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Article
Publication date: 28 May 2020

András Jakab, Viktor Hlavicka, Ágoston Restás and Eva Lubloy

During the building designing, it is very important to deal with the fire resistance of the structures. The designed materials for escape routes should be selected to ensure the…

Abstract

Purpose

During the building designing, it is very important to deal with the fire resistance of the structures. The designed materials for escape routes should be selected to ensure the usability of the structures until the time of escape. Planning affects the glass structures similarly, so these can also be partition walls and load bearing structures, although the latter is less applied on escape routes. The heat protection of the glasses can be improved with heat-protective foils, while fire protection is provided by gel intumescent material.

Design/methodology/approach

To research the topic of fire resistance, laboratory experiments were carried out on small-scaled glass elements with thermal protection foil at Budapest University of Technology and Economics at the Department of Construction Materials and Technologies.

Findings

Fire protection of small model specimens was tested with blowtorch fire and furnace heat load. During the experiments, six foils were tested. Single pane glass, double layered and triple glazed specimens were tested with blowtorch fire.

Originality/value

Fire protection of small model specimens was tested with blowtorch fire and furnace heat load. During the experiments, six foils were tested. Single pane glass, double layered and triple glazed specimens were tested with blowtorch fire. In case of heat-protected glazing, the foils on the “protected” side of the single pane glass do not have a fire protection effect based on blowtorch fire test. For double glassed specimens, the P35 foil has a perceptible effect, even for the requirements of the flame breakthrough (E, integrity), when the foil is placed on the inner side (position 3) of the second glass layer. The stratification of each triple glazed specimens was effective against blowtorch fire load (3 M, S4&P35), so (EI, integrity and isolation) it can meet the requirements of flame breakthrough and thermal insulation.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 February 2017

Oliver Krammer, Benjámin Gyarmati, András Szilágyi, Richárd Storcz, László Jakab, Balázs Illés, Attila Géczy and Karel Dušek

A measurement method has been developed to reveal the viscosity change of solder pastes during stencil printing. This paper aimed to investigate thixotropic behaviour, the…

Abstract

Purpose

A measurement method has been developed to reveal the viscosity change of solder pastes during stencil printing. This paper aimed to investigate thixotropic behaviour, the viscosity change of a lead-free solder paste (Type 4).

Design/methodology/approach

The viscosity change of the solder paste during stencil printing cycles was characterised in such a way that the time-gap between the printing cycles was modelled with a rest period between every rheological measurement. This period was set as 15, 30 and 60 s during the research. The Cross model was fitted to the measurement results, and the η0 parameter was used to characterise the viscosity change. The number of printing cycles necessary for reaching a stationary state in viscosity was determined for various rest periods.

Findings

It was found that the decrease in zero-shear viscosity is significant (25 per cent) in the first cycles, and it starts to become stationary at the sixth-seventh cycles. This means a printing process can provide the appropriate deposits only after the 7th cycle with the investigated Type 4 solder paste.

Originality/value

Time-dependent rheological behaviour of solder pastes was studied in the literature, but only the viscosity change over continuous time at constant shear rates was examined. The time-gap between stencil printing cycles was not considered, and thixotropic behaviour of solder pastes was also neglected. Therefore, the authors developed a measurement set which is able to model the effect of time-gap between printing cycles on the viscosity change of solder pastes.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 29 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 February 2019

Dániel Straubinger, Attila Géczy, András Sipos, András Kiss, Dániel Gyarmati, Oliver Krammer, Dániel Rigler, David Bušek and Gábor Harsányi

This paper aims to present a novel approach on investigating critical current densities in the solder joints of chip-size surface-mounted components or device (SMD) components and…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present a novel approach on investigating critical current densities in the solder joints of chip-size surface-mounted components or device (SMD) components and ball grid array (BGA) lead-free solder joints with the focus of via-in-pad geometries. The investigation involves a numerical approach and a physical validation with selected geometry configurations and high current loads to reveal possible failure sources. The work is a continuation of a previous study.

Design/methodology/approach

Current density was investigated using finite element modeling on BGA joints. Dummy BGA components, 0402 and 0603 zero ohm jumper resistors, were used, both in daisy chain setups on standard FR4 printed circuit boards (PCBs). Respective physical loading experiments were set to find effects of elevated current density at hot zones of the joints. Cross-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy and shear force tests were used to analyze the joints.

Findings

The findings reveal alterations in the joints, while the current loading is not directly affecting the structure. The modeling reveals the current density map in the selected formations with increased current crowding zones. Overall, the degradation does not reach the level of electromigration (EM)-induced voiding due to the limiting factor of the FR4 substrate.

Practical implications

The heavy current load affects joint reliability, but there are limitations of EM-induced failures on PCB-based assemblies due to the thermomechanical weakness of the FR4 material.

Originality/value

The experiments investigate current density from a novel aspect on frequently used BGA surface mounted components with modeling configurations focusing on possible effects of via-in-pad structure.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 45 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 19 February 2018

Attila Geczy, Daniel Straubinger, Andras Kovacs, Oliver Krammer, Pavel Mach and Gábor Harsányi

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach on investigating critical current densities in the solder joints of chip-size surface mounted device (SMD) components. The…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach on investigating critical current densities in the solder joints of chip-size surface mounted device (SMD) components. The investigation involves a numerical approach and a physical validation with selected track-to-pad connections and high current loads (CXs).

Design/methodology/approach

During the investigations, shape of solder fillets was calculated in Surface Evolver, and then the current densities were calculated accordingly in the given geometry. For the verification, CX tests were performed on joints at elevated temperatures. The joints were qualified with X-ray microscopy, cross-section analysis and shear tests.

Findings

This study ascertained that the inhomogeneity in current density depends on the track-to-pad structure of the joint. Also this study found that the heavy CX decreases the mechanical strength, but the degradation does not reach the level of electromigration (EM)-induced voiding.

Practical implications

The heavy CX significantly affects joint reliability and the results point out to EM-induced failure-limitations on printed circuit board (PCB)-based assemblies due to the thermomechanical weakness of the FR4 material.

Originality/value

The experiments investigate current density from a novel aspect on more frequently used small-scale components with different track-to-pad configurations – pointing out possible failure sources.

Details

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-0911

Keywords

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