formuladas. Además, los estudios futuros deberían evaluar una variedad más amplia de resultados para determinar si las percepciones permanecen constantes. Las implicaciones son que los educadores y los gerentes de destino pueden aplicar fácilmente estas conclusiones para beneficio y los hallazgos pueden informar otras excursiones e iniciativas experimentales más amplias.

Si bien la investigación sobre percepciones del aprendizaje experimental se ha ampliado considerablemente, una pregunta fundamental que queda sin respuesta es cómo cambian las percepciones de tales experiencias y, en consecuencia, cuándo es el momento más apropiado para evaluar las percepciones de los participantes.

Museum visits provide opportunities for students to learn content in engaging and interactive ways. In social studies, museums may be spaces where students can increase their historical and civic understanding through exposure to artifacts and narratives unavailable in classrooms. Yet, research suggests teachers are insufficiently prepared to integrate museum visits into classroom curriculum effectively. In this project, the instructors of the two secondary social studies methods course sections organized a visit to a natural history museum. The instructors modeled pre- and post-visit lesson activities during class and provided a guide for pre-service teachers to complete during their museum visit. While pre-service teachers reported they better understood the importance of connecting museum visits to classroom curriculum, they also raised questions about how methods course faculty might introduce pre-service teachers to museum visits. This article discusses what was learned during the project, as well as approaches social studies methods course instructors might reflect upon when considering museum visits as a component of social studies teacher education.

Discusses the importance of qualitative data from customers in customer satisfaction measurement programs. Presents results of a study which is based on customer comments, using airline flight attendants as the target customer population. Indicates that qualitative data can produce actionable information as well as explanations for the nature of quantitative customer satisfaction data. Provides implications for management.