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Book part
Publication date: 14 May 2013

Job Crafting and Cultivating Positive Meaning and Identity in Work

Amy Wrzesniewski, Nicholas LoBuglio, Jane E. Dutton and Justin M. Berg

The design of a job is deeply consequential for employees’ psychological experiences at work. Jobs are collections of tasks and relationships that are grouped together and…

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Abstract

The design of a job is deeply consequential for employees’ psychological experiences at work. Jobs are collections of tasks and relationships that are grouped together and assigned to an individual (Ilgen & Hollenbeck, 1992), and scholars have long been interested in the way these elements come together to constitute the experience of a job (Griffin, 1987; Hackman & Oldham, 1980). Research in this area has traditionally built on a core assumption that managers design jobs in a top-down fashion for employees, which places employees in the relatively passive role of being the recipients of the jobs they hold.

Details

Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2046-410X(2013)0000001015
ISBN: 978-1-78052-000-1

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Book part
Publication date: 12 April 2014

Adolescent socialization and the development of adult work orientations

Kathryn H. Dekas and Wayne E. Baker

A work orientation represents a person’s beliefs about the meaning of work – the function work plays in the person’s life and the constellation of values and assumptions…

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Abstract

Purpose

A work orientation represents a person’s beliefs about the meaning of work – the function work plays in the person’s life and the constellation of values and assumptions the person holds about the work domain. Research has suggested that adults tend to favor one of three primary work orientations: job, career, or calling. Empirical studies have shown that adults with different primary work orientations tend to experience different work and career outcomes; however, scholars have not analyzed how or why an individual first develops a work orientation. In this study, we take a first step toward investigating the origins of adults’ work orientations.

Design/methodology/approach

We propose hypotheses drawing on extant literature on the development of work values and occupational inheritance. We test hypotheses using a retrospective research design and survey methodology, with a sample of working adults.

Findings

Work orientations are developed through socialization processes with parents during adolescence. There are different patterns of development across the three work orientation categories: stronger calling orientations are developed when both parents possess strong calling orientations; stronger career orientations develop in accordance with fathers’ career orientations; and job orientations are related more to the nature of the adolescent’s relationship with parents than with parents’ own work orientations.

Originality/value

This research provides the first empirical study of the origin and development of work orientations.

Research limitations/implications

This research offers insight into ways generations are connected through the perceived meaning of their work, even as the nature of work changes. We encourage future scholars to use this as a starting point for research on the development of work orientations, and to continue exploring these questions using additional methods, particularly longitudinal study designs.

Details

Adolescent Experiences and Adult Work Outcomes: Connections and Causes
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320140000025003
ISBN: 978-1-78350-572-2

Keywords

  • Work orientations
  • meaning of work
  • career development
  • work values
  • calling

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Book part
Publication date: 16 September 2019

Introduction to Job Crafting

Davide de Gennaro

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Abstract

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Job Crafting
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-219-520191004
ISBN: 978-1-83867-222-5

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Book part
Publication date: 12 April 2014

In search of the self at work: Young adults’ experiences of a dual identity organization ☆

Both authors contributed equally to this chapter.

Michel Anteby and Amy Wrzesniewski

Multiple forces that shape the identities of adolescents and young adults also influence their subsequent career choices. Early work experiences are key among these…

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Abstract

Purpose

Multiple forces that shape the identities of adolescents and young adults also influence their subsequent career choices. Early work experiences are key among these forces. Recognizing this, youth service programs have emerged worldwide with the hope of shaping participants’ future trajectories through boosting engagement in civically oriented activities and work. Despite these goals, past research on these programs’ impact has yielded mixed outcomes. Our goal is to understand why this might be the case.

Design/Methodology/Approach

We rely on interview, archival, and longitudinal survey data to examine young adults’ experiences of a European youth service program.

Findings

A core feature of youth service programs, namely their dual identity of helping others (i.e., service beneficiaries) and helping oneself (i.e., participants), might partly explain the program’s mixed outcomes. We find that participants focus on one of the organization’s identities largely to the exclusion of the other, creating a dynamic in which their interactions with members who focus on the other identity create challenges and dominate their program experience, to the detriment of a focus on the organization and its goals. This suggests that a previously overlooked feature of youth service programs (i.e., their dual identity) might prove both a blessing for attracting many diverse members and a curse for achieving desired outcomes.

Originality/Value

More broadly, our results suggest that dual identity organizations might attract members focused on a select identity, but fail to imbue them with a blended identity; thus, limiting the extent to which such organizations can truly “redirect” future career choices.

Details

Adolescent Experiences and Adult Work Outcomes: Connections and Causes
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320140000025002
ISBN: 978-1-78350-572-2

Keywords

  • Organizational identity
  • multiple identity
  • identification
  • youth service
  • civil service
  • Europe

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Book part
Publication date: 16 September 2019

Conclusions

Davide de Gennaro

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Abstract

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Job Crafting
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-219-520191008
ISBN: 978-1-83867-222-5

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Book part
Publication date: 12 April 2014

List of contributors

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Abstract

Details

Adolescent Experiences and Adult Work Outcomes: Connections and Causes
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320140000025015
ISBN: 978-1-78350-572-2

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Book part
Publication date: 14 May 2013

List of Contributors

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Details

Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2046-410X(2013)0000001002
ISBN: 978-1-78052-000-1

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Book part
Publication date: 12 April 2014

Adolescent experiences and adult work outcomes: Connections and causes

Henrich R. Greve and Marc-David L. Seidel

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Abstract

Details

Adolescent Experiences and Adult Work Outcomes: Connections and Causes
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-283320140000025001
ISBN: 978-1-78350-572-2

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Book part
Publication date: 16 September 2019

Prelims

Davide de Gennaro

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Abstract

Details

Job Crafting
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-219-520191003
ISBN: 978-1-83867-222-5

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Book part
Publication date: 14 May 2013

About the Contributors

Simon L. Albrecht is a registered psychologist and has a PhD and a master’s degree in Organizational Psychology. Simon’s PhD focused on identifying the dimensions…

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Simon L. Albrecht is a registered psychologist and has a PhD and a master’s degree in Organizational Psychology. Simon’s PhD focused on identifying the dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of organizational trust. Simon is a Senior Lecturer within the Organizational Psychology program at Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. Teaching, research, and practice interests are in the areas of work engagement, organizational development and change, leadership development, culture and climate, and organizational politics. Simon has published in numerous international journals, has numerous book chapters in print, and has presented at international conferences. In addition to his academic and research interests Simon also has considerable consultancy experience. He has previously been a director of a human resource consultancy engaged in delivering a broad range of organizational development activities and programs.

Details

Advances in Positive Organizational Psychology
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S2046-410X(2013)0000001018
ISBN: 978-1-78052-000-1

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